An unusual case of spontaneous Mycobacterium chelonae corneal ulcer in a healthy middle-aged adult [Retraction].
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC5529087 | biostudies-other | 2017
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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2013-10-11 | E-GEOD-29637 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cigarette smoking is a world-wide habit and an important risk factor for cancer. It was known that cigarette smoking can change the expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in healthy middle-aged adults. However, it remains unclear whether cigarette smoking can change the levels of circulating miRNAs in young healthy smokers and whether there are differences in cancer susceptibility for the two cases. In this study, the miRNA expression profiles of 28 smokers and 12 non-smokers were determined by Agilent human MicroRNA array. We further performed bioinformatics analysis for the differentially expressed miRNAs. The result showed that 35 miRNAs were differentially expressed. Among them, 24 miRNAs were up-regulated and 11 miRNAs were down-regulated in smokers. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the deregulated miRNAs are related to immune system and hormones regulation. Strikingly, the up-regulated miRNAs are mostly associated with hematologic cancers, such as lymphoma, leukemia. As a comparison, the up-regulated plasma miRNAs in middle-aged smokers are mostly associated with solid cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and lung cancer, suggesting that smoking could have different influences on young adults and middle-aged adults. In a conclusion, we identified the circulating miRNAs deregulated by cigarette smoking and revealed that the age-dependent deregulated miRNAs tend to be mainly involved in different types of human cancers.
| S-EPMC5008314 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We report the isolation of Corynebacterium macginleyi from the corneal ulcer culture of a patient, later enrolled in the Steroids for Corneal Ulcer Trial (SCUT). To our knowledge this is the first published report from North America of the recovery of C. macginleyi from a serious ocular infection.
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Project description:Objectives. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder that is often preceded by infection or recent vaccination. Encephalopathy and focal neurological deficits are usually manifest several weeks after a prodromal illness with rapidly progressive neurologic decline. ADEM is most commonly seen in children and young adults, in which prognosis is favorable, but very few cases have been reported of older adults with ADEM and thus their clinical course is unknown. Methods. Here we present a case of ADEM in a middle-aged adult that recovered well after treatment. Results. A 62-year-old man presented with encephalopathy and rapid neurological decline following a gastrointestinal illness. A brain MRI revealed extensive supratentorial white matter hyperintensities consistent with ADEM and thus he was started on high dose intravenous methylprednisolone. He underwent a brain biopsy showing widespread white matter inflammation secondary to demyelination. At discharge, his neurological exam had significantly improved with continued steroid treatment and four months later, he was able to perform his ADLs. Conclusions. This case of ADEM in a middle-aged adult represents an excellent response to high dose steroid treatment with a remarkable neurological recovery. Thus it behooves one to treat suspected cases of ADEM in an adult patient aggressively, as outcome can be favorable.
| S-EPMC4477182 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Otitis media (OM) is a cluster of diseases of the middle ear that commonly result from bacterial infection. OM subtypes in which the tympanic membrane is intact (acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion) are presumed to result from pathogen translocation through the eustachian tube. Recent molecular-based studies have suggested that a diverse middle ear microbiome exists in the absence of disease. These have been largely unsupported by culture and feature species that commonly contaminate low-biomass sequencing data. Combining culture-based and molecular techniques, we undertook a detailed investigation of the evidence for bacterial colonization of the healthy middle ear. Middle ear (ME), nasopharynx (NP), and external ear canal (EC) swabs were collected from a total of 25 adult patients undergoing cochlear implant, stapedotomy, or translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma resection. Diagnostic culture, microscopy, quantitative PCR, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were used to assess sample bacterial content. EC and NP microbiota were consistent with previous reports. In contrast, bacterial levels in ME samples were not significantly above those in unused control swabs. Commonly detected taxa were among recognized sequencing contaminants (Methylobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter). Linear regression of dominant ME taxa confirmed a negative relationship between relative abundance and bacterial load, consistent with contamination. No bacteria were detected by microscopy or diagnostic culture in any middle ear sample. Our findings cast substantial doubt on previous reports identifying a healthy middle ear microbiome using 16S amplicon sequencing.IMPORTANCE Recent molecular-based studies have suggested that a diverse middle ear microbiome in adults and children can exist in the absence of disease. These studies have been largely unsupported by culture and feature species that commonly contaminate low-biomass sequencing data. While 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing has proven to be a highly informative technique in many clinical contexts, it is susceptible to spurious signal arising from sequencing reagent contaminants where sample biomass is low. Combining culture-based and molecular techniques, we undertook a detailed investigation of the evidence for bacterial colonization of the healthy middle ear. In finding no evidence of viable bacterial cells in middle ear samples, our study further underlines the importance of careful consideration of amplicon sequence data derived from very-low-biomass contexts and the value of analytical approaches that combine culture and molecular techniques.
