The Association between Adiposity and the Risk of Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Liu W
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5485359 | biostudies-other | 2017
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Background/objectivesRecently, several studies explored the association between glaucoma and the risk of stroke, but these results were inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine this possible association.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception until February 28, 2022. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted by generic inverse variance method. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed. The review protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022312797).ResultsSeven studies (involving 362,267 participants) have been published from 2004 to 2017 and included in the meta-analysis. These studies included four retrospective cohort studies, two cross-sectional studies, and one case-control study. Meta-analysis of these data has shown that glaucoma was associated with an increased risk of stroke (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.45-2.59). Most of the subgroup analyses demonstrated similar results. These findings were stable in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsWe found that glaucoma was associated with an increased risk of stroke. The result suggests that patients with glaucoma need to be assessed the risk of stroke to reduce the incidence of stroke. To better explore the nature of any association, prospective studies that consider the stroke subtypes, sample size, district, and other confounding factors are needed.
| S-EPMC9881460 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disease that increases the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. However, studies of an association between OSAS and glaucoma neuropathy have reported controversial findings.The main purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a significant association exists between OSAS and glaucoma by performing a meta-analysis of previous studies.A comprehensive literature search using the PubMed and Embase databases was performed to identify cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies related to the topic. We estimated a pooled odds ratio (OR) for the association between OSAS and glaucoma, by a fixed- or random-effects model.In total, 16 studies with 2,278,832 participants met the inclusion criteria: one retrospective cohort study reported an adjusted hazard ratio of glaucoma of 1.67 (95% CI = 1.30-2.17). Using a fixed-effects model, the pooled OR of six case-control studies was 1.96 (95% CI = 1.37 2.80). A significant association was also identified in a meta-analysis of nine cross-sectional studies using a random-effects model, which showed a pooled OR of 1.41 (95% CI = 1.11 1.79). However, the reported pooled estimates for case control studies and cross-sectional studies were based on unadjusted ORs.Our results suggest that OSAS is associated with the prevalence of glaucoma. However, this result was based only on unadjusted estimates. Prospective cohort studies designed to take into consideration potential confounders, or examination of data from interventional trials to determine whether a reduction in OSAS status is associated with a reduced incidence of glaucoma, are needed to clarify whether OSAS is an independent risk factor for glaucoma.
| S-EPMC4338237 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundGlaucoma and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are prevalent and debilitating conditions, with common pathogenic pathways like oxidative stress and fluid dysregulation. We evaluated if there is a bidirectional association between them, as previous studies have yielded conflicting results.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library from inception until 15 June 2021, including full-length English articles published in peer-reviewed journals reporting on glaucoma and CKD as either exposure or outcome, among participants aged ≥18 years. We pooled overall summary estimates of odds ratios using random-effect meta-analysis and conducted subgroup meta-analyses and univariate meta regression. We assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and quality of evidence using the GRADE framework. Our article is PROSPERO-registered and adherent to both PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. This review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021262846).FindingsWe identified 14 articles comprising of 3 retrospective cohort studies and 12 cross-sectional studies from 2,428 records, including 1,978,254 participants. Risk of bias was low to moderate. Participants with CKD at baseline had higher pooled odds of glaucoma (odds ratio[OR]=1.18, 95% confidence interval[CI]=1.04-1.33, I2=66%, N=12) compared to participants without CKD. The association remained significant in subgroups of longitudinal studies, participants with diabetes, East Asian studies and primary open-angle glaucoma. In the reverse direction, participants with glaucoma at baseline had over three-fold higher odds of incident CKD compared to participants without glaucoma after 10-15 years of follow-up in longitudinal studies (OR=3.67, 95% CI=2.16-6.24, I2=75%, N=2). All studies adjusted for age and sex, while most studies adjusted for comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. Meta-regression identified ethnicity (East Asians vs Non-East Asians) as a significant effect moderator. Associations were robust to trim-and-fill adjustment for publication bias, single-study influence and cumulative meta-analyses.InterpretationOur meta-analysis suggests a bidirectional relationship between glaucoma and CKD, particularly among East Asians. Further studies are required to elucidate underlying mechanisms and account for differential association by ethnicity.FundingChing-Yu Cheng is supported by Clinician Scientist Award (NMRC/CSA-SI/0012/2017) of the Singapore Ministry of Health's National Medical Research Council.
