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ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY AS A PRELUDE TO LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY.

ABSTRACT: Seventy patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were evaluated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) preoperatively, All the ERCs were performed by the laparoscopic surgeon, 1 to 30 days prior to surgery. In all cases including those converted to open cholecystectomy (5 out of 70, 7.1%), ERC helped in clear delineation of the biliary tree, cystic duct and gallbladder, making dissection of the Calot's triangle safe. Four cases of common bile duct (CBD) stones detected at ERC were managed by papillotomy and basketing. In nine cases (12.8%), anomalies of the biliary tree were detected. Average time taken for ERC was 12 minutes (7-28 minutes); while intraopertaive cholangiogram (one case) took 25 minutes. ERC gives a clear outline of the biliary anatomy and greatly facilitates laparoscopic cholecystectomy, It helps avoid open cholecystectomy because of CBD stones. It also reduces the laparoscopic operating time by the duration normally taken to do intraoperative cholangiography.

SUBMITTER: Rau BK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5533107 | biostudies-other | 1994 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Background & aimsCholecystectomy (CCY) after an episode of choledocholithiasis requiring endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with stone extraction reduces recurrent biliary events compared to expectant management. We studied practice patterns for performance of CCY after ERCP for choledocholithiasis using data from 3 large states and evaluated the effects of delaying CCY.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the ambulatory surgery, inpatient, and emergency department databases from the states of California (years 2009-2011), New York (2011-2013), and Florida (2012-2014). We collected data from 4516 patients hospitalized with choledocholithiasis who underwent ERCP. We compared outcomes of patients who underwent CCY at index admission (early CCY), elective CCY within 60 days of discharge (delayed CCY), or did not undergo CCY (no CCY), calculating rate of recurrent biliary events (defined as an emergency department visit or unplanned hospitalization due to symptomatic cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, or biliary pancreatitis), mortality, and cost by CCY cohort. We also evaluated risk factors for not undergoing CCY. The primary outcome measure was the rate of recurrent biliary events in the 365 days after discharge from index admission.ResultsOf the patients who underwent ERCP for choledocholithiasis, 41.2% underwent early CCY, 10.9% underwent delayed CCY, and 48.0% underwent no CCY. Early CCY reduced relative risk of recurrent biliary events within 60 days by 92%, compared with delayed or no CCY (P < .001). After 60 days following discharge from index admission, patients with early CCY had an 87% lower risk of recurrent biliary events than patients with no CCY (P < .001) and patients with delayed CCY had an 88% lower risk of recurrent biliary events than patients with no CCY (P < .001). A strategy of delayed CCY performed on an outpatient basis was least costly. Performance of early CCY was inversely associated with low facility volume. Hispanic race, Asian race, Medicaid insurance, and no insurance associated inversely with performance of delayed CCY.ConclusionsIn a retrospective analysis of >4500 patients hospitalized with choledocholithiasis, we found that CCY was not performed after ERCP for almost half of the cases. Although early and delayed CCY equally reduce the risk of subsequent recurrent biliary events, patients are at 10-fold higher risk of recurrent biliary event while waiting for a delayed CCY compared with patients who underwent early CCY. Delayed CCY is a cost-effective strategy that must be balanced against the risk of loss to follow-up, particularly among patients who are ethnic minorities or have little or no health insurance.

Project description:BackgroundAcute cholecystitis is one of the most common emergent surgeries. As a safe alternative in challenging operations, laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) is widely used. We questioned whether the results in acute cholecystitis cases changed with a history of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). When we searched the literature, we could not find a study focusing on the subtotal cholestectomy results in acute cholecystitis. In our study, we aimed to investigate whether the history of ERCP affects the rates of subtotal cholecystectomy (SC) in acute cholecystitis.MethodsThe results of patients (n=470) who underwent surgery for acute cholecystitis at our clinic between 2016 and 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups according to their history of ERCP. The primary outcome was the SC rate. The secondary outcomes were conversion to open, postoperative complications, serious complications, operative duration, and length of hospital stay.ResultsThe standard group included 437 patients, whereas the ERCP group included 33 patients. A total of 16 patients underwent SC, with 15 in the standard group and 1 in the ERCP group. There was no significant difference in terms of SC rates between groups (P=0.902). While four cases of operation were completed with conversion to open in the non-ERCP group, no conversion was seen in the ERCP group (P=0.581). No significant differences were detected between the groups in terms of complications, serious compli-cations, operation duration, length of hospital stay, and mortality.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that ERCP is not related to an increased rate of SC and conversion in patients with acute cholecystitis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis can be safely performed in patients with a history of ERCP. LSC is a safe procedure in challenging patients, and fenestrating SC can be preferred to avoid hazardous consequences in such cases.

Project description:BackgroundEndoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) with stone extraction and papillotomy with subsequent laparoscopic cholecystectomy-the two-step approach-is the standard treatment of common bile duct stones in many countries. However, ERC is associated with a high risk of complications and more than half of patients require multiple ERCs. Meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials find no major differences of the two-step approach in comparison with laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative laparoscopic stone clearance-the one-step approach. Currently, there are insufficient data to ascertain superiority.MethodsThe preGallstep trial is an investigator-initiated, multicentre randomised feasibility and pilot clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment. Eligible patients are patients with common bile duct stones (identified by magnetic resonance cholagiopancreatography), age 18 years or above with the possibility to perform both interventions within a reasonable time. We intent to randomise 150 participants allocated 1:1. The experimental intervention is the one-step approach. This consists of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration plus laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The control intervention is the two-step approach which consists of ERC plus sphincterotomy (first step) and subsequent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (second step). Feasibility outcomes include the proportion of eligible patients not wanting to participate, reasons for rejection to participate, difficulties during the informed consent procedure, difficulties with randomisation, difficulties with data management, difficulties with blinding patient charts and forms and difficulties with maintaining blinding for the outcome assessors. The primary pilot outcome is the proportion of participants with at least one postoperative complication according to the Clavien-Dindo score grade II and above until 90 days after randomisation. This outcome will be used for a future sample size calculation of a larger pragmatic trial. Further, a range of clinical explorative outcomes will be assessed.DiscussionAs no sample size is estimated in this trial, there is a risk of wrongly assessing the effect on the patient-related outcome. The surgical procedures cannot be blinded. However, blinding will be employed in all other aspects of the trial, including the establishment of a blinded outcome adjudication committee with three independent assessors. Heterogeneity in screening, randomisation, diagnostics, treatment procedures, interventions and follow-up across trial sites may cause challenges in conducting a larger pragmatic trial. To monitor inter-site differences, we have implemented a central data monitoring scheme.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identification: NCT04801238 , Registered on 16 March 2021.

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ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY AS A PRELUDE TO LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY.

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