A cohort study of low birth weight and health outcomes in the first year of life, Ghana.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: O'Leary M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5537746 | biostudies-other | 2017 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Very low birth weight (VLBW: ≤1500 g) is associated with multiple short and long-term complications. This study aimed to examine outcomes and predictors of functioning, mental health, and health-related quality of life in adults born with VLBW. In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, 67 VLBW and 102 control participants were assessed using the Adult Self-Report of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment and Global Assessment of Functioning at 26 years, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Short Form-36 at 28 years of age. Associations between perinatal and childhood predictors and adult functioning were assessed using linear regression. Compared with controls, the VLBW group had lower mean raw scores on the Function and Symptom subscales of the Global Assessment of Functioning at 26 years, a higher sum score of symptoms of anxiety and depression due to more depressive symptoms, and poorer mental health-related quality of life at 28 years. The mean group differences ranged from 0.42 to 0.99 SD. Within the VLBW group, lower birth weight and gestational age, a higher number of days with respiratory support and poorer motor function at 14 years were associated with a higher sum score of symptoms of anxiety and depression at 28 years. Days with respiratory support and motor function at 14 years were also predictive of Global Assessment of Functioning scores at 26 years, and mental health-related quality of life at 28 years. Poorer motor and cognitive function at five years were associated with poorer physical health-related quality of life at 28 years. Parental socioeconomic status was related to mental and physical health-related quality of life. In this study, VLBW adults reported poorer functioning and mental health-related quality of life, and more depressive symptoms than their term born peers. Days with respiratory support and adolescent motor function predicted most of the adult outcomes. This study explicates perinatal and developmental markers during childhood and adolescence which can be target points for interventions.
| S-EPMC9632018 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Randomised trials have shown that early Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine reduces overall neonatal and infant mortality. However, no study has examined how BCG affects growth. We investigated the effect on infant growth of early BCG vaccine given to low-birth-weight (LBW) infants.Two-thousand three hundred forty-three LBW infants were randomly allocated 1:1 to "early BCG" (intervention group) or "late BCG" (current practice). Furthermore, a subgroup (N = 1717) were included in a two-by-two randomised trial in which they were additionally randomised 1:1 to vitamin A supplementation (VAS) or placebo. Anthropometric measurements were obtained 2, 6, and 12 months after enrolment.Overall there was no effect of early BCG on growth in the first year of life. The effect of early BCG on weight and mid-upper-arm circumference at 2 months tended to be beneficial among girls but not among boys (interaction between "early BCG" and sex: weight p = 0.03 and MUAC p?= 0.04). This beneficial effect among girls was particularly seen among the largest infants weighing 2.0 kg or more at inclusion.Though BCG vaccination is not recommended to be given to LBW infants at birth in Guinea-Bissau, early BCG had no negative effect on infant growth and may have had a beneficial effect for girls.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00146302).
| S-EPMC4587923 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Rapid weight gain (RWG) during infancy increases the risk of excess weight later in life. Nutrition- and feeding practices associated with RWG need to be further examined. The present study aimed to examine nutrition- and feeding practice-related risk factors for RWG during the first year of life. METHODS:A population-based longitudinal birth cohort study of 1780 infants, classified as having RWG or non-RWG during 0-3-4, 0-6 and 6-12?months. RWG was defined as a change >?0.67 in weight standard deviation scores. Associations between nutrition- and feeding practice-related factors and RWG were examined with logistic regression models. RESULTS:Of the participating infants, 47% had RWG during 0-3-4?months, 46% during 0-6?months and 8% during 6-12?months. In the fully adjusted models, bottle-feeding at birth and at 3-4?months and nighttime meals containing formula milk were positively associated with RWG during 0-3-4?months (p?<?0.05 for all). Breastfeeding at 3-4?months and nighttime meals containing breast milk were negatively associated with RWG during this period (p?<?0.001). Bottle-feeding at birth, 3-4 and 6?months and nighttime meals containing formula milk at 3-4?months were positively associated with RWG during 0-6?months (p?<?0.01 for all). Breastfeeding at 3-4 and 6?months was negatively associated with RWG (p?<?0.01). During 6-12?months, only bottle-feeding at 3-4?months was positively associated with RWG (p?<?0.05). CONCLUSIONS:RWG was more common during the first 6?months of life and bottle-feeding and formula milk given at night were risk factors for RWG during this period.
