Associations between daily living skills, cognition, and real-world functioning across stages of schizophrenia; a study with the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale Japanese version.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Higuchi Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5514300 | biostudies-other | 2017 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundThe Chinese version of the Activities of Daily Living Rating Scale III (ADLRS-III), which has 10 domains, is commonly used for assessing activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with schizophrenia. However, construct validity (i.e., unidimensionality) for each domain of the ADLRS-III is unknown, limiting the explanations of the test results.PurposeThis main purpose of this study was to examine unidimensionality of each domain in the ADLRS-III. We also examined internal consistency and ceiling/floor effects in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsFrom occupational therapy records, we obtained 304 self-report data of the ADLRS-III. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the 10 one-factor structures. If a domain showed an insufficient model fit, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to investigate the factor structure and choose one factor representing the original construct. Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach's alpha (?). Ceiling and floor effects were determined by the percentage of patients with the maximum and minimum scores in each domain, respectively.ResultsCFA analyses showed that 4 domains (i.e., leisure, picture recognition, literacy ability, communication tools use) had sufficient model fits. These 4 domains had acceptable internal consistency (? = 0.79-0.87) and no ceiling/floor effects, except the leisure domain which had a ceiling effect. The other 6 domains showed insufficient model fits. The EFA results showed that these 6 domains were two-factor structures.ConclusionThe results supported unidimensional constructs of the leisure, picture recognition, literacy ability, and communication tool uses domains. The sum scores of these 4 domains can be used to represent their respective domain-specific functions. Regarding the 6 domains with insufficient model fits, we have explained the two factors of each domain and chosen one factor to represent its original construct. Future users may use the items from the chosen factors to assess domain-specific functions in patients with schizophrenia.
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Project description:This study aimed to validate the Computerized UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (C-UPSA), a newly developed scale for assessing functional capacity in patients with schizophrenia.The C-UPSA was administered to 21 middle-aged and older adults with schizophrenia and 20 healthy comparison (HC) subjects. Schizophrenia participants also completed the original UPSA and a symptom inventory (during a separate visit), and cognitive functioning was assessed in both groups using a brief neuropsychological screening battery.The C-UPSA total score was significantly correlated with UPSA total scores, and the magnitude of the correlation was comparable to the test-retest reliability of the original UPSA. The C-UPSA was also significantly correlated with UPSA-Brief scores and neuropsychological status among schizophrenia participants. Furthermore, the schizophrenia group scored significantly lower than the HCs on the C-UPSA. ROC curves were generated to determine the optimal C-UPSA value for discriminating between the two groups, with results indicating an optimal cutoff of 75, which is consistent with the derived cutoff from the original UPSA. The C-UPSA identified persons with schizophrenia with 95% accuracy.The C-UPSA appears to be highly related to the original UPSA. It has several advantages over the standard version, including increased portability, decreased administration time, and minimized examiner impact on participant performance. Future research would benefit from establishing this test as a clinical and research tool to effectively assess functional capacity.
| S-EPMC3572290 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cognitive functioning can be assessed with performance-based assessments such as neuropsychological tests and with interview-based assessments. Both assessment methods have the potential to assess whether treatments for schizophrenia improve clinically relevant aspects of cognitive impairment. However, little is known about the reliability, validity and treatment responsiveness of interview-based measures, especially in the context of clinical trials. Data from two studies were utilized to assess these features of the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS). One of the studies was a validation study involving 79 patients with schizophrenia assessed at 3 academic research centers in the US. The other study was a 32-site clinical trial conducted in the US and Europe comparing the effects of encenicline, an alpha-7 nicotine agonist, to placebo in 319 patients with schizophrenia. The SCoRS interviewer ratings demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability in several different circumstances, including those that did not involve treatment (ICC> 0.90), and during treatment (ICC>0.80). SCoRS interviewer ratings were related to cognitive performance as measured by the MCCB (r=-0.35), and demonstrated significant sensitivity to treatment with encenicline compared to placebo (P<.001). These data suggest that the SCoRS has potential as a clinically relevant measure in clinical trials aiming to improve cognition in schizophrenia, and may be useful for clinical practice. The weaknesses of the SCoRS include its reliance on informant information, which is not available for some patients, and reduced validity when patient's self-report is the sole information source.
