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Dysregulation of miRNA Expression in Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and Its Consequences on the Tumor Microenvironment.

ABSTRACT: The tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), has developed as an important target for understanding tumor progression, clinical prognosis and treatment responses of cancer. Cancer cells appear to transform normal fibroblasts (NF) into CAFs involving direct cell-cell communication and epigenetic regulations. This review summarizes the current understanding on miR involvement in cancer cell-tumor environment/stroma communication, transformation of NFs into CAFs, their involved targets and signaling pathways in these interactions; and clinical relevance of CAF-related miR expression profiles. There is evidence that miRs have very similar roles in activating hepatic (HSC) and pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) as part of precancerous fibrotic diseases. In summary, deregulated miRs affect various intracellular functional complexes, such as transcriptional factors, extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, EMT/MET regulation, soluble factors, tyrosine kinase and G-protein signaling, apoptosis and cell cycle & differentiation, but also formation and composition of the extracellular microenvironment. These processes result in the clinical appearance of desmoplasia involving CAFs and fibrosis characterized by deregulated stellate cells. In addition, modulated release of soluble factors can act as (auto)activating feedback loop for transition of NFs into their pathological counterparts. Furthermore, epigenetic communication between CAFs and cancer cells may confer to cancer specific functional readouts and transition of NF. MiR related epigenetic regulation with many similarities should be considered as key factor in development of cancer and fibrosis specific environment.

SUBMITTER: Schoepp M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5483873 | biostudies-other | 2017 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Dysregulation of miRNA Expression in Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and Its Consequences on the Tumor Microenvironment.

Schoepp Maren M Ströse Anda Jana AJ Haier Jörg J

Cancers 20170524 6

The tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), has developed as an important target for understanding tumor progression, clinical prognosis and treatment responses of cancer. Cancer cells appear to transform normal fibroblasts (NF) into CAFs involving direct cell-cell communication and epigenetic regulations. This review summarizes the current understanding on miR involvement in cancer cell-tumor environment/stroma communication, transformation of NFs into CAFs, their ...[more]

PMID: 28538690

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Project description:BackgroundThe tumor microenvironment has recently emerged as a new target of anticancer chemotherapy. Selective activation of anticancer chemotherapy in the tumor microenvironment would further reduce the toxicity of anticancer drugs toward normal tissues. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is known to be selectively overexpressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we designed an anticancer chemotherapeutic system based on promelittin, a peptide toxin that is selectively converted from an inactive form to the pore-forming melittin upon cleavage by FAP in the tumor microenvironment.MethodsWe conjugated promelittin-containing FAP-cleavable sequences to pegylated phospholipids and anchored them to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets. The resulting nanosheets, PL-rGO, were tested for hemolysis and used for doxorubicin delivery. In vitro cocultures and in vivo tumor growth (n?=?5 mice per group) with tissue immunostaining were used to test the selective activation of anticancer chemotherapy by FAP expressed on CAFs.ResultsFAP-specific hemolytic activity of PL-rGO was observed in cocultures of CAFs and HT29 cells but not in HT29 cells alone. Doxorubicin-loaded PL-rGO (Dox/PL-rGO) showed 3.4-fold greater cell-killing efficacy (compared with free Dox in the CAF/HT29 coculture system, effects that were not observed in HT29 cells alone). Intravenously administered Dox/PL-rGO reduced the growth of HT29 tumors more effectively than other treatments (Dox/PL-rGO: mean = 200.6?mm(3), 95% confidence interval [CI] = 148.7 to 252.5?mm(3); free Dox: mean = 697.0?mm(3), 95% CI?=?646.9 to 747.1?mm(3), PL: mean = 565.0?mm(3), 95% CI?=?550.5 to 579.6?mm(3); Dox/rGO: mean = 637.6?mm(3), 95% CI?=?619.5 to 655.7?mm(3); PL-rGO: mean = 464.4?mm(3), 95% CI?=?433.0 to 495.8?mm(3)). Immunostaining of tumor tissues revealed that survival of CAFs and HT29 cells was lowest in the group treated with Dox/PL-rGO.ConclusionsThe demonstration of selective activation of PL-rGO by FAP on CAFs suggests that PL-rGO may serve as a tumor microenvironment-responsive anticancer chemotherapy system.

Dataset Information

Dysregulation of miRNA Expression in Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and Its Consequences on the Tumor Microenvironment.

Publications

Dysregulation of miRNA Expression in Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and Its Consequences on the Tumor Microenvironment.

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