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Temperature Rises in the Pulp Chamber with Different Techniques of Orthodontic Adhesive Removal.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the temperature rises in the pulp chamber and time spent with different techniques for orthodontic resin adhesive removal.Adhesive removal was performed in 20 extracted human maxillary second premolars with five techniques: high-speed tungsten carbide burs with water-cooling (BurH-cool) and without cooling (BurH), low-speed carbide burs (BurL), low-speed aluminum-oxide discs (DiscL), and low-speed fiberglass burs (BurFGL). Pulp chamber temperature was measured with a thermocouple probe and time spent was recorded with a digital stopwatch. Comparisons of temperature rise and time between the techniques were performed with Analysis of variance and Tukey's Honestly test. Correlation between variables was investigated with Pearson's correlation coefficient.Temperature rise and time were statistically different between techniques and showed a positive correlation between them (r=0.826) (P<0.01). BurH-cool provoked the lowest temperature rise and BurFGL the highest (P<0.01). Temperature rises were higher with DiscL than with BurH and BurL (P<0.01), which showed no statistical differences between them (P>0.05). The fastest technique was BurH-cool followed by BurL, BurH, DiscL and BurFGL (P<0.01).BurH-cool, BurH and BurL are safe adhesive removal techniques, whereas DiscL and BurFGL may damage pulp tissues. Time spent on adhesive removal has direct effect on temperature rise in the pulp chamber.

SUBMITTER: Mezomo MB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5527211 | biostudies-other | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:BackgroundTermination of fixed orthodontic treatment is associated with bracket debonding and residual adhesive removal. These procedures increase enamel roughness to a degree that should depend on the tool used. Enamel roughening may be associated with bacterial retention and staining. However, a very limited data exists on the alteration of 3D enamel roughness resulting from the use of different tools for orthodontic clean-up.Aims1. To perform a precise assessment of 3D enamel surface roughness resulting from residual adhesive removal following orthodontic debonding molar tubes. 2. To compare enamel surfaces resulting from the use of tungsten carbide bur, a one-step polisher and finisher and Adhesive Residue Remover.Material and methodsBuccal surfaces of forty-five extracted human third molars were analysed using a confocal laser microscope at the magnification of 1080× and 3D roughness parameters were calculated. After 20 s etching, molar tubes were bonded, the teeth were stored in 0.9% saline solution for 24 hours and debonded. Residual adhesive was removed using in fifteen specimen each: a twelve-fluted tungsten carbide bur, a one-step finisher and polisher and Adhesive Residue Remover. Then, surface roughness analysis was repeated. Data normality was assessed using Shapiro-Wilk test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare between variables of normal distribution and for the latter-Kruskal-Wallis test.ResultsSa (arithmetical mean height) was significantly different between the groups (p = 0, 01326); the smoothest and most repeatable surfaces were achieved using Adhesive Residue Remover. Similarly, Sq (root mean square height of the scale-limited surface) had the lowest and most homogenous values for Adhesive Residue Remover (p = 0, 01108). Sz (maximum height of the scale-limited surface) was statistically different between the groups (p = 0, 0327), however no statistically significant differences were found concerning Ssk (skewness of the scale-limited surface).DiscussionConfocal laser microscopy allowed 3D surface analysis of enamel surface, avoiding the limitations of contact profilometry. Tungsten carbide burs are the most popular adhesive removing tools, however, the results of the present study indicate, that a one step polisher and finisher as well as Adhesive Residue Remover are less detrimental to the enamel. This is in agreement with a recent study based on direct 3D scanning enamel surface. It proved, that a one-step finisher and polisher as well as Adhesive Residue Remover are characterized by a similar effectiveness in removing residual remnants as tungsten carbide bur, but they remove significantly less enamel.ConclusionOrthodontic debonding and removal of adhesive remnants increases enamel roughness. The smoothest surfaces were achieved using Adhesive Residue Remover, and the roughest using tungsten carbide bur.

Project description:IntroductionAn increase in the temperature of the pulp chamber occurs during polymerisation of all types of light-curing resin-containing restorative materials, due to both the exothermic reaction of the material and the energy absorbed during the curing process. Increase in temperature of the pulp chamber of primary teeth during the curing process or the thermal conductivity properties of coloured compomers (CCs) have not yet been investigated in detail. The aim of the present study was to investigate the increase in pulpal temperature in primary teeth during curing of CCs.Materials and methodsA Class-II cavity was prepared on the extracted primary mandibular second molar. Pulpal microcirculation of the tooth was performed using an experimental mechanism. The study included 15 groups and 10 experiments in each. Seven different CCs: pink, blue, gold, silver, orange, lemon, green, respectively from two different manufacturers (Groups 1-7: Twinky Star; VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany. Groups 8-14: Nova Rainbow; IMICRYL, Konya, Turkey.) and a tooth-CC (Group 15: Dyract XP; DENTSPLY, Weybridge, UK.) were applied in prepared cavity. In all groups the compomers were light cured for 40 s. Intrapulpal temperature changes (Δt) in 20th and 40th second were recorded. In Group-15 the Δt values in 10th second were also recorded as per the manufacturer's instructions. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney-U test were used for statistical analyses.ResultsAt the end of 40-s irradiation time, the orange, lemon and green colours of Nova Rainbow resulted in significantly lower Δt values than the same colours of Twinky Star (p = 0.0001), and silver, blue, lemon, green, orange, and pink CCs of Nova Rainbow and the blue and silver shades of Twinky Star demonstrated lower Δt values than the reported critical temperature increase (5.5 °C).ConclusionAn increase in the irradiation time consequently led to an increase in the intrapulpal temperature. Therefore, manufacturers should focus on production of new CCs with shorter polimerization time.

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Temperature Rises in the Pulp Chamber with Different Techniques of Orthodontic Adhesive Removal.

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