| S-EPMC7643358 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo explain weight gain patterns in the first two years of life, we compared the predictive values of potential risk factors individually and within four different domains: prenatal, nutrition, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors.MethodsIn a Dutch population-based birth cohort, length and weight were measured in 2475 infants at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months. Factors that might influence weight gain (e.g. birth weight, parental BMI, breastfeeding, hours of sleep and maternal education) were retrieved from health care files and parental questionnaires. Factors were compared with linear regression to best explain differences in weight gain, defined as changes in Z-score of weight-for-age and weight-for-length over 1-6, 6-12 and 12-24 months. In a two-step approach, factors were first studied individually for their association with growth velocity, followed by a comparison of the explained variance of the four domains.ResultsBirth weight and type of feeding were most importantly related to weight gain in the first six months. Breastfeeding versus formula feeding showed distinct growth patterns in the first six months, but not thereafter. From six months onwards, the ability to explain differences in weight gain decreased substantially (from R2total = 38.7% to R2total<7%).ConclusionBirth weight and breast feeding were most important to explain early weight gain, especially in the first six months of life. After the first six months of life other yet undetermined factors start to play a role.
| S-EPMC4507980 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Optimal nutrient intake ensuring better neurodevelopment for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between early (first 28 days) nutritional intake, first year growth, and neurodevelopment. In total, 120 VLBW infants were included into the study. A group of 95 infants completed follow-up to 12 months of corrected gestational age (CGA). Nutrient intake was assessed, and weight, length, and head circumference (HC) were measured weekly until discharge and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of CGA. Neurodevelopment was assessed at 12 months of CGA. Two groups-extremely preterm (EP) and very/moderately preterm (VP)-were compared. Growth before discharge was slower in the EP group than the VP group. At 12 months, there was no difference in anthropometric characteristics or neurodevelopmental scores between the groups. Higher carbohydrate intake during the first 28 days was the single significant predictor for better cognitive scores only in the EP group (βs = 0.60, p = 0.017). Other nutrients and growth before discharge were not significant for cognitive and motor scores in either group in multivariable models, whereas post-discharge HC growth was associated with both cognitive and motor scores in the VP group. Monitoring intake of all nutrients and both pre-discharge and post-discharge growth is essential for gaining knowledge about individualized nutrition for optimal neurodevelopment.
| S-EPMC9506449 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveLow birth weight (LBW) is an important indicator of newborn health and can have long-term implications for a child's development. Spatial exploratory analysis provides a toolkit to gain insight into inequalities in LBW. Few studies in Ghana have explored the spatial distribution of LBW to understand the extent of the problem geographically. This study explores individual and cluster-level distributions of LBW using spatial exploration components for common determinants from nationally representative survey data.DesignWe used data from the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey and conducted individual-level and cluster-level analyses of LBW with place and zone of residence in both bivariate and multivariate analyses. By incorporating spatial and survey designs methodology, logistic and Poisson regression models were used to model LBW.SettingGhana.ParticipantsA total of 4127 women aged between 15 and 49 years were included in the individual-level analysis and 864 clusters corresponding to birth weight.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIndividual and cluster-level distribution for LBW using spatial components for common determinants.ResultsIn the individual-level analysis, place and zone of residence were significantly associated with LBW in the bivariate model but not in a multivariate model. Hotspot analysis indicated the presence of LBW clusters in the middle and northern zones of Ghana. Compared with rural areas, clusters in urban areas had significantly lower LBW (p=0.017). Clusters in the northern zone were significantly associated with higher LBW (p=0.018) compared with the coastal zones.ConclusionOur findings from choropleth hotspot maps suggest LBW clusters in Ghana's northern and middle zones. Disparities between the rural and urban continuum require specific attention to bridge the healthcare system gap for Ghana's northern and middle zones.
| S-EPMC11308880 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Premature infants are at high risk for developmental delay and cognitive dysfunction. Besides medical conditions, growth restriction is regarded as an important risk factor for cognitive and neurodevelopmental dysfunction throughout childhood and adolescence and even into adulthood. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between post-discharge body weight and psychomotor development using a nationwide dataset. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This was a nationwide cohort study conducted in Taiwan. Total of 1791 premature infants born between 2007 and 2011 with a birth weight of less than 1500 g were enrolled into this multi-center study. The data were obtained from the Taiwan Premature Infant Developmental Collaborative Study Group. The growth and neurodevelopmental evaluations were performed at corrected ages of 6, 12 and 24 months. Post-discharge failure to thrive was defined as a body weight below the 3rd percentile of the standard growth curve for Taiwanese children by the corrected age. RESULTS:The prevalence of failure to thrive was 15.8%, 16.9%, and 12.0% at corrected ages of 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. At corrected ages of 24 months, 12.9% had low Mental Developmental Index (MDI) scores (MDI<70), 17.8% had low Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) scores (PDI<70), 12.7% had cerebral palsy, and 29.5% had neurodevelopmental impairment. Post-discharge failure to thrive was significantly associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. After controlling for potential confounding factors (small for gestational age, extra-uterine growth retardation at discharge, cerebral palsy, gender, mild intraventricular hemorrhage, persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn, respiratory distress syndrome, chronic lung disease, hemodynamic significant patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, surfactant use and indomethacin use), post-discharge failure to thrive remained a risk factor. CONCLUSION:This observational study observed the association between lower body weight at corrected age of 6, 12, and 24 months and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes among VLBW premature infants. There are many adverse factors which can influence the neurodevelopment in NICU care. More studies are needed to elucidate the causal relationship.
