Curcumin attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats through induction of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Cui X
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5526188 | biostudies-other | 2017 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates, with an estimated global incidence of 3/1,000 live births. HIE brain damage is associated with an inflammatory response and oxidative stress, resulting in the activation of cell death pathways. At present, therapeutic hypothermia is the only clinically approved treatment available for HIE. This approach, however, is only partially effective. Therefore, there is an unmet clinical need for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for the treatment of HIE. Curcumin is an antioxidant reactive oxygen species scavenger, with reported anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. Curcumin has been shown to attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction, stabilize the cell membrane, stimulate proliferation, and reduce injury severity in adult models of spinal cord injury, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. The role of curcumin in neonatal HIE has not been widely studied due to its low bioavailability and limited aqueous solubility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin treatment in neonatal HIE, including time of administration and dose-dependent effects. Our results indicate that curcumin administration prior to HIE in neonatal mice elevated cell and tissue loss, as well as glial activation compared to HI alone. However, immediate post-treatment with curcumin was significantly neuroprotective, reducing grey and white matter tissue loss, TUNEL+ cell death, microglia activation, reactive astrogliosis, and iNOS oxidative stress when compared to vehicle-treated littermates. This effect was dose-dependent, with 200 μg/g body weight as the optimal dose-regimen, and was maintained when curcumin treatment was delayed by 60 or 120 min post-HI. Cell proliferation measurements showed no changes between curcumin and HI alone, suggesting that the protective effects of curcumin on the neonatal brain following HI are most likely due to curcumin's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as seen in the reduced glial and iNOS activity. In conclusion, this study suggests curcumin as a potent neuroprotective agent with potential for the treatment of HIE. The delayed application of curcumin further increases its clinical relevance.
| S-EPMC6863777 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible Phase 2 enzyme that degrades toxic heme; its role in cerebral ischemia is not fully understood. We hypothesize that chemically induced HO-1 upregulation with the novel triterpenoid CDDO-Im (2-cyano-3,12 dioxooleana-1,9 dien-28-oyl imidazoline), a robust inducer of Phase 2 genes, protects neurons against ischemic injury.Using 3 different models of ischemia, including oxygen-glucose deprivation in neuronal cultures, global ischemia in rats, and focal ischemia in mice, we determined (1) whether CDDO-Im induces HO-1 expression and protects against ischemic injury; and (2) whether HO-1 inhibition disrupts the neuroprotective effect of CDDO-Im.CDDO-Im treatment (50-300 nmol/L) resulted in 8-fold HO-1 upregulation in cultured neurons and protected against oxygen-glucose deprivation. The protection was abolished when the cultures were transfected with nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) like-2-shRNA or coincubated with tin protoporphyrin IX, a specific HO-1 inhibitor. In the rat model of global ischemia, intracerebroventricular infusion of CDDO-Im (0.5-1.5 ?g) augmented HO-1 expression in hippocampal neurons and resulted in significant increases in CA1 neuronal survival after global ischemia. To further strengthen the clinical relevance of the CDDO-Im treatment, we tested its effects in the mouse model of temporary focal ischemia (60 minutes). Postischemic intraperitoneal injection of CDDO-Im (10-100 ?g) enhanced HO-1 expression and significantly reduced neurological dysfunction and infarct volume. Intracerebroventricular infusion of tin protoporphyrin IX reduced the neuroprotective effect of CDDO-Im against global and focal ischemia.CDDO-Im confers neuroprotection against ischemic injury by upregulating HO-1, suggesting that enhance of HO-1 expression may be a legitimate strategy for therapeutic intervention of stroke.
| S-EPMC3335928 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Increases in visceral fat are associated with increased inflammation, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and vascular dysfunction. We examined the effect of the potent heme oxygenase (HO)-1 inducer, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), on regulation of adiposity and glucose levels in both female and male obese mice. Both lean and obese mice were administered CoPP intraperitoneally (3 mg/kg once per week) for 6 weeks. Serum levels of adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor ? (TNFa), interleukin (IL)-1? and IL-6, and HO-1, PPAR?, pAKT, and pAMPK protein expression in adipocytes and vascular tissue were measured. While female obese mice continued to gain weight at a rate similar to controls, induction of HO-1 slowed the rate of weight gain in male obese mice. HO-1 induction led to lowered blood pressure levels in obese male and female mice similar to that of lean male and female mice. HO-1 induction also produced a significant decrease in the plasma levels of IL-6, TNF?, IL-1?, and fasting glucose of obese females compared to untreated female obese mice. HO-1 induction increased the number and decreased the size of adipocytes of obese animals. HO-1 induction increased adiponectin, pAKT, pAMPK, and PPAR? levels in adipocyte of obese animals. Induction of HO-1 in adipocytes was associated with an increase in adiponectin and a reduction in inflammatory cytokines. These findings offer the possibility of treating not only hypertension, but also other detrimental metabolic consequences of obesity including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in obese populations by induction of HO-1 in adipocytes.
