Spastic quadriparesis due to pathological fracture of odontoid secondary to carcinoma prostate: A rare presentation.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Gill M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5490351 | biostudies-other | 2017 Apr-Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Purpose:Urethral carcinoma (UC), as a rare tumor, is not widely studied. There have been no systematic studies of rare pathological types of UC. We conducted this study to further investigate rare pathological types of primary urethral carcinoma (PUC). Materials and methods:We used the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to evaluate prognostic factors in rare pathological types of PUC. From 1978 to 2015, 2,651 and 257 cases were identified in the SEER database as common and rare pathological types of PUC, respectively. Overall and cancer-specific survival (CSS) times were computed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to evaluate patient age at diagnosis, gender, race, and TNM stage. Results:The median overall survival (OS) rates were 36 and 59 months for rare and common pathological groups, respectively, and their respective 10-year OS rates were 31.9% and 42.4%, respectively. The median CSS rate was 61 months for the rare pathological group. Through multivariate analysis, it was found that age, race, T stage, and M stage were independent prognostic risk factors for rare pathological type of urethral cancer. In the age group, the HR ratio of patients aged older than 60 years and younger or equal to 60 years was 2.778 (P<0.001). The HR ratio of other races to Whites was 1.444 (P=0.040). In TNM staging, the HR ratio between T3-T4 and Ta-T2 was 2.386 (P=0.046), and the HR value of M1 and M0 was 5.847 (P<0.001). Conclusion:Age, race, T stage, and M stage were predictive of OS and CSS in rare pathological PUC.
| S-EPMC6289122 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction and importanceProstatic leiomyosarcoma is a rare aggressive tumor. The presentation came with non-specific signs and symptoms likewise other forms of prostatic pathology like benign prostatic hyperplasia.Case presentationA 64 years old man presented to the emergency with a recurrent macroscopic hematuria, he was a heavy smoker and has reported lower urinary tract symptoms. On the physical examination, the patient was hemodynamically stable and afebrile. However, the digital rectal exam revealed an enlarged homogeneous prostate without any palpable nodule. Pelvic transabdominal ultrasound showed an enlarged prostate and a thickening of the bladder's left lateral wall. The CT-scan showed a large and heterogeneous mass arising from the left bladder wall measuring 100 mm, which extends through almost the entire bladder wall. Furthermore, the patient performed cystoscopy, performed by a Urology Professor, showing a normal urethra, a normal prostate gland, and a large solid bladder mass with multiple clots. Subsequently, multiple masses' biopsies were performed. The diagnosis of a primary protatic leomyosarcoma was based on the clinical findings and on the histopathological exam. The patient was prepared for a radical cystoprostatectomy, which would be performed by a Urology Professor, but he died of cardiac arrest before undergoing surgery.Clinical discussionThere are no specific clinical presentations of prostatic sarcoma, patients normally complain of urinary frequency and urinary urgency. Due to the lack of typical clinical symptoms, the tumor is easily overlooked or misdiagnosed as benign prostatic hyperplasia. In this case, the first symptom was a recurrent hematuria in a 64 years-old heavy smoker, which is a relatively rare obvious symptom according to literature. As showed in this case, recurrent hematuria may delay the diagnosis. Concerning the management of prostatic leiomyosarcoma, there are no standard recommendations. Multimodality combination treatments including surgery, pre or postoperative radiotherapy and neo or adjuvant chemotherapy have been used in the management of leiomyosarcoma of prostate.ConclusionProstatic leiomyosarcoma poses a unique diagnostic challenge, as clinical presentation alone may not always be suggestive, an unsual clinical presentation as recurrent hematuria must suggest a prostatic leimyosarcoma when associated with urinary frequency and urinary urgency. Histopathological examination and the FNCLCC grading system are essential for the definitive diagnosis. Multimodality treatment regimens including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are recommended.
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Project description:Primary transitional cell carcinoma arising from the anterior portion of the male urethra is rare, with no recent cases reported in the literature. We present a case of penile TCC with positive urine cytology and a delayed definitive diagnosis.
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Project description:Isolated radial head fractures are rare and comprise about 2% of all fractures around the elbow. Bilateral radial head fractures are even rarer and few cases have been reported. We present a case of bilateral elbow effusion in a 28-year-old male patient. An initial diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis was made but on investigation it turned out to be a case of bilateral radial head fracture. The patient was managed conservatively with 10 days of immobilisation in above elbow slab followed by active elbow range of movement exercises. On follow-up at 6 months, the patient had near normal range of movements without pain or elbow instability.
| S-EPMC5555247 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background Dural lesions in the anterior skull base may occur secondary to benign or malignant pathology that may be difficult to differentiate on imaging. Detailed clinical evaluation in many cases will narrow the differential diagnosis. In spite of using all the available information, in certain cases the underlying etiology of a lesion remains unclear. Participant We report a rare case of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma to a meningioma in a 67-year-old-man who presented with progressive confusion and mental status alterations with no prior history of malignancy. Neuroimaging revealed a large anterior skull base lesion. Results The lesion was surgically resected, and histopathology revealed a collision tumor, in which prostate adenocarcinoma was found admixed with a World Health Organization grade I meningioma. Conclusion Anterior dural skull base lesions can be either benign or malignant. Although infrequently reported, a benign-appearing dural-based lesion may be a manifestation of an underlying malignancy, and a thorough clinical, radiologic, and pathologic examination may be necessary, especially in the elderly.