| S-EPMC5812645 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Being born with low birth weight may have an impact on different aspects of mental health, psychosocial functioning and well-being; however results from studies in young adulthood have so far yielded mixed findings. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term impact in young adulthood on self-reported mental health, health-related quality of life, self-esteem and social relations by investigating differences between two low birth weight groups and a control group.In a follow-up at 20 years of age, 43 preterm VLBW (birth weight ? 1500 g), 55 term SGA (birth weight < 10th percentile) and 74 control subjects completed the Adult Self-Report (ASR) of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, the Adult Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the Short Form 36 Health Survey, the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents-Revised, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale III assessment.The VLBW and SGA groups reported significantly more mental health problems than controls. The VLBW group predominantly had internalizing problems, and the non-significant association with ASR Total score was reduced by the Intelligence Quotient (IQ). The SGA group had increased scores on both internalizing and externalizing problems, and the association with ASR Total score remained significant after adjusting for IQ in this group. Both low birth weight groups reported less interaction with friends and lower quality of life related to mental health domains than controls. Self-esteem scores were lower than in the control group for athletic competence (VLBW) and social acceptance (SGA).Our findings suggest that self-reported mental health and well-being in young adulthood may be adversely affected by low birth weight, irrespective of whether this is the result of premature birth or being born SGA at term.
| S-EPMC3541130 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectiveAssessment of health-related quality of life for individuals born very preterm and/or low birthweight (VP/VLBW) offers valuable complementary information alongside biomedical assessments. However, the impact of VP/VLBW status on health-related quality of life in adulthood is inconclusive. The objective of this study was to examine associations between VP/VLBW status and preference-based health-related quality-of-life outcomes in early adulthood.MethodsIndividual participant data were obtained from five prospective cohorts of individuals born VP/VLBW and controls contributing to the 'Research on European Children and Adults Born Preterm' Consortium. The combined dataset included over 2100 adult VP/VLBW survivors with an age range of 18-29 years. The main exposure was defined as birth before 32 weeks' gestation (VP) and/or birth weight below 1500 g (VLBW). Outcome measures included multi-attribute utility scores generated by the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 and the Short Form 6D. Data were analysed using generalised linear mixed models in a one-step approach using fixed-effects and random-effects models.ResultsVP/VLBW status was associated with a significant difference in the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 multi-attribute utility score of - 0.06 (95% confidence interval - 0.08, - 0.04) in comparison to birth at term or at normal birthweight; this was not replicated for the Short Form 6D. Impacted functional domains included vision, ambulation, dexterity and cognition. VP/VLBW status was not associated with poorer emotional or social functioning, or increased pain.ConclusionsVP/VLBW status is associated with lower overall health-related quality of life in early adulthood, particularly in terms of physical and cognitive functioning. Further studies that estimate the effects of VP/VLBW status on health-related quality-of-life outcomes in mid and late adulthood are needed.
| S-EPMC9813180 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMore than half of parents underestimate their overweight child's weight; however, previous research focuses on children older than 2 years of age. The objective of this study was to assess whether parents of 2- to 12-month-old infants are able to accurately perceive their children's weight status.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of data collected from the Greenlight study, a cluster randomized obesity prevention trial, at 4 pediatric clinics serving diverse and low-income populations. Infants' length and weight were measured at well-child checks, and parents completed questionnaires including demographic characteristics and perception of their children's weight. Weight-for-length (WFL) percentile at the fifth to ≤95 was considered healthy weight and WFL percentile >95th was considered overweight. We used chi-squared tests to compare accuracy according to weight category and performed logistic regression analysis to assess accuracy at each time point.ResultsApproximately 85% to 90% of infants (n = 853 at 2 months, n = 563 at 12 months) were at a healthy WFL at all measurement times, and parents of these infants were more likely to have an accurate perception of their child's weight (accuracy 89%-95%) than overweight children (accuracy 7%-26%; P < .001 across time points). Approximately 10% of healthy weight infants were perceived as underweight by their parents at all time points. At 12 months, mothers who were overweight were significantly more likely to underestimate their child's weight status (P = .008).ConclusionsIn our diverse and low-income sample, parents of overweight infants infrequently know that their infants are overweight. Future studies should examine how perception is related to feeding habits and weight status over time.
| S-EPMC4976024 | biostudies-literature