LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES : INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Raman TR
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5531572 | biostudies-other | 1998 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Birth weight is the most important factor that affects infant and child mortality. The most common cause of low birth is malnutrition before and during the pregnancy period. The present study was conducted to explore the associated risk factors of low birth weight which will be helpful to undertake effective measures to reduce the incidence of the low birth weight babies.The study was conducted at Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayad Al-Nayan Hospital Muzaffarabad. A sample size of 1603 live births over a period of five months were analyzed. The pregnant women were recruited in the last trimester of their pregnancy and followed up till their delivery. Information regarding maternal age, parity, income of family, gestational age, maternal occupation, degree of illiteracy, birth interval was collected. The birth weight was recorded within 24 hours of delivery. Data analysis was done using Graph Pad Prism version 6.0.Data of 1863 birth out of which 1603 were live births and among these live births, 1442 were normal birth weight babies and 161 number of low birth weight (LBW) were analyzed. The incidence of LBW in this study was (10.04%). LBW was more common in female (n=84) than in male (n=77) babies. However, this difference was statistically insignificant. Among different risk factors maternal age (p<0.05), parity (P = 0.0167), income of family (P = 0.0190), has a statically significant association with incidence of LBW. The gestational age of mother, maternal occupation, degree of illiteracy was found to affect the incidence of LBW babies, however the difference was found to be statistically insignificant for LBW. Birth interval less than three years and low hemoglobin level (P<0.0260) was found to have a significant association with LBW babies.LBW a common problem in Pakistan is an important factor for perinatal mortality and morbidity. Among different risk factors maternal age, parity, income of family, gestational age of mother, maternal occupation, degree of illiteracy, birth interval less than three years were found to be the important risk factors contributing to LBW babies born in Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayad Al- Nayan Hospital Muzaffarabad.
| S-EPMC5510115 | biostudies-other
Project description:BACKGROUND: Low birth weight (LBW) remains to be a leading cause of neonatal death and a major contributor to infant and under-five mortality. Its prevalence has not declined in the last decade in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Asia. Some individual level factors have been identified as risk factors for LBW but knowledge is limited on contextual risk factors for LBW especially in SSA. METHODS: Contextual risk factors for LBW in Ghana were identified by performing multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis of 6,900 mothers dwelling in 412 communities that participated in the 2003 and 2008 Demographic and Health Surveys in Ghana. RESULTS: Contextual-level factors were significantly associated with LBW: Being a rural dweller increased the likelihood of having a LBW infant by 43% (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.01-2.01; P-value <0.05) while living in poverty-concentrated communities increased the risk of having a LBW infant twofold (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.29-3.61; P-value <0.01). In neighbourhoods with a high coverage of safe water supply the odds of having a LBW infant reduced by 28% (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.57-0.96; P-value <0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed contextual risk factors to have independent effects on the prevalence of LBW infants. Being a rural dweller, living in a community with a high concentration of poverty and a low coverage of safe water supply were found to increase the prevalence of LBW infants. Implementing appropriate community-based intervention programmes will likely reduce the occurrence of LBW infants.
| S-EPMC4215836 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundLow birth weight (LBW) affects 6.9% of all UK births and has remained largely unchanged for many years. The United Nations and the World Health Assembly have set targets to substantially reduce global incidence. Understanding the contribution of modifiable risk factors to the burden of LBW is required to ensure appropriate interventions are in place to achieve this reduction.MethodsData from published studies on the risks from key modifiable factors were used alongside prevalence data from the Welsh population to calculate the population attributable risk for each factor individually and in combination.ResultsFourteen risk factors accounted for nearly half of LBW births, and 60% of those to younger mothers (<25 years). Tobacco smoke exposure was the largest contributor. We estimated that smoking in pregnancy was a factor in one in eight LBW births, increasing to one in five for women aged under 25.ConclusionsRisk factors are interrelated and inequitably distributed within the population. Exposure to one factor increases the likelihood of exposure to a constellation of factors further increasing risk. Action to address LBW must consider groups where the risk factors are most prevalent and address these risk factors together using multi-component interventions.
