VALIDATION OF WEINER'S COLOUR STRESS SIGN IN SCHIZOPHRENIA.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chaudhury S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5531690 | biostudies-other | 1998 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:ObjectivesExisting studies have confirmed that urine colour through a urine colour chart is one of the effective indicators for assessing hydration. In recent years, the L*a*b* colour space has been widely used in the objective quantitative analysis of colour. The L*, a* and b* values represent the luminance change from black to white, the chromaticity change from green to red and the chromaticity change from blue to yellow, respectively. This study aimed to examine the validity of the urine colour L*a*b* parameters for assessing the level of hydration amongst athletes.MethodsThe study included a total of 474 young elite athletes (251 males and 223 females, age: 24.59 ± 4.86 years). A total of 803 urine samples were collected from the subjects in various stages of hydration, including morning urine and spot urine sample during rehydration. L*a*b* parameters were measured by spectrophotometer. Hydration status was assessed via urine osmolality and urine specific gravity.ResultsUrine colour b* value has a high correlation with urine specific gravity and urine osmolality (r = 0.811, 0.741, both p < 0.01); L* value has a moderate correlation with urine specific gravity and urine osmolality (r = -0.508, -0.471, both p < 0.01); there was no significant correlation between a* value and urine specific gravity, urine osmolality (p > 0.05). Whether the diagnosis of hypohydration is based on Usg ≥ 1.020 or Uosm ≥ 700 mmol/kg: The AUC of b* values were all above 0.9 and the specificity and sensitivity of b* values were high (both greater than 80%). The AUC of both L* and a* values were less than 0.5. Whether the diagnosis of hyperhydration is based on Usg ≤ 1.010 or Uosm ≤ 500 mmol/kg: The AUC of b* values were all above 0.9 and the specificity and sensitivity of b* value were high (both greater than 90%). The AUC of both L* and a* values were less than 0.5.ConclusionThese results suggested that the validity of urine colour b* value for assessing hydration amongst athletes was high, however, the validity of urine colour L* and a* values were low.
| S-EPMC9399725 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Red skin colour is an important target trait in various pear breeding programmes. In this study, the genetic control of red skin colour was investigated in an interspecific population derived using the descendants of the red sport European pear cultivar 'Max Red Bartlett' (MRB) and the red-blushed Chinese pear cultivar 'Huobali'. Approximately 550 seedlings from nine families were phenotyped for red skin over-colour coverage (Ocolcov) and the intensity of red over-colour (Ocolint) on a 0-9 scale, and genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing. Genome-wide association analyses were conducted using 7500 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genomic regions on linkage groups (LG) 4 and 5 were found to be associated, and the best SNP (S578_25116) on LG4 accounted for ~15% of phenotypic variation in Ocolcov and Ocolint. The association of S578_25116 with Ocolcov and Ocolint was successfully validated in a sample of ~200 European and Asian pear accessions. The association with red skin at locus S578_25116 was not present in Asian pear accessions, suggesting its close proximity to the MRB's Cardinal gene. Several putative candidate genes, including MYB transcription factors (PCP027962 and PCP027967), were identified in the quantitative trait locus region on LG4 and await functional validation.
| S-EPMC6331550 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This article elaborates on the results of a field experiment conducted among speakers of the Chakali language, spoken in northern Ghana. In the original study, the Color-aid Corporation Chart was used to perform the focal task in which consultants were asked to point at a single colour tile on the chart. However, data from the focal task could not be analysed since the Color-aid tiles had not yet been converted into numerical values set forth by the Commission internationale de l'éclairage (CIE). In this study, the full set of 314 Color-aid tiles were measured for chromaticity and converted into the CIE values at the Daylight Laboratory of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. This article presents the conversion methodology and makes the results of the measurements, which are available in the Online Appendix. We argue that some visual-perception terms cannot be reliably ascribed to colour categories established by the Color-aid Corporation. This suggests that the ideophonic expressions in the dataset do not denote 'colours', as categorised in the Color-aid system, as it was impossible to average the consultants' data into a CIE chromaticity diagram, illustrate the phenomena on the Natural Colour System (NCS) Circle and Triangle diagrams, and conduct a statistical analysis. One of the implications of this study is that a line between a visual-perception term and a colour term could be systematically established using a method with predefined categorical thresholds.
