Synthesis and Characterization of New Chlorhexidine-Containing Nanoparticles for Root Canal Disinfection.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Haseeb R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5456790 | biostudies-other | 2016 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:The relative citation rate (RCR) is a normalized article-level metric useful to assess the impact of research articles. The objective of this bibliometric study is to identify and analyze, in root canal disinfection, the 100 articles having the highest RCRs in the period 1990-2019, then compare them with the top 100 articles most cited. A cross-sectional study was performed, and the search strategy ((Disinfection AND root canal) AND (("1990/01/01"[Date-Publication]: "2019/12/31"[Date-Publication]))) relied on PubMed (n = 4294 documents), and article data were downloaded from the iCite database. The 100 articles with the highest RCRs and the top 100 cited were selected and evaluated in bibliometric terms. Among the 100 articles with the highest RCRs, there were no differences in the three decades for RCRs values, but there were in citations, being 2000-2009 the most cited. The USA was the predominant country (n = 30), followed by Brazil (n = 14). The most frequent study designs were reviews (n = 27) and in vitro (n = 25) and ex vivo (n = 24) studies. All subfields were well represented, although they varied over time. In 2010-2019, regenerative procedures and irrigation/disinfection techniques were predominant. Considering the RCR's top 100 articles, 76 were common with the 100 most cited articles. Using the RCR metric allowed us to identify influential articles in root canal disinfection, a research field with topics of significance that fluctuate over time. Compared to citations, RCR reduces the time from publication to detection of its importance for the readership and could be a valid alternative to citation counts.
| S-EPMC8614753 | biostudies-literature
Project description:An antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinum bromide (MDPB)-containing experimental, chemically cured primer was prepared to develop a new resin-based root canal filling system. This study investigated the antibacterial effects of the MDPB-containing primer (experimental primer [EP]) against Enterococcus faecalis and assessed the in vitro bonding and sealing abilities of the filling system, consisting of EP and a Bis-GMA-based sealer resin. Antibacterial effects of EP were evaluated by contact with planktonic or adherent bacteria for 30 or 60 sec, and the viable bacterial number was counted. The antibacterial effects against E. faecalis in dentinal tubules were also assessed, according to a root canal infection model. Bonding and sealing abilities of the experimental filling system were examined by microtensile bond strength tests and leakage tests based on fluid filtration methods. Significantly greater reduction in viable bacteria in planktonic and adherent form was obtained by short-period contact with EP compared with the control primer (without MDPB) or with the proprietary (Epiphany) primer (p < .05). Significantly greater bactericidal effects of the EP inside the dentinal tubule of root, as opposed to the control primer or Epiphany primer, were confirmed according to a root canal infection model (p < .05), and 100% killing of E. faecalis could be obtained by the application of EP after irrigation with a 5% sodium hypochlorite solution. The experimental endodontic filling system demonstrated significantly greater bond strength to root dentin than Epiphany sealer system (Epiphany primer and Epiphany Root Canal Sealant; p < .05), showing formation of resin tags and a hybridized layer. Leakage tests clarified that the experimental system provided excellent sealing. This study confirmed that the MDPB-containing experimental antibacterial primer has the ability to effectively disinfect the root canal. Additionally, the experimental root canal filling system employing this primer and the Bis-GMA-based sealer resin is useful for achieving good sealing, suggesting its possible benefit for successful endodontic treatments.
| S-EPMC4462803 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of semiconductor laser irradiation on root canal sealing after routine root canal therapy (RCT).MethodsSixty freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10). The anatomic crowns were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction and the remaining roots were prepared endodontically with conventional RCT methods. Groups A and B were irradiated with semiconductor laser at 1W for 20 seconds; Groups C and D were ultrasonically rinsed for 60 seconds as positive control groups; Groups E and F without treatment of root canal prior to RCT as negative control groups. Root canal sealing of Groups A, C and E were evaluated by measurements of apical microleakage. The teeth from Groups B, D and F were sectioned, and the micro-structures were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One way ANOVA and LSD-t test were used for statistical analysis (? = .05).ResultsThe apical sealing of both the laser irradiated group and the ultrasonic irrigated group were significantly different from the control group (p<0.5). There was no significant difference between the laser irradiated group and the ultrasonic irrigated group (p>0.5). SEM observation showed that most of the dentinal tubules in the laser irradiation group melted, narrowed or closed, while most of the dentinal tubules in the ultrasonic irrigation group were filled with tooth paste.ConclusionThe application of semiconductor laser prior to root canal obturation increases the apical sealing of the roots treated.
