Histopathological Analysis of Skin Adnexal Tumors: A Three Year Study of 110 Cases at A Tertiary Care Center.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kaur K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5527722 | biostudies-other | 2017 Jul-Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:IntroductionWhipple procedure is one of the major surgeries performed in tertiary care centers. Once considered a high mortality procedure is now being practicing with mortality declining to less than 5%. This study describes our five-year experience of the Whipple procedure in terms of preoperative, operative, and postoperative parameters of patients undergoing surgery in a local tertiary care setting.Material and methodsThis was a non-randomized interventional study that was conducted at the Surgical Department of Services Hospital Lahore from January 2014 to December 2018. A total of 57 Whipple procedures were performed during this period. Demographic data, presenting symptoms, physical signs, past medical history, preoperative stenting details, intra-operative duration of surgery, postoperative course and complications, pathology, and causes of postoperative death were collected on a pre-designed questionnaire. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA).ResultsOut of 57 patients, 19 were females and 38 were males. The mean age of patients was 53±05 years. The most common presenting symptom was jaundice 39 (68.4%), followed by abdominal pain 32 (56.1%). The mean size of the tumor on CT-scan was 2.8±1.4 cm, the mean operation time was 315±38.3 min, mean blood loss during surgery was 500±130 ml, and mean hospital stay was 10±6 days. The major postoperative complication was the pancreatic fistula (12%). Twenty-one out of 39 patients presented with jaundice had undergone preoperative biliary stenting by endoscopic retrograde biliary stenting. The most common histological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma of pancreas 19 (33.3%). Out of 57 patients, nine (15.8%) patients expired in the first 30 days and the most frequent cause of mortality was septic shock.ConclusionIn this study, the most common presentation of patients undergoing Whipple procedure was obstructive jaundice, the most frequent operative complication was pancreatic fistula, and the most prevalent histopathology was carcinoma of the pancreas. Perioperative parameters such as mean operative time, mean blood loss during surgery, and mean length of hospital stay were comparable with other studies. However, mortality in this study was slightly higher. It can be concluded that with meticulous surgical technique, securing hemostasis strictly and standard critical care postoperatively can decrease morbidity and mortality after the Whipple procedure.
| S-EPMC7733773 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate treatment options for orbital floor fractures at a Level 1 Trauma Center in Southern California. A review of 45 cases of isolated orbital floor fractures treated at the University of California at Irvine between February 2004 and April 2007 was done. Patients were retrospectively analyzed for gender, age, mechanism of injury, associated facial injuries, presenting symptoms, method of treatment, and postoperative complications. Thirty-six male patients and nine female patients were treated. Motor vehicle collision (26/45) was the most common cause of injury, and the mean age of the patients was 35.5 years (range: 15-81 years). Ecchymosis surrounding the orbital tissue was the most common presentation (38/45). Diplopia was present in 8 of 45 patients, with 1 patient requiring urgent decompression for retrobulbar hematoma. Forty-three patients underwent surgical repair; 40 underwent transconjunctival approach with lateral canthotomy; 17 underwent reconstruction with porous polyethylene Medpor (Porex Surgical, Inc., College Park, GA.); and 26 underwent reconstruction with a titanium mesh plate. Immediate postoperative complications included 12 patients with infraorbital numbness, 3 with diplopia, 1 with cellulitis, and 1 with ectropion with a subcilliary approach. Average timing of surgery of our study was 4.94 days (range, 1-20 days). Orbital floor fracture management has changed significantly over the past few decades with the introduction of new internal fixation methods and new materials for reconstructing orbital floor defects. Recommendations for surgical intervention on orbital floor fractures mostly depend on clinical examination and imaging studies. Consequences of inadequate repair of orbital floor fractures can lead to significant facial asymmetry and visual problems. Both porous polyethylene and titanium plates are effective tools for reconstructing the orbital floor. Our review demonstrates that orbital floor fractures can be repaired safely with minimal postoperative complications and confirms that transconjunctival approach to orbital floor is an effective way for exposure and prevention of ectropion that can be seen with other techniques.
