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Fulminant Myocarditis Managed by Extracorporeal Life Support (Impella® CP): A Rare Case.

ABSTRACT: Treating myocarditis can be difficult, as clear criteria for diagnosis and management are lacking for heterogeneous clinical presentations.We report a case of a 49-year-old female who presented with cardiogenic shock and subsequent cardiac arrest. Extracorporeal life support was instituted, and after eight days with Impella CP the patient recovered and at six months presented with normal cardiac function.Fulminant myocarditis remains a challenging disease in daily clinical practice, not only for diagnosis, but also for treatment. With this report we emphasize that myocardial failure due to fulminant myocarditis may be reversible if treated with extracorporeal life support, which thus plays an important and life-saving role.

SUBMITTER: Fox H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5529618 | biostudies-other | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Efficacy of central extracorporeal life support for patients with fulminant myocarditis and cardiogenic shock.

Project description:ObjectivesFulminant myocarditis with cardiogenic shock requires extracorporeal life support (ECLS) and has poor outcomes. To improve outcomes, we have converted patients with severely impaired cardiac and multiorgan function from peripheral to central ECLS. In this study, we reviewed these patients' clinical outcomes and investigated associated factors.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 70 consecutive patients with fulminant myocarditis under peripheral support from 2006 to 2020. Forty-eight patients underwent surgical conversion to central support, and the remaining patients continued peripheral support. The end point was survival and ventricular assist device-free survival.ResultsMore severe pulmonary congestion and multiorgan failure were present in patients with central than peripheral support. Weaning from ECLS was achieved in 95% and 62% of patients with peripheral and central support, respectively. Five-year survival was not significantly different between patients with central and peripheral support (71.2% vs 87.5%, respectively; P = 0.15). However, the ventricular assist device-free survival rate was significantly higher in patients with central than peripheral support (82.2% vs 52.0%, respectively; P = 0.017). A peak creatine kinase-MB level of >180 IU/l, rhythm disturbance and aortic valve closure were detrimental to functional recovery in patients with central support.ConclusionsConversion to central ECLS is feasible and safe in patients with fulminant myocarditis. Patients with severe myocardial injury as shown by a high creatine kinase-MB level, rhythm disturbance and aortic valve closure should be converted to a durable left ventricular assist device.

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Successfully Treated Acute Fulminant Myocarditis Induced by Ulcerative Colitis with Extracorporeal Life Support and Infliximab.

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Hemodynamics of cardiac tamponade during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in a patient with fulminant myocarditis.

Project description:Fulminant myocarditis (FM) causes rapid onset severe heart failure requiring inotropes or mechanical circulatory support. Myocarditis is sometimes associated with pericardial effusion, however, how this effusion affects the hemodynamics in patients with FM under venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) management has not been fully reported. We show a case of FM presenting with cardiac tamponade during VA-ECMO management. A 64-year-old female diagnosed as having FM showed a rapid hemodynamic collapse and that led to the application of VA-ECMO. Although her left ventricular ejection fraction did not improve despite proper hemodynamics management for several days, a pericardial effusion accumulated gradually. Apparent elevation of right atrial pressure and reduction of blood pressure were not observed, however, we performed pericardiocentesis because we were not able to wean off VA-ECMO. After the drainage of pericardial effusion, the blood pressure and cardiac output elevated as did the left ventricular ejection fraction. We successfully removed VA-ECMO and the patient was discharged without any complications. This is a case report in which a cardiac tamponade under VA-ECMO did not show typical signs and pericardiocentesis contributed to withdrawal of a VA-ECMO system. <Learning objective: Typical findings of cardiac tamponade are less likely to appear in patients with fulminant myocarditis under venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management (VA-ECMO). Drainage of pericardial effusion delivers dramatic improvement in blood pressure, cardiac output, and left ventricular ejection fraction. When VA-ECMO cannot be weaned off, pericardiocentesis should be considered in patients with fulminant myocarditis who showed gradual accumulation of pericardial effusion.>.

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Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome with fulminant myocarditis: a case report.

Project description:BackgroundThe clinical spectrum of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is wide, which can range from fever to multiple organ failure. Conservative therapy plays a key role in the treatment of SFTS. However, severe cases of SFTS, such as fulminant myocarditis, may require mechanical hemodynamic support.Case presentationThis report presents a case of a 59-year old woman diagnosed with SFTS by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The patient had no initial symptoms of cardiac involvement and rapidly developed hemodynamic instability 3 days after hospitalization. She suffered from chest pain and had elevated cardiac enzymes. In the absence of atrio-ventricular conduction abnormalities, left ventricular dysfunction, and coronary artery abnormalities by coronary angiography, she was diagnosed with fulminant myocarditis. At that time, her pulse rate nearly dropped to 0 bpm and she developed near complete akinesia of the heart despite vasopressor administration. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was initiated with other supportive measures and she fully recovered after 21 days.ConclusionsThis case indicates that SFTS can cause fulminant myocarditis even without evidence of cardiac involvement at presentation. When symptoms and/or signs of acute heart failure develop in patients with SFTS, myocarditis should be suspected and the patient should be promptly evaluated. Additionally, mechanical hemodynamic support like ECMO can be a lifesaving tool in the treatment of fulminant myocarditis.

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