| S-EPMC5409066 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Low birth weight (LBW) is responsible for a significant proportion of child morbidity and mortality apart from its possible role in the occurrence of chronic disease in adult life. This study highlights the overall low incidence of LBWs at 13.6% among the Armed Forces families. The Other Ranks had a proportionally higher incidence of LBW at 24.14%. 82.14% of the LBWs occurred in the age group of 20-29 yrs, with only 6.93% of the births being teenage pregnancies. Primiparous women accounted for 54.95% of births but 75% of the LBWs. Smoking was not a significant factor. The findings underscore the need for special attention to other rank families and primiparas. A continued effort at updating the health care facilities provided to the Armed Forces families, and a concerted health and dietary advice by the authorised medical attendants, directed at the primiparous women, will further help lower the incidence of LBWs. The National LBW target of less than 10% by 2000 AD is definitely achievable by the Armed Forces.
| S-EPMC5532010 | biostudies-other
Project description:Low birth weight is an ongoing public health problem with severe consequences for those affected, including early morbidity and mortality and elevated risk for lifelong deficits in cognitive function. These deficits can be ameliorated by early intervention in many cases. To contribute to criteria for earlier identification of at-risk children prior to the onset of delays or deficits, we examined relationships between three gene candidates-SLC6A4, BDNF, COMT-and cognitive outcomes at school age in a secondary analysis of existing data from a nationally representative cohort. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs4074134, a variant of BDNF, and a rare insertion/deletion in the intron region of SLC6A4 were significant predictors of cognitive performance. Our final model predicted 17% of the variance in composite cognitive test scores among children with low birth weight at school age (F = 96.36, p < .001, R 2 = .17). Specifically, children homozygous for cytosine at rs4074134 scored .62 standard deviations higher on a measure of global cognition than children with one or more thymine. Similarly, children with an extra-long copy number variant of SLC6A4 scored .88 standard deviations higher than children who had one or more short forms of the gene. These findings support the potential for an approach to identifying children with low birth weights who are most at need of early intervention services. Future research should focus on validation of these findings in an independent sample and confirmation of the biological mechanisms through which these genes influence cognitive development.
| S-EPMC7068752 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsThis study aimed to determine the relationship of low birth weight (LBW) with adult cardiac structure and function and investigate potential causal pathways.Methods and resultsA population-based sample of 925 Australians (41.3% male) were followed from childhood (aged 7-15 years) to young adulthood (aged 26-36 years) and mid-adulthood (aged 36-50 years). Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS, %), LV mass index (LVMi, g/m2.7 ), LV filling pressure (E/e'), and left atrial volume index (g/m2 ) were measured by transthoracic echocardiography in mid-adulthood. Birth weight category was self-reported in young adulthood and classified as low (≤5 lb or ≤2270 g), normal (5-8 lb or 2271-3630 g), and high (>8 lb or >3630 g). Of the 925 participants, 7.5% (n = 69) were classified as LBW. Compared with participants with normal birth weight, those with LBW had 2.01-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.19, 3.41, P = 0.009) higher risks of impaired GLS (GLS > -18%) and 2.63-fold (95% confidence interval: 0.89, 7.81, P = 0.08) higher risks of LV hypertrophy (LVMi > 48 g/m2.7 in men or >44 g/m2.7 in women) in adulthood, independent of age, sex, and any socio-economic factors. Participants with LBW significantly increased body fat from childhood to adulthood relative to their peers and had greater levels of triglycerides, fasting glucose, and arterial stiffness in adulthood. These risk factors were the strongest mediators and explained 54% of the LBW effect size on adult GLS and 33% of the LBW effect size on LVMi. The remaining of these associations was independent of any of the measured risk factors.ConclusionsLow birth weight was associated with impaired cardiac structure and function in mid-adulthood. This association was only partially explained by known risk factors.
| S-EPMC8712853 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Both cardiovascular and reproductive complications may have origins in utero or in early life. Women in the Bogalusa Heart Study (n = 1401) had been linked to birth certificates for birthweight and gestational data, which were examined relative to childhood (ages 4-16) cardiometabolic indicators, indicated by mean levels overall and total risk factor burden as estimated by area under the curve (AUC) computed from longitudinal quadratic random-effects growth models. Women reported the birthweight and gestational age of each of their own pregnancies, and delivery medical records were linked to interview data where possible. Path analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among a woman's own birth outcomes, childhood and preconception adult cardiovascular health, and birth outcomes. Mean blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP) adjusted relative risk (aRR) per 1-SD increase, 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.57) and low-density lipoprotein (aRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.02-1.44) in childhood predicted preterm birth (PTB), while mean SBP (aRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02-1.74) predicted term low birthweight. The AUC data suggested an association between blood pressure and PTB (aRR for SBP top 10%, 1.86, 95% CI 1.08-3.21). Pre-pregnancy total cholesterol was negatively associated with gestational age. In path analyses, positive associations were found for each step between own birthweight, childhood BMI, pre-pregnancy BMI, and child's birthweight. Childhood levels of some, though not all, cardiovascular risk factors may predict adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth and reduced fetal growth).