| S-EPMC4110130 | biostudies-other
Project description:A 13-year-old boy presented with recurrent episodes of sudden brief posturing of the right upper and lower limbs accompanied by transient inability to speak and a tendency to smile which would sometimes break into laughter. Awareness was retained during the attack, and there was no associated emotional abnormality. The events were precipitated by walking and occurred several times in a day. The laughter was pathological in nature, and the abnormal posturing was akin to 'paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia' (PKD). 'Pathological laughter or crying' is defined as an involuntary, inappropriate, unmotivated laughter, crying or both, without any associated mood change. It can occur as a result of cerebral lesions like tumors, trauma, vascular insults, multiple sclerosis and/or degenerative disorders. It can also be a component of gelastic epilepsy which is characterized by stereotyped recurrences, presence of interictal and ictal epileptiform discharges and absence of external precipitants. In our patient, however, there was no ictal or interictal EEG correlate. Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia is characterized by intermittent, involuntary movements triggered by kinesigenic stimuli and is usually familial but can also be secondary to metabolic and structural brain disorders. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), in our case, revealed multiple T2 and FLAIR hyperintense, non-enhancing lesions in the periaqueductal gray matter, pontine and midbrain tegmentum, bilateral thalami and left lentiform nucleus suggesting a diagnosis of 'acute disseminated encephalomyelitis', in which this unique combination of pathological laughter and PKD has not been described so far. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) confirmed a demyelinating pathology, and the patient responded well to steroids.
| S-EPMC4150596 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The WHO definition of osteoporosis excludes cervical fractures. Recent studies suggest that atraumatic odontoid fractures (OF) may be favored by osteoporosis but global bone status for osteoporosis diagnosis has not been described. We present a case series of patients >65 years old hospitalized for low-energy OF who had an evaluation of their bone status within 3 months after fracture, including clinical risk factors of osteoporosis, bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) by dual X-ray absorptiometry, and laboratory tests. Osteoporosis was defined as a T-score ≤ -2.5 on at least one site, or a bone fragility fracture associated with a T-score ≤ -1 at one site. Thirty-three patients were hospitalized for OF, 30 of them as a consequence of a low-energy impact: 20 women and 10 men (mean age: 85 years). Eight patients died before bone evaluation, four refused, and six were lost to follow-up. Twelve patients were included: 11 women and one man (mean age: 83.8 years). Ten out of twelve patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria of osteoporosis, including eight with previous osteoporotic fractures (six severe fractures). Eight fulfilled specific treatment of osteoporosis criteria, but only two were treated. The mean follow-up period was 12.2 ± 4.1 months. Prior to OF occurrence, all lived at home and were independent; at the time of discharge, six went to a nursing home. At 3 months of follow-up (n = 10), one was dead and nine lived at home. At 12 months (n = 9), two were dead and seven lived at home. This study provides for the first time a classical evaluation of osteoporotic status for low-energy OF in the elderly and shows that it occurs in osteoporotic subjects. These preliminary results require larger-scale studies to determine whether OF could be considered as a severe osteoporotic fracture. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
| S-EPMC6478580 | biostudies-literature
Project description:STUDY DESIGN:Cost-effectiveness analysis. OBJECTIVE:To examine the cost-effectiveness of operative versus non-operative treatment of type-II odontoid fractures in patients older than 64 years old. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA:Significant controversy exists regarding the optimum treatment of geriatric patients with type-II odontoid fractures. Operative treatment leads to lower rates of non-union but carries surgical risks. Non-operative treatment does not carry surgical risks but has higher non-union rates. METHODS:A decision-analytic model was created to compare operative and non-operative treatment of type-II odontoid fractures among three age cohorts (65-74, 75-84, >84) based on expected costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs; cost per QALY gained). Age-specific mortality rates for both treatments, costs for treatment, and complication rates were taken from the literature, and data from 2010 US life tables were used for age-specific life expectancy. Costs of complications were estimated using data obtained at a level-I trauma center using micro-costing. Sensitivity analyses of all model parameters were conducted. RESULTS:Among the 65- to 74-year-old cohort, operative treatment was more costly ($53,407 vs. $30,553) and more effective (12.00 vs. 10.11 QALY), with an ICER of $12,078/QALY. Among the 75- to 84-year-old cohort, operative treatment was more costly ($51,308 vs. $29,789) and more effective (6.85 vs. 6.31 QALY), with an ICER of $40,467/QALY. Among the over-84 cohort, operative treatment was dominated by non-operative treatment as it was both more costly ($45,978 vs. $28,872) and less effective (2.48 vs. 3.73 QALY). The model was robust to sensitivity analysis across reasonable ranges for utility of union, disutility of complications and delayed surgery, and probabilities of non-union and complications. CONCLUSION:Operative treatment is cost-effective in patients age 65 to 84 when using $100,000/QALY as a benchmark but less effective and more costly than non-operative treatment in patients older than 84 years. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:2.
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Project description:Intramural gastric metastasis of the esophageal carcinoma, excluding the direct extension of primary neoplasm, is rare. However, intramural metastasis to the esophagus is commoner than this. These are more common in squamous cell carcinoma variant. This signifies a poor prognosis. It is due to the spread of pathology through the intramural lymphatic channels. Sometimes the metastatic lesion is more extensive in volume than the primary. This is more often diagnosed on histopathology in postoperative specimens. We share our imaging experience with surface esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with giant intramural gastric metastasis infiltrating the liver in a 39-year-old male. Due to its rarity, and secondary lesion being more extensive than the primary leads to misinterpretation and wrong diagnosis. Knowledge of this rare phenomenon can prevent misdiagnosis, fasten the imaging workup, and ultimately improve the patient's survival.
| S-EPMC9030344 | biostudies-literature