| S-EPMC5937630 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundUsage of sexed semen that allows to choose the gender of the calves, is commonly practiced in livestock industry as a profitable breeding alternative, especially in dairy farming. The flow cytometric cell sorting is the only commercially available method for bovine sperm sexing. For validation of the sexing procedure several methods have been developed including sperm fluorescence in situ hybridisation techniques. Latter usually include the use of pre-labelled nucleotides for probe synthesis which is relatively expensive approach compared to combined application of aminoallyl-dUTP and chemical binding of fluorescent dyes. Here a sex determining dual colour bovine sperm fluorescence in situ hybridisation method is presented which is considered more cost-effective technique than the previously reported approaches.ResultsThe reliability of sex chromosome identifying probes, designed in silico, was proven on bovine metaphase plate chromosomes and through comparison with a commercially available standard method. In the dual colour FISH experiments of unsexed and sexed bovine sperm samples the hybridisation efficiency was at least 98%, whereas the determined sex ratios were not statistically different from the expected. Very few cells carried both of the sex chromosome-specific signals (less than 0.2%).ConclusionsA protocol for a dual colour bovine sperm FISH method is provided which is cost-effective, simple and fast for sex determination of spermatozoa in bull semen samples.
| S-EPMC6446427 | biostudies-literature
Project description:INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia is a heritable disorder, however clear genetic architecture has not been detected. To overcome this state of uncertainty, the SZGene database has been established by including all published case-control genetic association studies appearing in peer-reviewed journals. In the current study, we aimed to determine if genetic variants strongly suggested by SZGene are associated with risk of schizophrenia in our case-control samples of Japanese ancestry. In addition, by employing the additive model for aggregating the effect of seven variants, we aimed to verify the genetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia diagnosed by an operative diagnostic manual, the DSM-IV. METHODS: Each positively suggested genetic polymorphism was ranked according to its p-value, then the seven top-ranked variants (p < 0.0005) were selected from DRD2, DRD4, GRIN2B, TPH1, MTHFR, and DTNBP1 (February, 2007). 407 Schizophrenia cases and 384 controls participated in this study. To aggregate the vulnerability of the disorder based on the participants' genetic information, we calculated the "risk-index" by adding the number of genetic risk factors. RESULTS: No statistically significant deviation between cases and controls was observed in the genetic risk-index derived from all seven variants on the top-ranked polymorphisms. In fact, the average risk-index score in the schizophrenia group (6.5+/-1.57) was slightly lower than among controls (6.6+/-1.39). CONCLUSION: The current work illustrates the difficulty in identifying universal and definitive risk-conferring polymorphisms for schizophrenia. Our employed number of samples was small, so we can not preclude the possibility that some or all of these variants are minor risk factors for schizophrenia in the Japanese population. It is also important to aggregate the updated positive variants in the SZGene database when the replication work is conducted.
| S-EPMC3198897 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:To develop a Chinese version of the Newest Vital Sign (NVS-CHN) instrument and evaluate its psychometric properties. METHODS:To deal with cross-cultural adaptation problems, after translation of the NVS into Chinese, the Delphi method was used for experts and cognitive testing was used for participants. A cross-sectional study including 351 participants was conducted to assess the validity of the NVS-CHN. Internal reliability, criterion validity, and known-groups validity were investigated. The NVS-CHN was further validated against a suitable standard, the Chinese Citizen Health Literacy Questionnaire (CCHLQ). RESULTS:The validity of the NVS-CHN was established by conducting a Delphi survey (three rounds) and cognitive testing (three rounds). Cronbach's alpha was 0.71, indicating that internal consistency was acceptable. A Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.68 between the NVS-CHN and CCHLQ revealed excellent criterion validity. Differences in NVS-CHN scores by education level confirmed known-groups validity. A receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.81, indicating that the NVS-CHN was an accurate health literacy assessment tool. A score ≥ 4 out of 6 best identified participants with adequate health literacy. CONCLUSIONS:The NVS-CHN has excellent psychometrical reliability and validity, which make it a suitable tool to evaluate health literacy in China.
| S-EPMC5755884 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposeIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in high mortality and morbidity for patients. Previous retrospective studies correlated the spot sign score (SSSc) with ICH expansion, mortality, and clinical outcome among ICH survivors. We performed a prospective study to validate the SSSc for the prediction of ICH expansion, mortality, and clinical outcome among survivors.MethodsWe prospectively included consecutive patients with primary ICH presenting to a single institution for a 1.5-year period. All patients underwent baseline noncontrast computed tomography (CT) and multidetector CT angiography performed within 24 hours of admission and a follow-up noncontrast CT within 48 hours after the initial CT. The ICH volume was calculated on the noncontrast CT images using semiautomated software. The SSSc was calculated on the multidetector CT angiographic source images. We assessed in-hospital mortality and modified Rankin Scale at discharge and at 3 months among survivors. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of hematoma expansion, in-hospital mortality, and poor clinical outcome.ResultsA total of 131 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of the 131 patients, a spot sign was detected in 31 patients (24%). In a multivariate analysis, the SSSc predicted significant hematoma expansion (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.77-5.39; P≤0.0001), in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 4.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.11-7.94; P≤0.0001), and poor clinical outcome (odds ratio, 3; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.42; P=0.004). In addition, the SSSc was an accurate grading scale for ICH expansion, modified Rankin Scale at discharge, and in-hospital mortality.ConclusionsThe SSSc demonstrated a strong stepwise correlation with hematoma expansion and clinical outcome in patients with primary ICH.