| S-EPMC5619785 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Caries preventive varnishes containing only fluoride might differ from those containing a combination of fluoride and antimicrobial components in terms of mineralization properties and their impact on the cariogenic biofilm. We compared a fluoride and a fluoride + chlorhexidine (CHX)/cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) varnish on root caries formation in vitro. One hundred bovine root dentin samples were allocated to five groups (n = 20/group): (1) 7700 ppm fluoride varnish (Fluorprotector S (F)), (2) experimental placebo varnish for F (F-P), (3) 1400 ppm fluoride + 0.3% CHX/0.5% CPC varnish (Cervitec F (CF)), (4) experimental placebo varnish for CF (CF-P), (5) untreated control. Cariogenic challenge was provided using a multi-station, continuous-culture 3-species (Streptococcus mutans (SM), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), Actinomyces naeslundii (AN)) biofilm model for 10 days. Mineral loss (ΔZ) was evaluated using transversal microradiography and bacterial counts in the biofilm assessed as colony-forming units. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal microscopy were performed to assess the three-dimensional biofilm architecture. Mean ± SD (vol% × μm) ΔZ was significantly lower for F (9133 ± 758) and CF (9835 ± 1677) compared to control (11362 ± 919) (p < 0.05), without significant differences between F and CF. SM counts were significantly lower and LR counts significantly higher in F- and CF-biofilms compared to control. AN counts were significantly higher in the F-biofilms than in all other groups. According to FISH, SM and LR invaded dentinal tubules only in the control-group. In the CF-group, the basal biofilm layer did not contain SM and AN. Both F and CF varnishes had similar caries-preventive effects and a considerable impact on biofilm structure and composition.
| S-EPMC8065905 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To determine the antibacterial effect of propolis nanoparticles (PNs) as an endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm inside the endodontic root canal system. Two-hundred-ten extracted human teeth were sectioned to obtain 6 mm of the middle third of the root. The root canal was enlarged to an internal diameter of 0.9 mm. The specimens were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. Following this, specimens were randomly divided into seven groups, with 30 dentinal blocks in each group including: group I-saline; group II-propolis 100 µg/mL; group III-propolis 300 µg/mL; group IV-propolis nanoparticle 100 µg/mL; group V-propolis nanoparticle 300µg/mL; group VI-6% sodium hypochlorite; group VII-2% chlorhexidine. Dentin shavings were collected at 200 and 400 ?m depths, and total numbers of CFUs were determined at the end of one, five, and ten minutes. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the differences in reduction in CFUs between all groups, and probability values of p < 0.05 were set as the reference for statistically significant results. The antibacterial effect of PNs as an endodontic irrigant was also assessed against E. faecalis isolates from patients with failed root canal treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were also performed after exposure to PNs. A Raman spectroscope, equipped with a Leica microscope and lenses with curve-fitting Raman software, was used for analysis. The molecular interactions between bioactive compounds of propolis (Pinocembrin, Kaempferol, and Quercetin) and the proteins Sortase A and ?-galactosidase were also understood by computational molecular docking studies. PN300 was significantly more effective in reducing CFUs compared to all other groups (p < 0.05) except 6% NaOCl and 2% CHX (p > 0.05) at all time intervals and both depths. At five minutes, 6% NaOCl and 2% CHX were the most effective in reducing CFUs (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between PN300, 6% NaOCl, and 2% CHX at 10 min (p > 0.05). SEM images also showed the maximum reduction in E. faecalis with PN300, 6% NaOCl, and 2% CHX at five and ten minutes. CLSM images showed the number of dead cells in dentin were highest with PN300 compared to PN100 and saline. There was a reduction in the 484 cm-1 band and an increase in the 870 cm-1 band in the PN300 group. The detailed observations of the docking poses of bioactive compounds and their interactions with key residues of the binding site in all the three docking protocols revealed that the interactions were consistent with reasonable docking and IFD docking scores. PN300 was equally as effective as 6% NaOCl and 2% CHX in reducing the E. faecalis biofilms.
| S-EPMC7866495 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The chelating and antimicrobial capacity of a novel modification of 17% EDTA with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (EDTA-AgNPs) was evaluated in-vitro for root canal treatment (RCT). The EDTA-AgNPs solution was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, ζ-potential and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Antimicrobial capacity was evaluated against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus in planktonic and biofilm cells by broth macrodilution (24 h) and XTT assays, (1, 10 and 30 min) respectively. The chelating capacity of EDTA-AgNPs was assessed indirectly (smear layer removal) and directly (demineralizing effect) in bovine dentin at two silver concentrations, 16 and 512 μg/ml at 1 and 10 minutes of exposure time. Smear layer removal was evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The demineralizing effect was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), microhardness test (MH) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Synthesized AgNPs were quasi-spherical in shape with an average size of 13.09 ± 8.05 nm. 17% EDTA-AgNPs was effective to inhibit C. albicans and S. aureus in planktonic and biofilm cultures. The smear layer removal and demineralizing effect were similar between 17% EDTA-AgNPs and 17% EDTA treatments. The 17% EDTA-AgNPs solution proved to be an effective antimicrobial agent, and has a similar chelating capacity to 17% EDTA alone. These in-vitro studies strongly suggest that EDTA-AgNPs could be used for effective smear layer removal, having an antimicrobial effect at the same time during RCT.