| S-EPMC6731531 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe brain is the most cholesterol-rich organ and myelin contains 70% of total brain cholesterol. Statins are potent cholesterol-lowing medications used by millions of adults for prevention of vascular disease, yet the effect of statins on cholesterol-rich brain white matter (WM) is largely unknown.MethodsWe used longitudinal neuroimaging data acquired from 73 healthy, cognitively unimpaired, statin-naïve, middle-aged adults during an 18-month randomized controlled trial of simvastatin 40 mg daily (n = 35) or matching placebo (n = 38). ANCOVA models (covariates: age, sex, APOE-ɛ4) tested the effect of treatment group on percent change in WM, gray matter (GM), and WM hyperintensity (WMH) neuroimaging measures at each study visit. Mediation analysis tested the indirect effects of simvastatin on WM microstructure through change in serum total cholesterol levels.ResultsAt 18 months, the simvastatin group showed a significant preservation in global WM fractional anisotropy (β = 0.88%, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.50, P = 0.005), radial diffusivity (β = -1.10%, 95% CI -2.13 to -0.06, P = 0.039), and WM volume (β = 0.72%, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.32, P = 0.018) relative to the placebo group. There was no significant effect of simvastatin on GM or WMH volume. Change in serum total cholesterol mediated approximately 30% of the effect of simvastatin on WM microstructure.ConclusionsSimvastatin treatment in healthy, middle-aged adults resulted in preserved WM microstructure and volume at 18 months. The partial mediation by serum cholesterol reduction suggests both peripheral and central mechanisms. Future studies are needed to determine whether these effects persist and translate to cognitive outcomes.Trial registrationNCT00939822 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
| S-EPMC8351379 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Importance:Glomerular hyperfiltration is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in high-risk conditions, but its significance in low-risk individuals is uncertain. Objective:To determine whether glomerular hyperfiltration is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in healthy individuals. Design, Setting, and Participants:This was a prospective population-based cohort study, for which enrollment took place from August 2009 to October 2010, with follow-up available through March 31, 2016. Analysis of the data took place in October 2019. The cohort was composed of 9515 healthy individuals, defined as individuals without hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, or statin and/or aspirin use, identified among 20 004 patients aged 40 to 69 years with health information accessed through the CARTaGENE research platform. Exposures:Individuals with glomerular hyperfiltration (eGFR >95th percentile after stratification for sex and age) were compared with individuals with normal filtration rate (eGFR 25th-75th percentiles). Main Outcomes and Measures:Adverse cardiovascular events were defined as a composite of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, heart failure, stroke, and transient ischemic attack. Risk of adverse cardiovascular events was assessed using Cox and fractional polynomial regressions and propensity score matching. Results:From the 20 004 CARTaGENE participants, 9515 healthy participants (4050 [42.6%] male; median [interquartile range] age, 50.4 [45.9-55.6] years) were identified. Among these, 473 had glomerular hyperfiltration (median [interquartile range] eGFR, 112 [107-115] mL/min/1.73 m2) and 4761 had a normal filtration rate (median [interquartile range] eGFR, 92 [87-97] mL/min/1.73 m2). Compared with the normal filtration rate, glomerular hyperfiltration was associated with an increased cardiovascular risk (hazard ratio, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.30-2.74; P = .001). Findings were similar with propensity score matching. The fractional polynomial regression showed that only the highest eGFR percentiles were associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The cardiovascular risk of individuals with glomerular hyperfiltration was similar to that of the 597 participants with an eGFR between 45 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.56-1.42; P = .64). Conclusions and Relevance:These findings suggest that glomerular hyperfiltration is independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk in middle-aged healthy individuals. This risk profile appears to be similar to stage 3a chronic kidney disease.
