Emerging Applications for High K Materials in VLSI Technology.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Clark RD
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5453339 | biostudies-other | 2014 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (SCNCs) or, more broadly, colloidal quantum nanostructures constitute outstanding model systems for investigating size and dimensionality effects. Their nanoscale dimensions lead to quantum confinement effects that enable tuning of their optical and electronic properties. Thus, emission color control with narrow photoluminescence spectra, wide absorbance spectra, and outstanding photostability, combined with their chemical processability through control of their surface chemistry leads to the emergence of SCNCs as outstanding materials for present and next-generation displays. In this Review, we present the fundamental chemical and physical properties of SCNCs, followed by a description of the advantages of different colloidal quantum nanostructures for display applications. The open challenges with respect to their optical activity are addressed. Both photoluminescent and electroluminescent display scenarios utilizing SCNCs are described.
| S-EPMC6001641 | biostudies-literature
Project description:After the successful commercial exploitation of 3D printing technology, the advanced version of additive manufacturing, i.e., 4D printing, has been a new buzz in the technology-driven industries since 2013. It is a judicious combination of 3D printing technologies and smart materials (stimuli responsive), where time is the fourth dimension. Materials such as liquid crystal elastomer (LCE), shape memory polymers, alloys and composites exhibiting properties such as self-assembling and self-healing are used in the development/manufacturing of these products, which respond to external stimuli such as solvent, temperature, light, etc. The technologies being used are direct ink writing (DIW), fused filament fabrication (FFF), etc. It offers several advantages over 3D printing and has been exploited in different sectors such as healthcare, textiles, etc. Some remarkable applications of 4D printing technology in healthcare are self-adjusting stents, artificial muscle and drug delivery applications. Potential of applications call for further research into more responsive materials and technologies in this field. The given review is an attempt to collate all the information pertaining to techniques employed, raw materials, applications, clinical trials, recent patents and publications specific to healthcare products. The technology has also been evaluated in terms of regulatory perspectives. The data garnered is expected to make a strong contribution to the field of technology for human welfare and healthcare.
| S-EPMC9865937 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered multidisciplinary attention due to their structural tailorability, controlled pore size, and physicochemical functions, and their inherent properties can be exploited by applying them as precursors and/or templates for fabricating derived hollow porous nanomaterials. The fascinating, functional properties and applications of MOF-derived hollow porous materials primarily lie in their chemical composition, hollow character, and unique porous structure. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the synthetic strategies and emerging applications of hollow porous materials derived from MOF-based templates and/or precursors is given. Based on the role of MOFs in the preparation of hollow porous materials, the synthetic strategies are described in detail, including (1) MOFs as removable templates, (2) MOF nanocrystals as both self-sacrificing templates and precursors, (3) MOF@secondary-component core-shell composites as precursors, and (4) hollow MOF nanocrystals and their composites as precursors. Subsequently, the applications of these hollow porous materials for chemical catalysis, electrocatalysis, energy storage and conversion, and environmental management are presented. Finally, a perspective on the research challenges and future opportunities and prospects for MOF-derived hollow materials is provided.
| S-EPMC9307687 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite many efforts, the outcomes obtained with field-assisted processing of materials still rely on long-term coupling with other electroless processes. This conceals the efficacy and the intrinsic contributions of electric current. A new device utilizing electrical nano pulsing (ENP) has been designed and constructed to bring quasi-instantaneous modifications to the micro- and nano-structure in materials. Featuring ultra-high intensity (~ 1011 A/m2) and ultra-short duration (< 1 μs), the ENP technology activates non-equilibrium structural evolutions at nanometer spatial scale and nanosecond temporal scale. Several examples are provided to demonstrate its utility far outpacing any conventional materials processing technology. The ENP technology gives a practical tool for exploring the intrinsic mechanism of electric-field effects and a pathway towards the rapid industrial manufacturing of materials with unique properties.
| S-EPMC10764874 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT)-filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites were prepared by extrusion and considered for their suitability in the offshore sheathing applications. Transmission electron microscopy was conducted to analyse dispersion after bulk extrusion. Monolithic and nanocomposite samples were subjected to accelerated weathering and photodegradation (carbonyl and vinyl indices) characterisations, which consisted of heat, moisture (seawater) and UV light, intended to imitate the offshore conditions. The effects of accelerated weathering on mechanical properties (tensile strength and elastic modulus) of the nanocomposites were analysed. CNT addition in HDPE produced environmentally resilient nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties. The energy utilised to extrude nanocomposites was also less than the energy used to extrude monolithic HDPE samples. The results support the mass substitution of CNT-filled HDPE nanocomposites in high-end offshore applications.
| S-EPMC7412307 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Over the last decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have propelled the discovery of thousands of loci associated with complex diseases. The focus is now turning toward the function of these association signals, determining the causal variant(s) among those in strong linkage disequilibrium, and identifying their underlying mechanisms, such as long-range gene regulation. Genome-editing techniques utilizing zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats with Cas9 nuclease (CRISPR-Cas9) are becoming the tools of choice to establish functionality for these variants, due to the ability to assess effects of single variants in vivo. This review will discuss examples of how these technologies have begun to aid functional analysis of GWAS loci for complex traits such as cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, cancer, obesity, and autoimmune disease. We focus on analysis of variants occurring within noncoding genomic regions, as these comprise the majority of GWAS variants, providing the greatest challenges to determining functionality, and compare editing strategies that provide different levels of evidence for variant functionality. The review describes molecular insights into some of these potentially causal variants and how these may relate to the pathology of the trait and look toward future directions for these technologies in post-GWAS analysis, such as base-editing.