| S-EPMC5773103 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different final irrigation solutions on postoperative pain following root canal treatment. Methods. Eighty-nine nonvital premolar and molar teeth with periapical lesions (PAI: 3‒4) without any clinical symptoms were included. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups according to the final irrigation solutions used: G1: 2 mL of Qmix (n=29), G2: 2 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (n=30), and G3: 2 mL of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) (n=30). All the patients were prescribed 100 mg of flurbiprofen to use as needed for pain. The patients were asked to rate their pain status according to the verbal rating scale at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and one week. The data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and chi-squared analysis with Monte Carlo simulation. The significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results. No significant differences were observed in postoperative pain rates at 12, 48, and 72 hours and one week (P>0.05). However, in the Qmix group, a significantly lower pain level was observed at 24 hours with EDTA and CHX (P=0.019). The rate of mild pain in the EDTA group at 72 hours (18.8%) was significantly higher in premolar teeth than in molar teeth (P=0.012). The moderate pain level in the EDTA group at 12 hours was significantly higher in those>60 years of age (P=0.008). Conclusion. The use of Qmix as an irrigation solution resulted in lower postoperative pain levels at 24 hours compared to other solutions. Therefore, Qmix can be considered a proper final irrigation solution in endodontic treatment regarding postoperative pain.
| S-EPMC9339748 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesEffective disinfection of the root canals is the cornerstone of successful endodontic treatment. Diminishing the microbial load within the root canal system is crucial for healing in endodontically treated teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG and 940 nm diode lasers on the eradication of microorganisms from single-rooted teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis.Materials and methodsThirty participants conforming to the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the disinfection protocol used; Conventional group: 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% EDTA solution NaOCl/EDTA, Dual laser group: 2780 nm Erbium, chromium: yttrium scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser and 940 nm diode laser Er,CrYSGG/Diode, and Combined group: 17% EDTA and 940 nm diode laser EDTA/Diode. Bacterial samples were collected before and after intervention. The collected data were statistically analyzed using Friedman's test and Kruskal-Wallis test (P ≤ 0.05).ResultsThe results of the study showed that both dual laser Er,CrYSGG/Diode and combined laser EDTA/Diode groups showed significantly less mean Log10 CFU/ml of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts than the conventional NaOCl/EDTA group.ConclusionsIn this study we evaluated in vivo the bactericidal efficacy of three disinfection protocols for endodontic treatment of single-rooted teeth with apical periodontitis. The results indicated that both dual laser Er,CrYSGG/Diode and combined laser EDTA/Diode groups provide superior bactericidal effect compared to the conventional NaOCl/EDTA group.Clinical relevanceThe integration of lasers into root canal disinfection protocols has demonstrated significant bacterial reduction which might promote healing and long-term success.
| S-EPMC10894764 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A new series of symmetrical organic dyes containing an indigo central core decorated with different electron donor groups have been prepared, starting from Tyrian Purple and using the Pd-catalyzed Stille-Migita coupling process. The effect of substituents on the spectroscopic properties of the dyes has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. In general, all dyes presented intense light absorption bands, both in the blue and red regions of the visible spectrum, conferring them a bright green color in solution. Using the same approach, an asymmetrically substituted D-A-π-A green dye, bearing a triarylamine electron donor and the cyanoacrylate acceptor/anchoring group, has been synthesized for the first time and fully characterized, confirming that spectroscopic and electrochemical properties are consistent with a possible application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC).
| S-EPMC7435895 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare the shaping ability of four root canal preparation systems in newly developed 3D-printed root canal models.Materials and methodsFor this study, 1080 3D-printed acrylic resin blocks with nine different root canal configurations were produced. They were prepared with Reciproc R25 (#25), F6 SkyTaper (#25 and #30) F360 (#25 and #35) and One Shape (#25) (N = 30 per system). Pre- and post-instrumentation images were superimposed for evaluation of the centering ratio of the different systems. Ledges, instrument fractures and preparation times were also recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey tests were conducted, comparing the mean canal centering ratios and the mean preparation times.ResultsThere were significant differences between all systems regarding the centering ratios in the different root canal configurations (ANOVA p < 0.001). The root canal configuration had considerable effect on the centering ratio of the instruments. The best overall mean centering ratios were achieved with F6 SkyTaper #25 instruments especially in canal configurations with big curvature angles and radii, while F360 #35 was least centered especially in canals with small curvature angles and radii. Most ledges occurred with OneShape, while it was the significantly (p < 0.001) fastest preparation system (86.7 s (SD 13.53)) and Reciproc the significantly (p < 0.001) slowest (103.0 s (SD 20.67)).Conclusion3D-printed root canals are suitable to produce challenging canal configurations and to investigate the limitations of root canal instruments. We found that all instruments caused canal transportations. However, F6 SkyTaper #25 files had better overall centering ratios than the other instruments. In canal configurations with small curvature radii, the centering ratio of some instruments is low and the probability for ledges is increased.
| S-EPMC6070255 | biostudies-literature