| S-EPMC9189872 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness worldwide affecting almost 70 million individuals. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a widespread pathogen with systematic pathogenicity. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the contradictory data regarding a potential association between active H. pylori infection and glaucoma. Materials and Methods: A research in MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted and original studies investigating the relationship between H. pylori infection and glaucoma were included. Analysis was performed with random effects model. The main outcome was the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of H. pylori infection as a risk factor for glaucoma. A parallel analysis studied the role of active infection as indicated by histology and the titer of anti-H. pylori antibodies. For the anti-H. pylori antibody titers, weighted mean differences (WMD) were estimated between patients and controls. Results: Fifteen studies were included, with 2664 participants (872 patients with glaucoma and 1792 controls), divided into primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and pseudo-exfoliation glaucoma (PEG). The association between H. pylori infection and overall glaucoma was significant (OR = 2.08, CI 95% 1.48-2.93) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 61.54%). After stratification by glaucoma subtype, heterogeneity was eliminated in the NTG subgroup. Studies with healthy controls, and controls with anemia yielded very low or no heterogeneity, respectively. Gastric biopsy to document active H. pylori infection yielded the highest OR (5.4, CI: 3.17-9.2, p < 0.001) and null heterogeneity. For anti-H. pylori antibody titers, there was a significant difference in WMD between patients and controls (WMD 15.98 IU/mL; 95% CI: 4.09-27.87; p = 0.008); values were greater in glaucoma patients, with high heterogeneity (I2: 93.8%). Meta-regression analysis showed that mean age had a significant impact on glaucoma (p = 0.037). Conclusions: Active H. pylori infection may be associated with glaucoma with null heterogeneity, as, beyond histology, quantified by anti-H. pylori titers and increases with age.
| S-EPMC7355761 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The TP53 is important in functions of cell cycle control, apoptosis, and maintenance of DNA integrity. Studies on the association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) risk have yielded conflicting results. Published literature from PubMed and Web of Science databases was retrieved. All studies evaluating the association between p53 codon 72 polymorphisms and POAG were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Eleven separate studies including 2541 cases and 1844 controls were pooled in the meta-analysis. We did not detect a significant association between POAG risk and p53 codon 72 polymorphism overall population except allele genetic model (C vs. G: OR = 0.961, 95% CI = 0.961-0.820, P = 0.622). In the stratified analysis for Asians and Caucasians, there was an association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and POAG. In the dominant model in the overall population and by ethnicity subgroups, the highest elevated POAG risk was presented. In summary, these results indicate that p53 codon 72 polymorphism is likely an important genetic factor contributing to susceptibility of POAG. However, more case-controls studies based on larger sample size and stratified by ethnicity are suggested to further clarify the relationship between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and POAG.
| S-EPMC5168918 | biostudies-literature
Project description:C-reactive protein (CRP) has been indicated to be associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SZ) and other psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate whether peripheral blood CRP levels are associated with the risk of SZ. We searched literature from databases of Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library from inception to November 1, 2016 for studies that reported serum or plasma CRP levels in patients with SZ and non-SZ controls. At least two reviewers decided on eligibility and extracted data from included studies. Random effects meta-analyses were performed using standardized mean difference (SMD) as the effect estimate of the differences in CRP levels between subjects with SZ and healthy controls. We identified 18 studies representing 1963 patients with SZ and 3683 non-SZ controls. Compared with non-schizophrenics, blood CRP levels were moderately increased in people with SZ (SMD 0.53, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.76) irrespective of study region, sample size of included studies, patient mean age, age of SZ onset and patient body mass index. Publication bias was not detected through Egger's linear regression test (P = 0.292). We noticed that patients in Asia or Africa (n = 6, SMD 0.73, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.21) and whose age less than 30 years (n = 5, SMD 0.76, 95% CI 0.07 to 1.58) had substantially higher CRP levels. Our study provides evidence that higher CRP levels are associated with increased risk of SZ, especially for young adult patients less than 30 years. Further large-scale studies are strongly warranted to further confirm this association.
| S-EPMC5650435 | biostudies-other
Project description:Quantification of the association between the intake of cholesterol and risk of pancreatic cancer is still conflicting. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence from epidemiological studies of cholesterol intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Pertinent studies were delivered by PubMed and Web of Knowledge issued through April of 2014. A random effects model was used to process the data for analysis. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were conducted. Dose-response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline and variance-weighted least squares regression analysis. With 4513 pancreatic cases exemplified, 16 articles were applied in the meta-analysis. Pooled results suggest that cholesterol intake level was significantly associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer [summary relative risk (RR) = 1.371, 95%CI = 1.155-1.627, I(2) = 58.2%], especially in America [summary RR = 1.302, 95%CI = 1.090-1.556]. A linear dose-response relation was attested that the risk of pancreatic cancer rises by 8% with 100 mg/day of cholesterol intake. [summary RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04-1.13]. In conclusion, our analysis suggests that a high intake of cholesterol might increase the risk of pancreatic cancer, especially in America.
