Comparison study on antioxidant, DNA damage protective and antibacterial activities of eugenol and isoeugenol against several foodborne pathogens.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zhang LL
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5533134 | biostudies-other | 2017
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Eugenol is the major component of clove essential oil and has demonstrated relevant biological potential with well-known antimicrobial and antioxidant action. Therefore, this work carried out the synthesis, purification, characterization, and evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of 19 eugenol derivatives. The derivatives were produced by esterification reactions in the hydroxyl group (-OH) of eugenol with different carboxylic acids and also by addition reactions in the double bond of the allyl group. The derivatives had a promising antibacterial potential, including a lower minimum inhibitory concentration of 500 μg/mL than eugenol (1000 μg/mL). In addition, the derivatives were active against bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) that eugenol itself showed no activity, thus increasing the spectrum of antibacterial action. As for the antioxidant activity, it was observed that the derivatives that involved esterification reactions in the hydroxyl group (-OH) of the eugenol molecule's phenol resulted in a significant reduction of the antioxidant action (IC50 > 100 μg/mL) when compared with the eugenol precursor molecule (IC50 = 4.38 μg/mL). On the other hand, the structural changes located in the double bond affected much more smoothly the capacity of capturing radicals than the starting molecule, also being obtained derivatives with proximal antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 19.30 μg/mL) to commercial standards such as Trolox (IC50 = 16.00 μg/mL).
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Project description:Food is always subjected to microbial infection and lipid peroxidation, which frequently leads to serious food intoxications. In the present study, essential oils (EOs) extracted from Lavandula dentata Moroccan species and its major component (linalool) were chemically characterized and their antioxidant potential and antibacterial properties against foodborne pathogenic bacteria were examined. EOs phytochemical profile was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). The antioxidant potential was evaluated, in vitro, by use of the β-carotene discoloration assay and in silico vs. NADPH oxidase enzymatic complex as an antioxidant marker. The antibacterial proprieties were assessed by use of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion methods, against Gram (−) bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli) and Gram (+) bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus). Linalool (49.71%) was the major component among the eighteen components identified in Lavandula dentate EO, followed by camphor (14.36%) and borneol (8.21%). The studied EO and linalool compounds showed important antioxidant activity through the β-carotene discoloration test with IC50 values of 35.72 ± 1.21 mg/mL and 30.32 ± 1.23 mg/mL, respectively. Among all the analyzed compounds of lavender EOs, thymol, carvacrol, and α-terpineol were the most active compounds against NADPH oxidase with a glide score of −6.483, −6.17, and −4.728 kcal/mol, respectively. 2D and 3D views showed the formation of hydrogen bonds between the most active compounds and the active site of NADPH oxidase. The antibacterial data showed a significant activity of Lavandula dentata essences against tested foodborne pathogenic bacteria, especially against S. aureus and B. subtilis. Linalool proved active toward the same bacteria and had closer activity to that of lavender essential oil. In light of the obtained findings, the essential oil of Lavandula dentata Moroccan species can be used in the packaging sector as a promising natural food conservative to limit lipid oxidation and treat foodborne infections.
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Project description:Five glutinous purple rice cultivars and non-glutinous purple rice cultivated in different altitudes in the north of Thailand were collected. The samples were extracted using ethanol and determined for anthocyanins using HPLC. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities against foodborne pathogens were investigated. The highland glutinous cultivar named Khao' Gam Luem-Phua (KGLP) extract had significantly high levels of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, TPC, and TFC, as well as exerting a potent antioxidant activity through ABTS assay (524.26 ± 4.63 VCEAC, mg l-ascorbic-ascorbic/g extract), lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 19.70 ± 0.31 µg/mL), superoxide anions (IC50 = 11.20 ± 0.25 µg/mL), nitric oxide (IC50 = 17.12 ± 0.56 µg/mL), a suppression effect on nitric oxide (IC50 = 18.32 ± 0.82 µg/mL), and an inducible nitric oxide synthase production (IC50 = 23.43 ± 1.21 µg/mL) in combined lipopolysaccharide-interferon-γ-activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Additionally, KGLP also exhibited antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. These results indicate that Thai glutinous purple rice cultivated on the highland could be a potent natural source of antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and antimicrobial agents for use as a natural active pharmaceutical ingredient in functional food and nutraceutical products.