| S-EPMC7148438 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSpontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare condition, mainly affecting young women. Cases in male patients are rare, especially with recurrence.Case summaryA 59-year-old male non-elite athlete presented as an ST-elevation myocardial infarction following a 5-km run. Urgent coronary angiogram was normal, but cardiac magnetic resonance showed a myocardial infarction. Four years later, he experienced similar chest pain with no ST-elevation on electrocardiogram and a mild troponin rise. Urgent coronary angiogram was initially thought normal but subsequent close inspection confirmed a Type 2b SCAD. Cardiac magnetic resonance showed a small additional myocardial infarction contained within an area of acute myocardial oedema.DiscussionSpontaneous coronary artery dissection is more common in young women compared to men and recurrent dissection has been rarely reported in the literature. Cohort studies have shown the rate of recurrent dissection to be 13-16%, but most of the patients in these cohorts are female. Poor data exists on the best treatment of SCAD in men, but given the presence of intramural thrombus, dual antiplatelet therapy was discontinued on the presumption that it may exacerbate an intramural bleeding process.
| S-EPMC7501942 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Traditional cardiovascular risk factors have been associated with white matter disease. Because hypertension results in vascular stiffness and impaired cerebral perfusion, we hypothesized that it would be the most relevant risk factor for microstructural white matter disruption in apparently healthy middle-aged individuals with a family history of early-onset coronary artery disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This was a cross-sectional analysis of participants in the Genetic Study of Atherosclerosis Risk with DTI. Regional fractional anisotropy of 181 segmented brain regions was measured using Eve WM Atlas. Risk factors were examined using univariate analysis for 48 regions representing deep WM structures. Minimal multivariable linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, and race and maximal linear regression models adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors were performed for regions meeting the Bonferroni threshold in the initial analysis. RESULTS:Included were 116 subjects (mean age, 49 ± 11 years; 57% men) with a moderate load of cardiovascular risk factors. Subjects with hypertension had significantly lower regional fractional anisotropy in the right cingulum and left stria terminalis in the minimal and maximal regression models. Additionally, there was lower regional fractional anisotropy in the left fornix in the maximal model and right sagittal stratum in the minimal model. Systolic blood pressure values were significantly associated with regional fractional anisotropy in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus in the maximal model. There were no significant differences among regional fractional anisotropy values for other cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS:In middle-aged apparently healthy individuals with susceptibility to vascular disease, among all known cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension was associated with microstructural WM disruption.
| S-EPMC6368444 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo evaluate the longitudinal influence of family history (FH) of Alzheimer disease (AD) and apolipoprotein E ?4 allele (APOE4) on brain atrophy and cognitive decline over 4 years among asymptomatic middle-aged individuals.MethodsParticipants were cognitively healthy adults with (FH+) (n = 60) and without (FH-) (n = 48) a FH of AD (mean age at baseline 54 years) enrolled in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. They underwent APOE genotyping, cognitive testing, and an MRI scan at baseline and 4 years later. A covariate-adjusted voxel-based analysis interrogated gray matter (GM) modulated probability maps at the 4-year follow-up visit as a function of FH and APOE4. We also examined the influence of parent of origin on GM atrophy. Parallel analyses investigated the effects of FH and APOE4 on cognitive decline.ResultsNeither FH nor APOE4 had an effect on regional GM or cognition at baseline. Longitudinally, a FH × APOE4 interaction was found in the right posterior hippocampus, which was driven by a significant difference between the FH+ and FH- subjects who were APOE4-. In addition, a significant FH main effect was observed in the left posterior hippocampus. No significant APOE4 main effects were detected. Persons with a maternal history of AD were just as likely as those with a paternal history of AD to experience posterior hippocampal atrophy. There was no longitudinal decline in cognition within the cohort.ConclusionOver a 4-year interval, asymptomatic middle-aged adults with FH of AD exhibit significant atrophy in the posterior hippocampi in the absence of measurable cognitive changes. This result provides further evidence that detectable disease-related neuroanatomic changes do occur early in the AD pathologic cascade.
| S-EPMC3359586 | biostudies-literature