| S-EPMC8791492 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLow birth weight is a preventable public health problem. It is an important determinant of child survival and development, as well as long-term consequences like the onset of non-communicable disease in the life course. A large number of mortality and morbidity can be prevented by addressing the factors associated with low birth weight. The main objective of this study was to identify associated risk factors of low birth weight.MethodologyA health facility-based unmatched case-control study was carried out from July 2018 to March 2019 among the mothers who delivered in health facilities of Dang district of Nepal from 17th August to 16th November 2018. The total sample size for the study was 369; 123 cases and 246 controls. Cases and controls were randomly selected independent of the exposure status in the ratio of 1:2. Information regarding exposure status was assessed through interviews and medical records. Mothers who delivered outside Dang districts were excluded from the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of the Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University and written consent was taken from each participant after explaining the objectives of the study.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression found that having the kitchen in the same living house (AOR 2.7, CI: 1.5-4.8), iron intake less than 180 tablets (AOR 3.2, CI: 1.7-5.7), maternal weight gain during second and third trimester less than 6.53 kg (AOR 2.6, CI: 1.5-4.7), co-morbidity during pregnancy (AOR 2.4, CI: 1.3-4.5), preterm birth (AOR 2.9, CI: 1.4-6.1) were the risk factors associated with low birth weight.ConclusionHaving the kitchen in the same living house, iron intake less than 180 tablets during pregnancy, maternal weight gain less than 6.53 kg during the second and third trimester, co-morbidity during pregnancy and preterm birth were the risk factors associated with low birth weight.
| S-EPMC7307746 | biostudies-literature
Project description:From 1985 to 2013, the mean birth weight of infants in Japan decreased from 3120 g to 3000 g, and the low-birth-weight rate among live births increased from 6.3% to 9.6%. No prospective study has elucidated the risk factors for poor fetal growth and preterm birth in recent Japanese parents, such as increased parental age, maternal body figure, assisted reproductive technology (ART), and socioeconomic status. Participants were mother-infant pairs (n = 18,059) enrolled in a prospective birth cohort in Hokkaido, Japan from 2002 to 2013. Parental characteristics were obtained via self-reported questionnaires during pregnancy. Medical records helped identify very-low-birth-weight (VLBW; <1500g), term-small-for-gestational-age (term-SGA), and preterm-birth (PTB; <37 weeks) infants. We calculated relative risks (RRs) for PTB, VLBW, and term-SGA birth based on parental characteristics. The prevalence of PTB, VLBW, and term-SGA was 4.5%, 0.4%, and 6.5%, respectively. Aged parents and ART were risk factors for PTB and VLBW. Maternal alcohol drinking during pregnancy increased the risk; a parental educational level of ?16 years reduced risk of term-SGA. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI of <18.5 kg/m² increased the risk of PTB and term-SGA. The RR for low BMI was highest among mothers who have low educational level. Among various factors, appropriate nutritional education to maintain normal BMI is important to prevent PTB and term-SGA in Japan.
| S-EPMC5858438 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Local governments play an integral role in providing public services to their residents, yet the population health benefits are frequently overlooked, especially when services are outside the traditional health domain. With data from the U.S. Census of Governments and national birth records (spanning from 1992 to 2014), we examined whether local government expenditures on parks and recreation services (PRS) and housing and community development (HCD) predicted county low birth weight outcomes (population incidence and black-white disparities). Hypotheses were tested using bias-corrected county-by-period fixed effects models in a sample of 956 U.S. counties with a total of 3619 observations (observations were defined as three-year pooled estimates), representing 24 million births. Adjusting for prior county low birth weight incidence, levels of total operational, health, and hospital expenditures, and time-varying county sociodemographics, an increase in per capita county PRS expenditures of $50 was associated with 1.25 fewer low birth weight cases per 1000. Change in county HCD expenditures was not associated with low birth weight incidence, and, contrary to hypotheses, neither expenditure type was linked to county black-white disparities. Further examination of the benefits to birth outcomes from increasing parks and recreation services is warranted.
| S-EPMC6734050 | biostudies-literature