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Benign course after acute high dose levothyroxine intoxication in a 3-year-old boy.

ABSTRACT: Acute ingestion of thyroid hormone preparations is a common intoxication, with 181 cases in children <12 yr in 2009 in the Netherlands, but generally has a mild course. However, some reports show that even low dosages may cause serious events such as seizures, thyroid storm and coma. We report a 3 yr old boy case with an acute intoxication with high dose levothyroxine (0.5 mg/kg). We describe the proper management of levothyroxine intoxication in children. A 3-year-old boy with no notable medical history ingested sixty tablets of levothyroxine 150 µg. His vital-signs were normal and the only symptom during admission was a tachycardia the following day. Laboratory data showed elevated T3, fT3 and fT4 levels; and decrease TSH levels. He was treated prophylactically and therapeutically with activated charcoal and propranolol. Despite very high levels, his clinical symptoms were relatively mild. After clinical follow-up for 3 d he was discharged. We propose that children with thyroid hormone intoxication with either a levothyroxine dose >0.1 g/kg, a short interval since ingestion, symptomatic presentation, and/or a fT4 >100 pmol/l should be monitored in the hospital during at least 48-72 h post-ingestion and on an outpatient basis for 14 d.

SUBMITTER: Hartman S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5537213 | biostudies-other | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Kingella kingae is an important cause of invasive infections in young children from Western countries. Although increasing reports indicate that this organism is the leading agent of bone and joint infections in early childhood, data on K. kingae infections from resource-limited settings are scarce, and none has yet been reported in Africa. We herein report the diagnostic and epidemiological investigations of the first case of K. kingae arthritis identified in a child from sub-Saharan Africa. A 5-year-old Cameroonian boy presented with a sudden painful limp which appeared in the course of a mild rhinopharyngitis. He lived in Cameroon where he had been vaccinated with BCG at birth and moved to France for holidays 4?days before consultation. There was no history of trauma and he did not have any underlying medical condition. Upon admission, he had a temperature of 36.7°C, and clinical examination revealed right-sided knee tenderness and effusion that was confirmed by ultrasound imaging. Laboratory results showed a white blood cell count of 5,700?cells/mm3, C-reactive protein level of 174?mg/L, and platelet count of 495,000?cells/mm3. He underwent an arthrocentesis and was immediately given intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanate. Conventional cultures from blood samples and synovial fluids were negative. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the broad-range 16S rRNA gene and real-time quantitative PCR assays targeting Mycobacterium species were negative. Surprisingly, real-time PCR assays targeting the cpn60, rtxA, and rtxB genes of K. kingae were positive. Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization specific for K. kingae identified the presence of numerous coccobacilli located within the synovial fluid. Finally, multilocus sequence typing analysis performed on deoxyribonucleic acid directly extracted from joint fluid disclosed a novel K. kingae sequence-type complex. This case report demonstrates that K. kingae may be considered as a potential cause of septic arthritis in children living in sub-Saharan Africa, and hence the burden of K. kingae infection may be not limited to the Western countries. Further studies are required to determine the prevalence of K. kingae infection and carriage in Africa.

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Benign course after acute high dose levothyroxine intoxication in a 3-year-old boy.

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