| S-EPMC3031103 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress-inducible protein with a potential anti-inflammatory effect, plays an important role in skin injury and wound healing. However, the function of HO-1 in cutaneous inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, remains unknown. The abnormal activation of Stat3, a known transcription factor that induces inflammation and regulates cell differentiation, is directly involved in the pathogenesis and development of psoriasis. Hence, targeting Stat3 is potentially beneficial in the treatment of psoriasis. In this study, HO-1 activation significantly alleviated the disease-related pathogenesis abnormality. To determine the mechanism by which HO-1 exerts immune protection on Th17-related cytokines, IL6/IL22-induced Stat3 activation was significantly suppressed, accompanied by decreased cell proliferation and reversed abnormal cell proliferation. Importantly, HO-1-induced Stat3 suppression was mediated through the activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Overall, our study provides direct evidence indicating that HO-1 might be a useful therapeutic target for psoriasis. SHP-1-mediated suppression of Stat3 activation after HO-1 activation is a unique molecular mechanism for the regulation of Stat3 activation.
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Project description:Osteoarthritis (OA) is common age-associated disease, and associated with joint pain, mobility limitations and compromised overall quality of life. OA treatment is currently limited to pain management and joint arthroplasty at end stage disease. Oxidative damage to cartilage extracellular matrix and cells is an important mechanism in joint aging and OA pathogenesis. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo models of OA suggests that pharmaceuticals and natural compounds with antioxidant properties reduce expression of mediators of OA pathogenesis and OA severity in animal models. Among the signaling pathways that control cellular protective mechanisms against oxygen radical damage is heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We recently report HO-1 reduced OA severity in a mouse model. This led to the hypothesis that compounds that increase HO-1 expression have therapeutic potential in OA. Carnosic acid (CA), a natural diterpene with oxidant activity, is prevents cartilage degeneration though induction of HO-1. CA induced HO-1 and miR-140 expression in human articular chondrocytes, and cartilage degeneration was attenuated by CA treatment. Induced HO-1 by CA was in part associated with downregulation via miR-140 binding to 3'UTR of BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1). These findings suggest that CA attenuates cartilage degradation through HO-1 upregulation and has potential as a supplement for OA prevention.
| S-EPMC6240351 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a type of brain damage that is caused by perinatal asphyxia and serious damages the central nervous system. At present, there is no effective drug for the treatment of this disease. Besides, the pathogenesis of HIBD remains elusive. While studies have shown that ferroptosis plays an important role in HIBD, its role and mechanism in HIBD are yet to be fully understood.MethodsThe HIBD model of neonatal rats was established using the Rice-Vannucci method. A complete medium of PC12 cells was adjusted to a low-sugar medium, and the oxygen-glucose deprivation model was established after continuous hypoxia for 12 h. Laser Doppler blood flow imaging was used to detect the blood flow intensity after modeling. 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining was employed to detect ischemic cerebral infarction in rat brain tissue, and hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe brain injury and mitochondrial damage. Immunofluorescence was applied to monitor the expression of GFAP. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunofluorescence were utilized to detect the expression of messenger RNA and protein. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells was detected using the ROS detection kit.ResultsThe results showed that ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) significantly alleviated the brain injury caused by hypoxia and ischemia. Fer-1 significantly increased the expression of SLC3A2, SLC7A11, ACSL3, GSS, and GPX4 (P<0.05) and dramatically decreased the expressions of GFAP, ACSL4, TFRC, FHC, FLC, 4-HNE, HIF-1α, and ROS (P<0.05).ConclusionsFer-1 inhibits ferroptosis and alleviates HIBD by potentially targeting the GPX4/ACSL3/ACSL4 axis; however, its specific mechanism warrants further exploration.
| S-EPMC10730959 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hypoxia-inducible factor promotes erythropoiesis through coordinated cell type-specific hypoxia responses. GATA1 is essential to normal erythropoiesis and plays a crucial role in erythroid differentiation. In this study, we show that hypoxia-induced GATA1 expression is mediated by HIF1 in erythroid cells. Under hypoxic conditions, significantly increased GATA1 mRNA and protein levels were detected in K562 cells and erythroid induction cultures of CD34(+) haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Enforced HIF1α expression increased GATA1 expression, while HIF1α knockdown by RNA interference decreased GATA1 expression. In silico analysis revealed one potential hypoxia response element (HRE). The results from reporter gene and mutation analysis suggested that this element is necessary for hypoxic response. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR showed that the putative HRE was recognized and bound by HIF1 in vivo. These results demonstrate that the up-regulation of GATA1 during hypoxia is directly mediated by HIF1.The mRNA expression of some erythroid differentiation markers was increased under hypoxic conditions, but decreased with RNA interference of HIF1α or GATA1. Flow cytometry analysis also indicated that hypoxia, desferrioxamine or CoCl(2) induced expression of erythroid surface markers CD71 and CD235a, while expression repression of HIF1α or GATA1 by RNA interference led to a decreased expression of CD235a. These results suggested that HIF1-mediated GATA1 up-regulation promotes erythropoiesis in order to satisfy the needs of an organism under hypoxic conditions.
