Proper oral hygiene protocols decreased inflammation of gingivitis in a patient during chemotherapy with bevacizumab: a case report.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Mori K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5538079 | biostudies-other | 2017 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BACKGROUND:The oral health status of pregnant women in low-resource communities such as Nepal has not been well characterized. This sub-population is also of specific interest given associations between poor oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes previously documented in other settings. We explored relationships between gingivitis and risk factors among pregnant women in rural Nepal. METHODS:The design was a community-based, cross-sectional study in a sub-area of Sarlahi District, Nepal. Pregnant women <?26?weeks gestation underwent clinical periodontal exams conducted by community-based oral health workers. Exams included a full mouth assessment measuring bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) (six sites per tooth), and gingival recession, the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the free gingival margin (two direct sites per tooth). Data on participant risk factors were collected through household surveys, including demographic characteristics, oral health behaviors, care seeking, and health attitudes. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess relationships between gingivitis and risk factors. RESULTS:We enrolled 1452 participants, of which 40% (n =?582) had signs of clinical gingivitis and 60% (n =?870) clinical health. Average participant age was 23. Most participants (88%) had never received oral health care. Participants averaged 10% of sites with BOP with most (79%) having ?1 site with BOP. Nine percent of participants had ?1 site with PD ?4?mm, although very few participants (0.7%) had sites with PD ?5?mm. Few participants (13%) had any recession (?1?mm). In the final adjusted model, odds of gingivitis increased by 3% for each year of age (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00, 1.06) and were higher for women of short maternal stature (<?150?cm) (aOR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.79) and among women reporting cost to be a barrier to seeking dental care (aOR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.15). CONCLUSIONS:Gingivitis was common and associated with age, maternal stature, self-reported high cost of dental care, and other risk factors among pregnant women in rural Nepal. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01177111 (Nepal Oil Massage Study) and NCT02788786 (Pilot Trial).
| S-EPMC6321675 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gingivitis can trigger gingival diseases such as periodontitis. Since the complete removal of microbial plaques by mechanical procedures is not conceivable in some conditions and also chemical mouthwashes have a lot of side effects, finding a new treatment strategy would be useful. In the present study, for the first time, the effects of oral nano-curcumin on gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis and mild periodontitis were assessed. Forty eight patients with gingivitis and mild periodontitis participated in this clinical trial. In one group the patients were treated with Sina curcumin capsules 80 mg and the other group received a placebo. Clinical parameters, including modified gingival index, papillary bleeding index, and plaque index were determined on days 0, 7, 14, and 28. There were no significant differences in age, sex, papillary bleeding index (PBI), and modified gingival index (MGI) between the two groups at baseline. There was a dropout of two patients (both from the placebo group). The MGI and PBI have a significantly decreasing trend in both case and control groups and the decreases were severe in the case group. The differences between PBI and MGI in the two groups were significant at 14 and 28 days. The plaque index did not significantly change in either group over the study period. The trend of changes in plaque index was not different between the two groups of the study. In the current study, no side effect was found in the patients. Oral nano-curcumin has positive effects on the decrease of inflammation and gingival bleeding in patients with gingivitis and mild periodontitis. Nano-curcumin capsules have a systemic target site with more bioavailability than topical forms.
| S-EPMC7853903 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Oral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (oPMNs) are essential for the maintenance of oral health. Functionally active oPMNs have been described in oral health, gingivitis and periodontitis. Interestingly, recent evidence showed that oPMNs from chronic periodontitis patients have a similar functional and reactivity pattern compared to oPMNs from healthy subjects. However, it remains unknown whether oPMNs respond to the initiation and resolution of gingival inflammation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the oPMNs’ transcriptional responses during the initiation and resolution of an experimentally induced gingivitis. Oral rinses were obtained from 8 subjects at 4 different time points during the experiment for the isolation of oPMNs; day 0 (baseline), day 9 (during gingivitis challenge), day 14 (end of the challenge) and day 21 (resolution). Transcriptome of oPMNs was determined by RNAsequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was selected at P<0.01 level, and evaluated for pathway regulation at different time points using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis suite. During the gingivitis challenge, dental plaque levels and gingival bleeding levels were significantly increased at day 14 compared to baseline. Transcriptome analysis indicate four major clusters of DEGs, which consisted of a group of 256 initial response DEGs (day 9 only), 221 late response DEGs (day 14 only), 53 persistent response DEGs (consistent at day 9 and day 14), and a group of 524 DEGs showing response only after the gingivitis challenge (day 21 only). Pathway analysis of the initial response DEGs showed their involvement in many immune regulatory pathways (interleukin signaling, reactive oxygen species processes and granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis). Late responding DEGs mainly showed activation of signaling pathways and phagosome formation as part of the phagocytosis process, whereas DEGs at day 21 were involved in epithelial adherence signaling and other miscellaneous related signaling pathways. This study showed that oPMNs have specific expression profiles during the development and resolution of experimental gingivitis. Even though, the specific observed pathways were not identical within each time point, the altered pathways indicate PMN responses in general and suggests an immunomodulatory role for the oPMNs. The oPMNs may therefore play a co-controlling part in the initiation and resolution of gingival inflammation.