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Project description:Multidrug-resistant pathogens have become a major public health concern. There is a great need for the development of novel antibiotics with alternative mechanisms of action for the treatment of life-threatening bacterial infections. Antimicrobial peptides, a major class of antibacterial agents, share amphiphilicity and cationic structural properties with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Herein, several amphiphilic cyclic CPPs and their analogues were synthesized and exhibited potent antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Among all the peptides, cyclic peptide [R4W4] (1) showed the most potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA, exhibiting a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.67 μg/mL]. Cyclic [R4W4] and the linear counterpart R4W4 exhibited MIC values of 42.8 and 21.7 μg/mL, respectively, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In eukaryotic cells, peptide 1 exhibited the expected cell penetrating properties and showed >84% cell viability at a concentration of 15 μM (20.5 μg/mL) in three different human cell lines. Twenty-four hour time-kill studies evaluating [R4W4] with 2 times the MIC in combination with tetracycline demonstrated bactericidal activity at 4 and 8 times the MIC of tetracycline against MRSA (MIC = 0.5 μg/mL) and 2-8 times the MIC against Escherichia coli (MIC = 2 μg/mL). This study suggests that when amphiphilic cyclic CPPs are used in combination with an antibiotic such as tetracycline, they provide significant benefit against multidrug-resistant pathogens when compared with the antibiotic alone.
| S-EPMC4186684 | biostudies-other
Project description:Previous work showed that peptides from duck eggs incubated for 15 D presented high total antioxidant activities. Here, this work explore the antioxidant activities of different segments, ZT1 (≤3 KD), ZT2 (≤10 KD), and ZT3 (≤30 KD), derived from duck embryo peptides and their protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. Peptides present no cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells. Moreover, ZT1 exhibits a higher ability to scavenge several radicals as well as stronger inhibition of H2O2-induced oxidative stress than ZT2 and ZT3. The activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase as well as total superoxide dismutase increase in a concentration-dependent manner. Peptides are isolated from ZT1 and then subjected to LC-MS/MS to identify their sequences, followed by functional annotation, bioinformatics prediction, and hot-spot motif recognition. As a result, 413 potential functional peptides are identified, with some compounds exhibiting more than 1 function. This work will help for exploring bioactive substances in duck embryo eggs and enhance the utilization value of duck or other poultry eggs.
| S-EPMC8914000 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ankaferd hemostat (Ankaferd Blood Stopper®, ABS)-induced pharmacological modulation of essential erythroid proteins can cause vital erythroid aggregation via acting on fibrinogen gamma. Topical endoscopic ABS application is effective in the controlling of gastrointestinal (GI) system hemorrhages and/or infected GI wounds. Escherichia coli O157:H7, the predominant serotype of enterohemorrhagic E. coli, is a cause of both outbreaks and sporadic cases of hemorrhagic colitis. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of ABS on 6 different Shiga toxigenic E. coli serotypes including O26, O103, O104, O111, O145, and O157 and on other pathogens significant in foodborne diseases, such as Salmonella Typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monocytogenes, were also assessed.All strains were applied with different amounts of ABS and antimicrobial effect was screened. S. Typhimurium groups were screened for survival using the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique.The relative efficacy of ABS solutions to achieve significant logarithmic reduction in foodborne pathogens E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157 serogroups and other emerging foodborne pathogens is demonstrated in this study. ABS has antibacterial effects.Our present study indicated for the first time that ABS may act against E. coli O157:H7, which is a cause of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and hemorrhagic colitis. The interrelationships between colitis, infection, and hemostasis within the context of ABS application should be further investigated in future studies.