| S-EPMC4187102 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeVisual Stress (VS) is a condition in which words appear blurred, in motion, or otherwise distorted when reading. Some people diagnosed with VS find that viewing black text on white paper through coloured overlays or precision tinted lenses (PTLs) reduces symptoms attributed to VS. The aim of the present study is to determine whether the choice of colour of overlays or PTLs is influenced by a patient's gender.MethodsRecords of all patients attending a VS assessment in two optometry practices between 2009 and 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients who reported a significant and consistent reduction in symptoms with either overlay and or PTL were included in the analysis. Overlays and PTLs were categorized as stereotypical male, female or neutral colours based on gender preferences as described in the literature. Chi-square analysis was carried out to determine whether gender (across all ages or within age groups) was associated with overlay or PTL colour choice.Results279 patients (133 males and 146 females, mean age 17 years) consistently showed a reduction in symptoms with an overlay and were included. Chi-square analysis revealed no significant association between the colour of overlay chosen and male or female gender (Chi-square 0.788, p = 0.674). 244 patients (120 males and 124 females, mean age 24.5 years) consistently showed a reduction in symptoms with PTLs and were included. Chi-square analysis revealed a significant association between stereotypical male/female/neutral colours of PTLs chosen and male/female gender (Chi-square 6.46, p = 0.040). More males preferred stereotypical male colour PTLs including blue and green while more females preferred stereotypical female colour PTLs including pink and purple.ConclusionsFor some VS patients, the choice of PTL colour is influenced not only by the alleviation of symptoms but also by other non-visual factors such as gender.
| S-EPMC5029909 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Wild capture can be stressful for fish. Stress has the potential to induce mortality in released unwanted catches or negative flesh quality consequences in retained ones. Such effects compromise sustainable natural resource management and industry profitability. Mitigating stress during capture is therefore desirable. Biological indicators of stress can objectively inform fishers as to the functional welfare status of catches during fishing operations. If they are to be of practical use in mitigating stress during wild capture events, such indicators must be quantifiable, respond rapidly, reflect the level of induced stress and be easily observable. Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) are extensively targeted by purse seine fisheries in European waters but are particularly vulnerable to stress. Excessive crowding in the net is thought to be the principal stress mechanism. There is therefore a need to develop indicators of crowding stress for this species so that catch welfare can be improved. Here, we demonstrate that S. scombrus exhibit a skin colour change from predominately green to predominately blue when exposed to crowding stress. In sea cage trials, we induced various degrees of stress in groups of wild-caught S. scombrus by manipulating crowding density and its duration. Skin colour was quantified in air using digital photography. The colour change occurred rapidly (within the typical duration of crowding events in the fishery), and its magnitude was correlated to the severity and duration of crowding. Bluer fish were also associated with higher levels of plasma lactate. No appreciable colour change was observed in uncrowded (control) groups during the treatment period. Nonetheless, unstressed S. scombrus did turn blue <1 h after death. Together, these results indicate that skin colour change has the potential to be a useful real-time indicator of crowding stress for S. scombrus and could therefore be used to improve welfare during wild capture fishing.
| S-EPMC9306841 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Motivation deficits are common in several disorders including schizophrenia, and are an important factor in both functioning and treatment adherence. Self-Determination Theory (SDT), a leading macro-theory of motivation, has contributed a number of insights into how motivation is impaired in schizophrenia. Nonetheless, self-report measures of motivation appropriate for people with severe mental illness (including those that emphasize SDT) are generally lacking in the literature. To fill this gap, we adapted and abbreviated the well-validated General Causality Orientation Scale for use with people with schizophrenia and with other severe mental disorders (GCOS-clinical populations; GCOS-CP). In Study 1, we tested the similarity of our measure to the existing GCOS (using a college sample) and then validated this new measure in a schizophrenia and healthy control sample (Study 2). Results from Study 1 (N=360) indicated that the GCOS-CP was psychometrically similar to the original GCOS and provided good convergent and discriminant validity. In Study 2, the GCOS-CP was given to individuals with (N=44) and without schizophrenia (N=42). In line with both laboratory-based and observer-based research, people with schizophrenia showed lower motivational autonomy and higher impersonal/amotivated orientations. Additional applications of the GCOS-CP are discussed.
| S-EPMC4267906 | biostudies-literature