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Spectral Properties of Er3+/Tm3+ Co-Doped ZBLAN Glasses and Fibers.

ABSTRACT: A series of Er3+/Tm3+ co-doped fluoride (ZBLAN) glasses and fibers was prepared and their fluorescence spectra was measured under excitation at 793 nm and 980 nm. Correlation between the self-absorption effect of rare-earth ions and the shift of the emission peak was investigated. With the increasing length of fiber, the emission peaks red-shift when self-absorption occurs at the upper level of emission transition or blue-shift when that occurs at the lower level. As a result of the strong self-absorption effect, Er3+/Tm3+ co-doped fibers mainly yield 1390-1470, 1850-1980, and 2625-2750 nm emissions when excited at 793 nm, and 1480-1580, 1800-1980, and 2625-2750 nm emissions when excited at 980 nm. Further, a broadband emission in the range of 1410-1580 nm covering the S + C communication band was obtained by the dual-pumping scheme of 793 nm and 980 nm. Results suggest that the dual-pumping scheme would be more effective and important for an Er3+/Tm3+ co-doped fiber amplifier working in the S + C communication band.

SUBMITTER: Liao X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5459017 | biostudies-other | 2017 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Raman spectra of aqueous Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, Yb3+, and Lu3+-perchlorate solutions were measured over a large wavenumber range from 50-4180 cm-1. In the low wavenumber range (terahertz region), strongly polarized Raman bands were detected at 387 cm-1, 389 cm-1, 391 cm-1, 394 cm-1, and 396 cm-1, respectively, which are fairly broad (full widths at half height at ~52 cm-1). These isotropic Raman bands were assigned to the breathing modes, ?1 Ln-O of the heavy rare earth (HRE) octaaqua ions, [Ln(H2O)8]3+. The strong polarization of these bands (depolarization degree ~0) reveals their totally symmetric character. The vibrational isotope effect was measured in Yb(ClO4)3 solutions in H2O and D2O and the shift of the ?1 mode in changing from H2O to D2O further supports the character of the band. The Ln-O bond distances of these HRE ions (Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, Yb3+, and Lu3+) follow the order of Ho-O > Er-O > Tm-O > Yb-O > Lu-O which correlates inversely with the band positions of the breathing modes of their corresponding octaaqua ions [Ln(OH2)8]3+. Furthermore, the force constants, kLn-O, were calculated for these symmetric stretching modes. Ytterbium perchlorate solutions were measured over a broad concentration range, from 0.240 mol·L-1 to 2.423 mol·L-1, and it was shown that with increasing solute concentration outer-sphere ion pairs and contact ion pairs were formed. At the dilute solution state (~0.3 mol·L-1), the fully hydrated ions [Yb(H2O)8]3+ exist, while at higher concentrations (CT > 2 mol·L-1), ion pairs are formed. The concentration behavior of Yb(ClO4)3 (aq) shows similar behavior to the one observed for La(ClO4)3(aq), Ce(ClO4)3(aq) and Lu(ClO4)3(aq) solutions. In ytterbium chloride solutions in water and heavy water, representative for the behavior of the other HRE ions, 1:1 chloro-complex formation was detected over the concentration range from 0.422-3.224 mol·L-1. The 1:1 chloro-complex in YbCl3(aq) is very weak, diminishing rapidly with dilution and vanishing at a concentration < 0.4 mol·L-1.

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Spectral Properties of Er3+/Tm3+ Co-Doped ZBLAN Glasses and Fibers.

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