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Project description:BackgroundThe number of mobile health (mHealth) apps continues to rise each year. Widespread use of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) has allowed objective and multidimensional evaluation of the quality of these apps. However, no Japanese version of MARS has been made available to date.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were (1) to develop a Japanese version of MARS and (2) to assess the translated version's reliability and validity in evaluating mHealth apps.MethodsTo develop the Japanese version of MARS, cross-cultural adaptation was used using a universalist approach. A total of 50 mental health apps were evaluated by 2 independent raters. Internal consistency and interrater reliability were then calculated. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed using multitrait scaling analysis and concurrent validity.ResultsAfter cross-cultural adaptation, all 23 items from the original MARS were included in the Japanese version. Following translation, back-translation, and review by the author of the original MARS, a Japanese version of MARS was finalized. Internal consistency was acceptable by all subscales of objective and subjective quality (Cronbach α=.78-.89). Interrater reliability was deemed acceptable, with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranging from 0.61 to 0.79 for all subscales, except for "functionality," which had an ICC of 0.40. Convergent/divergent validity and concurrent validity were also considered acceptable. The rate of missing responses was high in several items in the "information" subscale.ConclusionsA Japanese version of MARS was developed and shown to be reliable and valid to a degree that was comparable to the original MARS. This Japanese version of MARS can be used as a standard to evaluate the quality and credibility of mHealth apps.
| S-EPMC9052018 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Specific Levels of Functioning Scale (SLOF) has been reported to provide a measure of social function in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this multi-center study was to determine convergent validity of the Japanese version of SLOF, and if cognitive insight would be associated with social function. Fifty-eight patients with schizophrenia participated in the study. Social function, neurocognition, and daily activity skills were evaluated by the Social Functioning Scale (SFS), Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) and UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment-Brief (UPSA-B), respectively. We also assessed cognitive insight with the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS). Significant relationships were noted between scores on the SLOF vs. those of the SFS, BACS, UPSA-B, and BCIS. Specifically, the correlation between performance on the UPSA-B and SLOF scores was significantly more robust compared to the correlation between performance on the UPSA-B and scores on the SFS. Similarly, the correlation between scores on the BACS and SLOF tended to be more robust than that between the BACS and SFS. Importantly, while the correlation between scores on the BCIS and SLOF reached significance, it was not so between scores on the BCIS and SFS. The SLOF Japanese version was found to provide a measure of social consequences in patients with schizophrenia. Importantly, this study is the first to indicate the relationship between cognitive insight and social function evaluated by the SLOF. This finding is consistent with the observation that SLOF scores were considerably associated with performances on objective functional measures.
| S-EPMC5514305 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveTo characterize variability in daily life functioning among individuals with serious mental illness based on a naturalistic performance measure of grocery shopping and standard neuropsychological tasks using cluster analytic methods.MethodsA naturalistic performance measure, the Test of Grocery Shopping Skills (TOGSS), and standard neuropsychological tasks, were completed by 191 participants with serious mental illness. Hierarchical cluster analytic techniques were used to explore functional subgroups based on naturalistic performance measure variables. Multivariate analyses of variance were utilized to compare subgroups on TOGSS variables and neuropsychological measures, respectively.ResultsTwo distinct functional subgroups emerged from the cluster analysis. On average, participants in cluster one were faster, more efficient, and more accurate compared to cluster two. Based on performance on neuropsychological tasks, cluster one had better verbal memory, visual attention, and processing speed, and executive functioning scores, compared to cluster two. The clusters did not differ on a measure of auditory working memory.Conclusions and implications for practiceNaturalistic performance measures can assist with characterizing the heterogeneity in real life functioning among people with serious mental illness. Further work to illuminate the relationship between specific cognitive abilities and specific functional abilities is warranted and may assist with targeting effective treatment plans for functional recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Project description:Although cognition is one of the most important predictors of community functioning in schizophrenia, little is known about the causes of this correlation. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the extent to which this correlation is genetically mediated and whether the genetic correlation is specific to schizophrenia. Six hundred thirty-six participants from 43 multigenerational families with at least two relatives with schizophrenia and 135 unrelated controls underwent diagnostic interview and cognition and functioning assessment. Quantitative genetic analyses were conducted using maximum-likelihood variance decomposition methods implemented in SOLAR (Almasy & Blangero, 1998). Among patients with schizophrenia, cognition and community functioning were positively correlated and genetic effects shared between them were significant contributors to this relationship whereas environmental effects shared between them were not. In contrast, genetic effects were not shared significantly between cognition in depressed or nondiagnosed relatives and community functioning in schizophrenia. In all analyses, the contributions of social cognition to community functioning were accounted for by general cognition. These findings support heritable factors that contribute to the correlation between cognition and community functioning that are relatively specific to schizophrenia and are not significantly shared with depression or a lack of psychopathology. This suggests the possibility of identifying specific genetic variants that contribute to this correlation and to these important individual differences among schizophrenia patients. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Project description:Social cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia and plays a critical role in poor community functioning in the disorder. However, our understanding of the relationship between key biological variables and social cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is limited. This study examined the effect of sex on the levels of social cognitive impairment and the relationship between social cognitive impairment and social functioning in schizophrenia. Two hundred forty-eight patients with schizophrenia (61 female) and 87 healthy controls (31 female) completed five objective measures and one subjective measure of social cognition. The objective measures included the Facial Affect Identification, Emotion in Biological Motion, Self-Referential Memory, MSCEIT Branch 4, and Empathic Accuracy tasks. The subjective measure was the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), which includes four subscales. Patients completed measures of social and non-social functional capacity and community functioning. For objective social cognitive tasks, we found a significant sex difference only on one measure, the MSCEIT Branch 4, which in both patient and control groups, females performed better than males. Regarding the IRI, females endorsed higher empathy-related items on one subscale. The moderating role of sex was found only for the association between objective social cognition and non-social functional capacity. The relationship was stronger in male patients than female patients. In this study, we found minimal evidence of a sex effect on social cognition in schizophrenia across subjective and objective measures. Sex does not appear to moderate the association between social cognition and functioning in schizophrenia.
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Project description:BackgroundPrimary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is an extremely rare condition; therefore, to date no clinical studies have been conducted. The Primary Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (PLSFRS) was developed in the United States of America. The PLSFRS is a crucial assessment scale for international collaborative research and future clinical trials for PLS. It is useful for evaluating medical conditions through face-to-face assessments and telephone interviews such as when a face-to-face assessment is not possible due to disasters or the burden of hospital visits. This study assessed the reliability and consistency of in-person and telephone interviews using the Japanese version of the PLSFRS.MethodsWe enrolled 19 Japanese patients who met the specific criteria for inclusion at the six collaborating institutions. The PLSFRS assessments were performed by two evaluators at defined time points and analyzed for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and consistency between the in-person and telephone interviews.ResultsThe Japanese version of the PLSFRS was developed by a specialized company and translator, and modified to consider the Japanese lifestyle through a consensus among motor neuron specialists. The quadratic-weighted kappa coefficients for the intra-rater and the inter-rater agreement were substantial (intra-rater: 0.691-1.000, inter-rater: 0.634-1.000). Moreover, the intraclass correlation coefficient for the PLSFRS total score was 0.997 (95% confidence interval, 0.992-0.999).ConclusionsThis study provides results regarding the Japanese version of the PLSFRS intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and consistency between in-person and telephone interviews.
| S-EPMC11320838 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundInterpersonal trauma (IPT) is highly prevalent among HIV-positive (HIV+) individuals, but its relationship with brain morphology and function is poorly understood.SettingThis cross-sectional analysis evaluated the associations of IPT with cognitive task performance, daily functioning, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain cortical thickness, and bilateral volumes of 4 selected basal ganglia regions in a US-based cohort of aviremic HIV+ individuals, with (HIV+ IPT+) and without IPT exposure (HIV+ IPT-), and sociodemographically matched HIV-negative controls with (HIV- IPT+) and without IPT exposure (HIV- IPT-).MethodsEnrollees completed brain MRI scans, a semistructured psychiatric interview, a neurocognitive battery, and 3 measures of daily functioning. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the 4 groups were described, and pairwise between-group comparisons performed using χ tests, analysis of variance, or t-tests. Linear or Poisson regressions evaluated relationships between group status and the outcomes of interest, in 6 pairwise comparisons, using Bonferroni correction for statistical significance.ResultsAmong 187 participants (mean age 50.0 years, 63% male, 64% non-white), 102 were HIV+ IPT+, 35 were HIV+ IPT-, 26 were HIV- IPT-, and 24 were HIV- IPT+. Compared with the remaining 3 groups, the HIV+ IPT+ group had more activities of daily living declines, higher number of impaired Patient's Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory scores, and lower cortical thickness in multiple cerebral regions. Attention/working memory test performances were significantly better in HIV- IPT- compared with the HIV+ IPT+ and HIV+ IPT- groups. Basal ganglia MRI volumes were not significantly different in any between-group comparisons.ConclusionIPT exposure and HIV infection have a synergistic effect on daily functioning and cortical thickness in aviremic HIV+ individuals.
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