| S-EPMC6087882 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Zirconium-doped hafnium oxide (HfZrOx) is one of the promising ferroelectric materials for next-generation memory applications. To realize high-performance HfZrOx for next-generation memory applications, the formation of defects in HfZrOx, including oxygen vacancies and interstitials, needs to be optimized, as it can affect the polarization and endurance characteristics of HfZrOx. In this study, we investigated the effects of ozone exposure time during the atomic layer deposition (ALD) process on the polarization and endurance characteristics of 16-nm-thick HfZrOx. HfZrOx films showed different polarization and endurance characteristics depending on the ozone exposure time. HfZrOx deposited using the ozone exposure time of 1 s showed small polarization and large defect concentration. The increase of the ozone exposure time to 2.5 s could reduce the defect concentration and improve the polarization characteristics of HfZrOx. When the ozone exposure time further increased to 4 s, a reduction of polarization was observed in HfZrOx due to the formation of oxygen interstitials and non-ferroelectric monoclinic phases. HfZrOx, with an ozone exposure time of 2.5 s, exhibited the most stable endurance characteristics because of the low initial defect concentration in HfZrOx, which was confirmed by the leakage current analysis. This study shows that the ozone exposure time of ALD needs to be controlled to optimize the formation of defects in HfZrOx films for the improvement of polarization and endurance characteristics.
| S-EPMC10210041 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There is broad interest in surface functionalization of 2D materials and its related applications. In this work, we present a novel graphene layer transistor fabricated by introducing fluorinated graphene (fluorographene), one of the thinnest 2D insulator, as the gate dielectric material. For the first time, the dielectric properties of fluorographene, including its dielectric constant, frequency dispersion, breakdown electric field and thermal stability, were comprehensively investigated. We found that fluorographene with extremely thin thickness (5 nm) can sustain high resistance at temperature up to 400 °C. The measured breakdown electric field is higher than 10 MV cm(-1), which is the heightest value for dielectric materials in this thickness. Moreover, a proof-of-concept methodology, one-step fluorination of 10-layered graphene, is readily to obtain the fluorographene/graphene heterostructures, where the top-gated transistor based on this structure exhibits an average carrier mobility above 760 cm(2)/Vs, higher than that obtained when SiO? and GO were used as gate dielectric materials. The demonstrated fluorographene shows excellent dielectric properties with fast and scalable processing, providing a universal applications for the integration of versatile nano-electronic devices.
| S-EPMC4118181 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The electrical double-layer supercapacitance performance of the nanoporous carbons prepared from the Phyllanthus emblica (Amala) seed by chemical activation using the potassium hydroxide (KOH) activator is reported. KOH activation was carried out at different temperatures (700-1000 °C) under nitrogen gas atmosphere, and in a three-electrode cell set-up the electrochemical measurements were performed in an aqueous 1 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. Because of the hierarchical pore structures with well-defined micro- and mesopores, Phyllanthus emblica seed-derived carbon materials exhibit high specific surface areas in the range of 1360 to 1946 m2 g-1, and the total pore volumes range from 0.664 to 1.328 cm3 g-1. The sample with the best surface area performed admirably as the supercapacitor electrode-material, achieving a high specific capacitance of 272 F g-1 at 1 A g-1. Furthermore, it sustained 60% capacitance at a high current density of 50 A g-1, followed by a remarkably long cycle-life of 98% after 10,000 subsequent charging/discharging cycles, demonstrating the electrode's excellent rate-capability. These results show that the Phyllanthus emblica seed would have significant possibilities as a sustainable carbon-source for the preparing high-surface-area activated-carbons desired in high-energy-storage supercapacitors.
| S-EPMC9739855 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Adherence to proven, effective medications remains low, resulting in high rates of clinical complications, hospital readmissions, and death. The use of technology to identify patients at risk and to target interventions for poor adherence has increased. This review focuses on research that tests these emerging technologies and evaluates the effect of technology-based adherence interventions on cardiovascular outcomes.Recent studies have evaluated technology-based interventions to improve medication adherence by using pharmaceutical databases, tailoring educational information to individual patient needs, delivering technology-driven reminders to patients and providers, and integrating in-person interventions with electronic alerts. Cellular phone reminders and in-home electronic technology used to communicate reminder messages have shown mixed results. Only one study has shown improvement in both adherence and clinical outcome. Current trials suggest that increasing automated reminders will complement but not replace the benefits seen with in-person communication for medication taking.Integration of in-person contacts with technology-driven medication adherence reminders, electronic medication reconciliation, and pharmaceutical databases may improve medication adherence and have a positive effect on cardiovascular clinical outcomes. Opportunities for providers to monitor the quality of care based on new adherence research are evolving and may be useful as standards for quality improvement emerge.
| S-EPMC3756138 | biostudies-other