| S-EPMC3822700 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) can exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with increased inflammation and influx of proinflammatory cells and mediators in the airspaces and lung parenchyma. In this study, we demonstrate that pterostilbene 4'-?-glucoside (4-PG), the glycosylated form of the antioxidant pterostilbene (PTER), can protect against lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa- (P. aeruginosa-) induced ALI when applied as a pretreatment or therapeutic post-treatment, via the induction of HO-1. To determine whether HO-1 mediates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of 4-PG, we subjected mice genetically deficient in Hmox-1 to LPS-induced ALI and evaluated histological changes, HO-1 expression, and proinflammatory cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. 4-PG exhibited protective effects on LPS- or P. aeruginosa-induced ALI by ameliorating pathological changes in lung tissue and decreasing proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, HO-1 expression was significantly increased by 4-PG in cells and in mouse lung tissues. The glycosylated form of pterostilbene (4-PG) was more effective than PTER in inducing HO-1 expression. Genetic deletion of Hmox-1 abolished the protective effects of 4-PG against LPS-induced inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we found that 4-PG decreased both intracellular ROS levels and mitochondrial (mt) ROS production in a manner dependent on HO-1. Pharmacological application of the HO-1 reaction product carbon monoxide (CO), but not biliverdin or iron, conferred protection in Hmox-1-deficient macrophages. Taken together, these results demonstrate that 4-PG can increase HO-1 expression, which plays a critical role in ameliorating intracellular and mitochondrial ROS production, as well as in downregulating inflammatory responses induced by LPS. Therefore, these findings strongly suggest that HO-1 mediates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of 4-PG.
| S-EPMC6218729 | biostudies-other
Project description:Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a major pathology encountered after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury. Accumulation of unfolded proteins triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), resulting in the activation of pro-apoptotic cascades that lead to cell death. Here, we identified Bax inhibitor 1 (BI-1), an evolutionarily conserved protein encoded by the transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif-containing 6 (TMBIM6) gene, as a novel modulator of ER-stress-induced apoptosis after HI brain injury in a neonatal rat pup. The main objective of our study was to overexpress BI-1, via viral-mediated gene delivery of human adenoviral-TMBIM6 (Ad-TMBIM6) vector, to investigate its anti-apoptotic effects as well as to elucidate its signaling pathways in an in vivo neonatal HI rat model and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model. Ten-day-old unsexed Sprague Dawley rat pups underwent right common carotid artery ligation followed by 1.5 h of hypoxia. Rat pups injected with Ad-TMBIM6 vector, 48 h pre-HI, showed a reduction in relative infarcted area size, attenuated neuronal degeneration and improved long-term neurological outcomes. Furthermore, silencing of BI-1 or further activating the IRE1α branch of the UPR, using a CRISPR activation plasmid, was shown to reverse the protective effects of BI-1. Based on our in vivo and in vitro data, the protective effects of BI-1 are mediated via inhibition of IRE1α signaling and in part via inhibition of the second stress sensor receptor, PERK. Overall, this study showed a novel role for BI-1 and ER stress in the pathophysiology of HI and could provide a basis for BI-1 as a potential therapeutic target.
| S-EPMC6898997 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a crucial cause of neonatal death and neurological sequelae, but currently there is no effective therapy drug for HIE. Both oxidative stress and apoptosis play critical roles in the pathological development of HIE. Myricetin, a naturally extracted flavonol compound, exerts remarkable effects against oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. However, the role and underlying molecular mechanism of myricetin on HIE remain unclear. Methods: In this study, we established the neonatal rats hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage model in vivo and CoCl2 induced PC12 cell model in vitro to explore the neuroprotective effects of myricetin on HI injury, and illuminate the potential mechanism. Results: Our results showed that myricetin intervention could significantly reduce brain infarction volume, glia activation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress marker levels through activating NRF2 (Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2) and increase the expressions of NRF2 downstream proteins NQO-1 and HO-1. In addition, the NRF2 inhibitor ML385 could significantly reverse the effects of myricetin. Conclusion: This study found that myricetin might alleviate oxidative stress and apoptosis through NRF2 signaling pathway to exert the protective role for HI injury, which suggested that myricetin might be a promising therapeutic agent for HIE.
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