| S-EPMC3052659 | biostudies-other
Project description:Mucormycosis (MCM) is a serious invasive fungal disease (IFD) that is associated with high mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients. A global surge in MCM cases was reported with the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed all recorded cases of MCM at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), a tertiary care center in Lebanon, over 14 years. We aimed to identify the incidence, seasonal variation, clinical characteristics of the patients, and predictors of mortality. We conducted a retrospective chart review between 1 January 2008 and 1 January 2023. All patients with proven or probable MCM were included in the study. Proven or probable MCM was defined by positive histopathology and/or positive cultures. A total of 43 patients were identified as having MCM. Their median age was 53 years, and the majority were males (58.1%). Most of the cases were diagnosed in the autumn season. In total, 67.4% of the patients had hematological malignancies (HMs), and 34.9% had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). The most common site of involvement was rhino-orbital-cerebral MCM (ROCM) (74%). The annual cases of MCM per 100,000 patient days increased markedly during the years of the COVID-19 pandemic (from 0 to 4.4 cases/100,000 patient days to 7.5 cases/100,000 during 2020 and 2021). Liposomal amphotericin (Ampho) B was used as a first-line agent in most of the patients (86%). The median duration of total in-hospital antifungal therapy was 21 days and 51.2% of the patients received step-down therapy with azoles. Surgical debridement and isolated ROCM were significantly associated with survival (p-value: 0.02 and <0.001, respectively). All-cause mortality was 46.7%, with chronic renal disease being significantly associated with mortality (p-value < 0.05). The incidence of MCM has been increasing at our institution, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. Early diagnosis, treatment, and surgical debridement improve patient outcomes and overall survival.
| S-EPMC10456049 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo present the clinical characteristics and outcome of transplant and nontransplant patients with invasive nocardiosis.Patients and methodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 110 patients 18 years and older diagnosed with culture-proven invasive nocardiosis (defined as the presence of clinical signs and/or radiographic abnormalities) between August 1, 1998, and November 30, 2018. Information on demographic, clinical, radiographic, and microbiological characteristics as well as mortality was collected.ResultsOne hundred ten individuals with invasive nocardiosis were identified, of whom 54 (49%) were transplant and 56 nontransplant (51%) patients. Most transplant patients were kidney and lung recipients. The overall mean age was 64.9 years, and transplant patients had a higher prevalence of diabetes and chronic kidney disease. A substantial proportion of nontransplant patients were receiving corticosteroids (39%), immunosuppressive medications (16%), and chemotherapy (9%) and had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (20%), rheumatologic conditions (18%), and malignant neoplasia (18%). A higher proportion of transplant patients (28%) than nontransplant patients (4%) received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis. In both groups, the lung was the most common site of infection. Seventy percent of all Nocardia species isolated were present in almost equal proportion: N brasiliensis (16%), N farcinica (16%), N nova (15%), N cyriacigeorgia (13%), and N asteroides (11%). More than 90% of isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, and amikacin. There was no significant difference in mortality between the 2 groups at 1, 6, and 12 months after the initial diagnosis.ConclusionThe frequency of invasive Nocardia infection was similar in transplant and nontransplant patients and mortality at 1, 6, and 12 months was similar in both groups. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis failed to prevent Nocardia infection.
| S-EPMC8105525 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objective:Neuroendocrine neoplasias (NENs) represent a rare and biologically heterogeneous group of malignancies. Treatment of NEN patients remains challenging due to lack of prospective evidence on the choice of ideal therapeutic sequence and therapeutic efficacy in specific individual scenarios. Methods:Clinical data on 110 consecutive patients suffering from NEN treated at a single German university center were analyzed, therapeutic regimens applied were assessed, and the outcome was evaluated. Results:Histological grading, Ki67 proliferation index, functional activity, and presence of metastases were identified as prognostic markers. 10-year overall survival rates were 92%, 44%, and 0% for G1, G2, and G3 tumors, and 60%, 39%, 69%, 53%, and 0% for Ki67 <2%, 3-5%, 6-20%, 21-49%, and >50%, respectively. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and cytostatic chemotherapy were the second most common options, with PRRT being used more frequently in NET G1 and G2 and chemotherapy in NEC G3. Combination chemotherapy with etoposide plus cisplatin or carboplatin showed disease control rates (DCRs) of overall 74%, with a short median progression-free survival (PFS) of 7 or 5 months, respectively. DCR and PFS for PRRT were 89% and 22 months when administered as monotherapy, versus 100% and 27 months upon combination with somatostatin analog (SSA) therapy. Of note, PRRT also achieved disease control as best response in 5/5 (100%) selected cases of NEC G3. Conclusion:Further prospective studies are warranted to help stratify available options for therapeutic intervention in NEN patients.