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Project description:Aqueous extract of nut by-products (cashewnut shell, coconut shell, and peanut hull) were studied for their physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity and food preservation potential in an artificially inoculated fresh-cut fruit (papaya) model. Physicochemical characteristics revealed the colour, odor, nearly neutral pH (6.67-6.83), high water solubility (69.18-82.63%) and total phenolic content (1130.54-2403.41 mg GAE/100 g) of the extracts. The antibacterial property of the extracts evaluated by zone of inhibition assay revealed that cashew nut shell extract had a strong inhibition effect on Escherichia coli (18 mm), Listeria monocytogenes (18 mm), and Salmonella enterica (16 mm). Food preservative effect of extracts was examined in an artificially inoculated fresh-cut papaya model, and both cashewnut and coconut shell extracts significantly reduced the population of the above mentioned foodborne pathogens. However, when compared to coconut shell extract, the application of cashewnut shell extract was found to affect the sensory property of the fresh-cut fruit as darkening of the cut fruit was observed. So, the coconut shell extract could be considered as a natural source of antibacterial agent for food preservative applications. Phytochemical investigation through LC-MS/MS technique revealed that luteolin as the major constituent of coconut shell extract.
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Project description:Silver nanoparticles plays a vital role in the development of new antimicrobial substances against a number of pathogenic microorganisms. These nanoparticles due to their smaller size could be very effective as they can improve the antibacterial activity through lysis of bacterial cell wall. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using various plants and plant products has recently been successfully accomplished. However, few studies have investigated the use of industrial waste materials in nanoparticle synthesis. In the present investigation, synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was attempted using the aqueous extract of corn leaf waste of Zea mays, which is a waste material from the corn industry. The synthesized AgNPs were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus ATCC 13061, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49444, Escherichia coli ATCC 43890, and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 43174) along with the study of its synergistic antibacterial activity. The anticandidal activity of AgNPs were evaluated against Candida species (C. albicans KACC 30003 and KACC 30062, C. glabrata KBNO6P00368, C. geochares KACC 30061, and C. saitoana KACC 41238), together with the antioxidant potential. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry with surface plasmon resonance at 450 nm followed by the analysis using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The AgNPs displayed moderate antibacterial activity (9.26-11.57 mm inhibition zone) against all five foodborne pathogenic bacteria. When AgNPs were mixed with standard antibacterial or anticandidal agent, they displayed strong synergistic antibacterial (10.62-12.80 mm inhibition zones) and anticandidal activity (11.43-14.33 mm inhibition zones). In addition, the AgNPs exhibited strong antioxidant potential. The overall results highlighted the potential use of maize industrial waste materials in the synthesis of AgNPs and their utilization in various applications particularly as antibacterial substance in food packaging, food preservation to protect against various dreadful foodborne pathogenic bacteria together with its biomedical, pharmaceutical based activities.
| S-EPMC5309230 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The emergence and dissemination of multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens necessitate research to find new antimicrobials against these organisms. We investigated antimicrobial production by eastern subterranean termites, Reticulitermes flavipes, against a panel of bacteria including three multidrug resistant (MDR) and four non-MDR human pathogens. We determined that the crude extract of naïve termites had a broad-spectrum activity against the non-MDR bacteria but it was ineffective against the three MDR pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Acinetobacter baumannii. Heat or trypsin treatment resulted in a complete loss of activity suggesting that antibacterial activity was proteinaceous in nature. The antimicrobial activity changed dramatically when the termites were fed with either heat-killed P. aeruginosa or MRSA. Heat-killed P. aeruginosa induced activity against P. aeruginosa and MRSA while maintaining or slightly increasing activity against non-MDR bacteria. Heat-killed MRSA induced activity specifically against MRSA, altered the activity against two other Gram-positive bacteria, and inhibited activity against three Gram-negative bacteria. Neither the naïve termites nor the termites challenged with heat-killed pathogens produced antibacterial activity against A. baumannii. Further investigation demonstrated that hemolymph, not the hindgut, was the primary source of antibiotic activity. This suggests that the termite produces these antibacterial activities and not the hindgut microbiota. Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analyses of 493 hemolymph protein spots indicated that a total of 38 and 65 proteins were differentially expressed at least 2.5-fold upon being fed with P. aeruginosa and MRSA, respectively. Our results provide the first evidence of constitutive and inducible activities produced by R. flavipes against human bacterial pathogens.
| S-EPMC5017719 | biostudies-literature