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Relationships between Bone Turnover and Energy Metabolism.

ABSTRACT: It is well established that diabetes can be detrimental to bone health, and its chronic complications have been associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fracture. However, there is growing evidence that the skeleton plays a key role in a whole-organism approach to physiology. The hypothesis that bone may be involved in the regulation of physiological functions, such as insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism, has been suggested. Given the roles of insulin, adipokines, and osteocalcin in these pathways, the need for a more integrative conceptual approach to physiology is emphasized. Recent findings suggest that bone plays an important role in regulating intermediary metabolism, being possibly both a target of diabetic complications and a potential pathophysiologic factor in the disease itself. Understanding the relationships between bone turnover and glucose metabolism is important in order to develop treatments that might reestablish energy metabolism and bone health. This review describes new insights relating bone turnover and energy metabolism that have been reported in the literature.

SUBMITTER: Fernandes TAP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5485508 | biostudies-other | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:The association between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and bone metabolism has been discussed previously but is controversial. In this study we aimed to evaluate the association of bone turnover markers with glucose metabolism in Chinese population, in which 919 males and 4171 postmenopausal females in a region of Shanghai were recruited. Anthropometric and biochemical traits related to glucose and bone metabolism were analyzed. Participants were classified according to their glucose tolerance as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose regulation (IGR) or T2DM. Males and females were analyzed separately, and then associations between bone turnover markers (BTMs) and glucose metabolism were evaluated. The results showed that in females, the serum levels of N-terminal osteocalcin (N-MID), N-terminal procollagen of type I collagen (PINP) and ?-cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen (?-CTX) were significantly decreased in the T2DM group compared to the NGT group (P<0.01). When age, body mass index, serum lipids, fat percentage, visceral fat area, subcutaneous fat area, anti-diabetic medicines, PINP, N-MID and ?-CTX were included in one logistic model, N-MID (OR [95% CI]: 0.954 [0.932; 0.976]; P=0.0001) was significantly associated with T2DM in females. In females, N-MID was associated with insulin sensitivity and HOMA-?. PINP was significantly associated with HOMA-?, GUTT-ISI, Stumvoll first-phase insulin secretion index (STU-1) and Stumvoll second-phase insulin secretion index (STU-2), but ?-CTX was associated only with HOMA-? (?±SE: 0.1331±0.0311; P=1.95×10-5) and GUTT-ISI (?±SE: 0.0727±0.0229; P=0.0015). In males, N-MID was significantly correlated with HOMA-? (?±SE: 0.3439±0.0633; P=7.75×10-8), GUTT-ISI (?±SE: 0.1601±0.0531; P=0.0027) and STU-1 (?±SE: 0.2529±0.1033; P=0.0146). Significant associations were also detected between ?-CTX and HOMA-? (?±SE: 0.2736±0.0812; P=0.0009). This study reveals that BTMs are highly associated with T2DM, insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in both Chinese males and postmenopausal females.

Project description:L-Carnitine is critical for protection against bioaccumulation, long-chain fatty acid transportation and energy production. Energy production becomes important as the body maintains lean mass, repairs muscles and recovers from oxidative stress. The aim was to investigate the effects of supplemented L-carnitine on protein turnover (PT), energy expenditure (EE) and carnitine metabolism in muscle/serum of Labrador Retrievers. In a series of experiments, all dogs were fed a low-carnitine diet and sorted into one of two groups: L-carnitine (LC) supplemented daily with 125 mg L-carnitine and 3.75 g sucrose or placebo (P) supplemented with 4 g sucrose daily. The experiments consisted of analyses of muscle/serum for L-carnitine content (EXP1), a protein turnover experiment (EXP2) and analysis of substrate utilization via indirect calorimetry (EXP3). EXP1: 20 Labradors (10 M/10 F) performed a 13 week running regimen. L-Carnitine content was analysed in the serum and biceps femoris muscle before/after a 24.1 km run. LC serum had higher total (p < .001; p = .001), free (p < .001; p = .001) and esterified (p = .001; p = .003) L-carnitine pre- and post-run respectively. LC muscle had significantly higher free L-carnitine post-run (p = .034). EXP2: 26 Labs (13 M/13 F) performed a 60-day running regimen. For the final run, half of the Labradors from each treatment rested and half ran 24.1 km. Twenty-four Labradors received isotope infusion, and then, a biopsy of the biceps femoris of all 26 Labradors was taken to determine PT. Resting/exercised LC had a lower fractional breakdown rate (FBR) versus P group (p = .042). LC females had a lower FBR v. P females (p = .046). EXP3: Respiration of 16 Labradors (8 M/8 F) was measured via indirect calorimetry over 15 week. All dogs ran on a treadmill for 30 min at 30% VO2 max (6.5 kph), resulting in higher maximum and mean EE in LC females v. P females (p = .021; p = .035). Implications for theory, practice and future research are discussed.

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Relationships between Bone Turnover and Energy Metabolism.

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