| S-EPMC4316166 | biostudies-other
Project description:BACKGROUND:Murine double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) plays an important role in the downregulation of P53 tumor suppressor gene. MDM2 inhibits P53 transcriptional activity and thereby results in accelerated tumor formation. Overexpression of MDM2 has been found in several cancer types including endometrial cancer. SNP309 is located in the promoter region of MDM2 and contributes to the overexpression of MDM2. The association between MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism and endometrial cancer risk has been investigated in several studies; however, the conclusion remains controversial. OBJECTIVES:We performed the present meta-analysis to give a comprehensive conclusion of the association between MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism and endometrial cancer susceptibility. METHODS:We conducted a literature research on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, OVID, Web of Science, Wan Fang, CNKI, and CQVIP databases up to July 31, 2018. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of studies. We evaluated the strength of association by combining odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in 5 different genetic models under a fixed-effect model or random-effect model. We further conducted subgroup analysis by ethnicity, source of control, histological type, clinical type, grade, and stage of tumor. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also performed. RESULTS:Nine eligible studies were finally included in our meta-analysis. We found MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism increased the risk of endometrial cancer under allele model (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.41, P?=?.005), homozygote model (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.13-1.81, P?=?.003) and recessive model (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17-2.04, P?=?.002). Subgroup analysis suggested a similar elevated risk in both Asians and Caucasians. We identified a strong association of enhanced susceptibility to endometrial cancer in endometrioid group (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.28-3.54, P?=?.004) and Type I group (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.25-2.86, P?=?.002) under dominant model. We identified no significant publication bias according to Egger's test. CONCLUSIONS:Our meta-analysis suggested that MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism increased the risk of endometrial cancer significantly, especially in endometrioid and Type I endometrial cancer, indicating MDM2 could serve as a potential diagnostic factor marker for endometrial cancer.
| S-EPMC6310604 | biostudies-other
Project description:Bodyweight and fat distribution may be related to COPD risk. Limited prospective evidence linked COPD to abdominal adiposity. We investigated the association of body mass index (BMI) and measures of abdominal adiposity with COPD risk in a prospective cohort study.The China Kadoorie Biobank recruited participants aged 30-79 years from 10 areas across China. Anthropometric indexes were objectively measured at the baseline survey during 2004-2008. After exclusion of participants with prevalent COPD and major chronic diseases, 452 259 participants were included and followed-up until the end of 2016. We used Cox models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios relating adiposity to risk of COPD hospitalisation or death.Over an average of 10.1 years of follow-up, 10 739 COPD hospitalisation events and deaths were reported. Compared with subjects with normal BMI (18.5-<24.0 kg·m-2), underweight (BMI <18.5 kg·m-2) individuals had increased risk of COPD, with adjusted hazard ratio 1.78 (95% CI 1.66-1.89). Overweight (BMI 24.0-<28.0 kg·m-2) and obesity (BMI ≥28.0 kg·m-2) were not associated with an increased risk after adjustment for waist circumference. A higher waist circumference (≥85 cm for males and ≥80 cm for females) was positively associated with COPD risk after adjustment for BMI. Additionally, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio were positively related to COPD risk.Abdominal adiposity and underweight were risk factors for COPD in Chinese adults. Both BMI and measures of abdominal adiposity should be considered in the prevention of COPD.
| S-EPMC7236866 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Psoriasis has been shown to be related to an increased risk of asthma, although the results remain inconclusive. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to determine whether psoriasis increases the risk of asthma. METHODS:A comprehensive search of medical literature data bases was conducted through May 2017. The pooled odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS:A total of six studies with 66,772 psoriasis cases and 577,415 controls were included. Our meta-analysis showed that psoriasis was significantly associated with the increased risk of asthma (OR 1.32 [95% CI, 1.20-1.46]). The older age patients with psoriasis (≥50 years) (OR 1.64 [95% CI, 1.44-1.88]) had a higher risk of asthma susceptibility compared with the younger patients (20-49 years old) (OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.09-1.44]). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity indicated a significant increase in asthma risk in both Asian populations (OR 1.35 [95% CI, 1.18-1.54]) and white populations (OR 1.27 [95% CI, 1.05-1.54]) with psoriasis compared with those without psoriasis. CONCLUSION:Results of this meta-analysis indicated that the patients with psoriasis had a higher risk of asthma susceptibility, especially among the older patients with psoriasis.
| S-EPMC5827153 | biostudies-literature