2020-09-01 | GSE118304 | GEO
Project description:OBJECTIVE:Gingivitis and poor oral hygiene status are the most prevalent oral diseases among primary school students. Poor oral hygiene status, gingivitis and socio-demographic determinants have been shown to be associated with periodontal diseases. There is limited information on the gingivitis and oral hygiene status among Iranian children. In the present study, the status of gingivitis, oral hygiene status, and their association with socio-demographic determinants among schoolchildren aged 7-12 years old in Hamadan were investigated. METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, 988 primary school students aged 7-12 years old were selected. The oral hygiene status was measured through Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was used to evaluate gingival bleeding and calculus. CPI was measured using a standardized protocol to investigate gum bleeding and calculus. The oral hygiene was classified as good, fair or poor based on calculus and debris measurements. Age, gender, educational level, occupation and residence district of parents, dental pain experience in the last year and whether parents supervised their children while brushing were assessed by the questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS:The oral hygiene status was good in 644 students (65.20%), fair in 341 (34.50%) and poor in three (0.30%). Moreover, the results of CPI depicted that 639 students (64.07%) had healthy periodontium, 320 (32.40%) had periodontal bleeding and 29 (2.9%) were with calculus. Higher percentage of the boys in the age group of 12 years old had periodontal bleeding and fewer good oral hygiene. The results of CPI and OHI-S scores depicted that more than half of the primary school students had healthy gums and periodontium (64.1%) and good oral hygiene status (65.2%). There were significant statistical associations between age and residence district with calculus measured by the CPI, also between gender, age, residence district, and mother's occupation with the gingival bleeding measured by the CPI. Furthermore, age and mother's occupation were significantly associated with OHI-S index. CONCLUSIONS:In general, the periodontal health status is poorer in students attending suburban schools compared to those in urban schools in Hamadan. Since there are significant associations between gender, school districts and mother's occupation with oral hygiene index among schoolchildren in primary schools, considering them in schools' oral health program design might be useful.
| S-EPMC6294426 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The prognosis of patients with recurrent/persistent endometrial cancer, particularly type II cancer, remains poor, and effective treatment has not yet been established. We herein present the case of a patient with recurrent type II endometrial cancer who received bevacizumab + chemotherapy continued beyond progression, after previously receiving bevacizumab + chemotherapy. This patient experienced recurrence after first- and second-line adjuvant chemotherapy followed by modified radical hysterectomy and she was administered bevacizumab + paclitaxel + carboplatin therapy. After six cycles of treatment, all metastatic lesions shrunk, indicating partial response. The patient next received single-agent bevacizumab as maintenance therapy. After 12 cycles of bevacizumab monotherapy, disease progression was detected; therefore, combination therapy consisting of bevacizumab, doxorubicin and carboplatin was initiated. After six cycles of this combination therapy, the patient exhibited disease stabilization. Finally, 18 months after the initial bevacizumab treatment, the patient remained on combination chemotherapy, without complaints or signs of tumor progression (last follow-up, October 2014).
| S-EPMC5530304 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare three teaching methods' time and personnel requirements, and their effects on plaque and gingival indices.MethodsThis study was a single-blind randomized controlled trial on fixed orthodontic appliance candidates (n = 90), assigned into a control group (n = 30) and two different study groups (n = 30 each). The control group received standard printed educational material and was assisted with verbal information. The study groups either received video-assisted or hands-on training about fixed orthodontic appliance and oral hygiene. The time requirements for all three educational interventions was recorded during the initial visit. The adequacy of oral hygiene was documented through plaque and gingival indices during the initial visit and eighth week of the treatment. The continuous variables were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA. Tukey HSD and Student t-tests were used for post-hoc comparisons (α?#8197;= 0.05). Also, a chi-square test was used for the analysis of categorical variables.ResultsStandard education failed to maintain the plaque and gingival indices at the eighth week of the treatment. Although both video-assisted and hands-on training took a considerable amount of time, they served well in preserving both of the indices at the eighth week. The longer the educational intervention was, the better the preservation of the plaque and gingival indices.ConclusionEducational intervention, either with video-assisted or hands-on programs, provided better results in oral hygiene depending on the time and personnel constraints of the orthodontist.