| S-EPMC7013359 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is frequently performed in critical care settings for heterogenous indications. However, specific intensive care unit (ICU) data regarding TPE indications, patient characteristics and technical details are sparse. Methods: We performed a retrospective, single-center study using data from January 2010 until August 2021 for patients treated with TPE in an ICU setting at the University Hospital Zurich. Data collected included patient characteristics and outcomes, ICU-specific parameters, as well as apheresis-specific technical parameters and complications. Results: We identified n = 105 patients receiving n = 408 TPEs for n = 24 indications during the study period. The most common was thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) (38%), transplant-associated complications (16.3%) and vasculitis (14%). One-third of indications (35.2%) could not be classified according to ASFA. Anaphylaxis was the most common TPE-related complication (6.7%), while bleeding complications were rare (1%). The median duration of ICU stay was 8 ± 14 days. Ventilator support, renal replacement therapy or vasopressors were required in 59 (56.2%), 26 (24.8%), and 35 (33.3%) patients, respectively, and 6 (5.7%) patients required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The overall hospital survival rate was 88.6%. Conclusion: Our study provides valuable real-world data on heterogenous TPE indications for patients in the ICU setting, potentially supporting decision-making.
| S-EPMC10141205 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:For so long, corneal diseases have been known as one of the leading causes to blindness in the global. This blindness might be due to failure to accept the corneal transplantation. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and the root challenges for corneal transplantation acceptance at the University of Gondar tertiary eye care and training center, Ethiopia. Methods:An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients who had an indication for corneal transplantation at the University of Gondar tertiary eye care and training center since January 1, 2017, up to October 30, 2018. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and entered into Epi-Info 7 software and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Simple logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors of corneal transplantation acceptance. Associations between outcome and exposure variables were expressed by the adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and p value <0.05. Result:A total of 116 patients with a mean age of 51 (±21) years participated in the study. The overall acceptance level of corneal transplantation was only 38.8% (95% CI: 29.93, 47.66). Patients with poor knowledge [AOR?=?2.41; 95% CI: 1.90, 6.48] and an unfavorable attitude [AOR?=?6.33; 95% CI: 2.42, 16.54] were significantly associated with the acceptance of corneal transplantation. Conclusion:The study revealed that the corneal transplantation acceptance level was very low. Hence, the government and other concerned stakeholders should give due emphasis to the awareness creation and behavior change communication strategies to increase the acceptance level of corneal transplantation.
| S-EPMC6930795 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mushroom like the growth of skin tumour is a rare phenomenon although described already in 1806 by Alibert, who focused on mycosis fungicides. We identified only four case reports in PUBMED database using the terms "mushroom-like growth" and "skin tumour". We analysed our files and identified three elderly female patients (69 to 94 years old). Histological diagnosis was melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. All tumours could be completely removed by wide excision or delayed Mohs surgery. No metastatic spread was noted.
| S-EPMC5535672 | biostudies-other
Project description:Nontuberculous mycobacteria represent an uncommon but important cause of infection of the musculoskeletal system. Such infections require aggressive medical and surgical treatment, and cases are often complicated by delayed diagnosis. We retrospectively reviewed all 14 nonspinal cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial musculoskeletal infections treated over 6 years by orthopedic surgeons at a university-affiliated tertiary referral center. All patients required multiple antimicrobial agents along with aggressive surgical treatment; 13 of 14 patients ultimately achieved cure. Four patients required amputation to control the infection. Half these patients were immunosuppressed by medications or other medical illness when they sought care at the referral center. Six cases involved joint prostheses; all ultimately required hardware removal and placement of an antimicrobial spacer for eradication of infection. Our findings highlight the importance of vigilance for nontuberculous mycobacterial musculoskeletal infection, particularly in patients who are immunosuppressed or have a history of musculoskeletal surgery.
| S-EPMC6537735 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing final visual acuity in pediatric traumatic cataracts.MethodsData of patients who presented with traumatic cataracts were reviewed retrospectively. We evaluated age at trauma; gender, trauma type, cause, and zone; duration between the time of trauma and cataract surgery; surgical method used; time, location, and type of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation; initial and final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA); amblyopia rate; and complications.ResultsIn all, 61 eyes of 59 patients aged < 16 years with cataracts after trauma were included. The mean age of the children was 7.2 ± 3.9 years. Primary IOL implantation was performed in 70.9% of eyes. The BCVA was 0.7 LogMAR or better in 5.9% of the 49 eyes in which the visual acuity could be measured at the time of trauma and in 69.1% of 55 eyes in which it could be measured after treatment. Evaluation of factors potentially influencing the final visual acuity revealed that eyes that had undergone posterior capsulotomy (PC) and anterior vitrectomy (AV) during cataract surgery had significantly better final visual acuity compared with eyes that did not undergo these procedures.ConclusionsIn children with posttraumatic cataracts, final visual acuity was not affected by patient age and gender; trauma type, cause, and zone; duration between the time of trauma and cataract surgery; surgical method used; and time, location, and type of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Improvements in the final BCVA could be seen only by PC + AV combined with lens aspiration with or without IOL implantation. However, this approach of amblyopia treatment needs to be confirmed by more comprehensive and prospective studies.
| S-EPMC9063203 | biostudies-literature