| S-EPMC8018752 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Predictive modeling of human disease based on the microbiota holds great potential yet remains challenging. Here, 50 adults underwent controlled transitions from naturally occurring gingivitis, to healthy gingivae (baseline), and to experimental gingivitis (EG). In diseased plaque microbiota, 27 bacterial genera changed in relative abundance and functional genes including 33 flagellar biosynthesis-related groups were enriched. Plaque microbiota structure exhibited a continuous gradient along the first principal component, reflecting transition from healthy to diseased states, which correlated with Mazza Gingival Index. We identified two host types with distinct gingivitis sensitivity. Our proposed microbial indices of gingivitis classified host types with 74% reliability, and, when tested on another 41-member cohort, distinguished healthy from diseased individuals with 95% accuracy. Furthermore, the state of the microbiota in naturally occurring gingivitis predicted the microbiota state and severity of subsequent EG (but not the state of the microbiota during the healthy baseline period). Because the effect of disease is greater than interpersonal variation in plaque, in contrast to the gut, plaque microbiota may provide advantages in predictive modeling of oral diseases.
| S-EPMC4139724 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWe evaluated bevacizumab with metronomic etoposide among recurrent malignant glioma patients in a phase 2, open-label trial.MethodsA total of 59 patients, including 27 with glioblastoma (GBM) and 32 with grade 3 malignant glioma, received 10 mg kg(-1) bevacizumab biweekly and 50 mg m(-2) etoposide daily for 21 consecutive days each month. The primary end point was a 6-month progression-free survival, and secondary end points included safety and overall survival. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGFR-2, carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha (HIF-2alpha) were assessed semiquantitatively in archival tumours using immunohistochemistry and were correlated with outcome.ResultsAmong grade 3 and GBM patients, the 6-month progression-free survivals were 40.6% and 44.4%, the radiographic response rates were 22% and 37% and the median survivals were 63.1 and 44.4 weeks, respectively. Hypertension predicted better outcome among both grade 3 and GBM patients, whereas high CA9 and low VEGF were associated with poorer progression-free survival (PFS) among those with GBM. The most common grade > or = 3 adverse events included neutropaenia (24%), thrombosis (12%), infection (8%) and hypertension (3%). Two patients had asymptomatic, grade 1 intracranial haemorrhage and one on-study death occurred because of pulmonary embolism.ConclusionBevacizumab with metronomic etoposide has increased toxicity compared with previous reports of bevacizumab monotherapy. Its anti-tumour activity is similar to that of bevacizumab monotherapy or bevacizumab plus irinotecan. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00612430).
| S-EPMC2795427 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Computational approaches to fragment-based drug design (FBDD) can complement experiments and facilitate the identification of potential hot spots along the protein surface. However, the evaluation of computational methods for mapping binding sites frequently focuses upon the ability to reproduce crystallographic coordinates to within a low RMSD threshold. This dependency on the deposited coordinate data overlooks the original electron density from the experiment, thus techniques may be developed based upon subjective-or even erroneous-atomic coordinates. This can become a significant drawback in applications to systems where the location of hot spots is unknown. On the basis of comparison to crystallographic density, we previously showed that mixed-solvent molecular dynamics (MixMD) accurately identifies the active site for HEWL, with acetonitrile as an organic solvent. Here, we concentrated on the influence of protic solvent on simulation and refined the optimal MixMD approach for extrapolation of the method to systems without established sites. Our results establish an accurate approach for comparing simulations to experiment. We have outlined the most efficient strategy for MixMD, based on simulation length and number of runs. The development outlined here makes MixMD a robust method which should prove useful across a broad range of target structures. Lastly, our results with MixMD match experimental data so well that consistency between simulations and density may be a useful way to aid the identification of probes vs waters during the refinement of future multiple solvent crystallographic structures.
| S-EPMC3581705 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Children with autism have heightened risk of developing oral health problems. Interventions targeting at-home oral hygiene habits may be the most effective means of improving oral hygiene outcomes in this population. This randomized control trial examined the effectiveness of a 3-week video-modeling brushing intervention delivered to patients over the internet. Eighteen children with autism were assigned to an Intervention or Control video condition. Links to videos were delivered via email twice daily. Blind clinical examiners provided plaque index ratings at baseline, midpoint, and endpoint. Results show oral hygiene improvements in both groups, with larger effect sizes in the Intervention condition. The findings provide preliminary support for the use of internet-based interventions to improve oral hygiene for children with autism.
| S-EPMC4939106 | biostudies-literature