Incidence Rates of Major Diseases of Kiwiberry in 2015 and 2016.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kim GH
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5538448 | biostudies-other | 2017 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Background:The spread of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) is a global crisis. Understanding the dynamics of NCDs at the population level is crucial to develop prevention strategies as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention. However, studies investigating the incidence rate of NCDs among the general population are limited, especially for developing countries like China. We aim to evaluate the incidence rates of four major NCDs from 2007 to 2016, based on a national commercial claims database in China. Methods:Cancer, stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) accounted for over 90% of claims data were included as major NCDs. The definition of the above diseases followed the guideline of disease definitions of critical illness insurance released by the Insurance Association of China. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) of those major NCDs among subgroups of sex, demographic regions, and China city tiers were reported. The trends of incidence rates were described as annual percent change (APC) as well as average annual percent change (AAPC) and were then examined by joinpoint models. Results:For the population insured in 2007, the average 10-year ASRs of cancer, CHD, stroke, and ESKD were 221.0, 55.5, 43.5, 11.0 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. For males, the ASRs of cancer, CHD, ESKD continuously increase in the past decade with AAPC of 1.4%, 5.2%, and 3.3%; while the ASRs of stroke were decreased with APC of 3.7% after 2009. For females, the increased ASRs of cancer with AAPC of 4.2% and CHD with AAPC of 2.0%; while decreased trends of ASRs were observed for stroke and ESKD. Patterns of ASRs changing varied between different demographic regions and city tiers. Conclusion:Commercial claims data could be a valuable data source to evaluate the disease burden for major NCDs in China. The disease burden of severe stroke was decreasing while cancer, CHD and ESKD were still increasing in China. More efforts should be put into control of CHD, especially in the northern part of China.
| S-EPMC7047989 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite a long history of mosquito-borne virus epidemics in the Americas, the impact of the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic of 2015-2016 was unexpected. The need for scientifically informed decision-making is driving research to understand the emergence and spread of ZIKV. To support that research, we assembled a data set of key covariates for modeling ZIKV transmission dynamics in Colombia, where ZIKV transmission was widespread and the government made incidence data publically available. On a weekly basis between January 1, 2014 and October 1, 2016 at three administrative levels, we collated spatiotemporal Zika incidence data, nine environmental variables, and demographic data into a single downloadable database. These new datasets and those we identified, processed, and assembled at comparable spatial and temporal resolutions will save future researchers considerable time and effort in performing these data processing steps, enabling them to focus instead on extracting epidemiological insights from this important data set. Similar approaches could prove useful for filling data gaps to enable epidemiological analyses of future disease emergence events.
| S-EPMC5914286 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose Due to hazards in the contemporary operating environment, U.S. military service members are at increased risk for tinnitus. Previous research has characterized tinnitus prevalence in military veterans, but no population-based study of tinnitus has been conducted in active duty military service members. This study evaluated the incidence of tinnitus diagnoses in military electronic health records based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes for active duty service members between 2001 and 2015. Method Data on 85,438 active duty military service members who served between 2001 and 2015 were drawn from the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database and stratified by race, age, sex, marital status, service branch, and military pay grade. Results The incidence rate of tinnitus in U.S. military service members (per 1,000) rose consistently from 1.84 in 2001 to 6.33 in 2015. Service members most often diagnosed with tinnitus were White (72%), married (72%), males (88%), in the enlisted pay grade of E-5 to E-9 (55%), in the Army (37%), and were 35 years of age or older (50%). Statistically significant differences (p < .001) were found between observed and expected counts across all 6 demographic variables. Conclusions This is the first study to assess the incidence rates of tinnitus in active duty service members. Although there are many risk factors for auditory damage in the contemporary military operating environment, the extant literature on tinnitus in active duty military service members is limited. Future studies should consider the relationship between tinnitus-related psychological comorbidity and objective health-related quality of life, as it impacts operational readiness in active duty military service members.
| S-EPMC7210435 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Short and long read metagenomics and metatranscriptomics of water samples from the South Pacific Gyre (2015-2016)
| PRJEB43746 | ENA
Project description:OBJECTIVE:Ethnic disparities in pancreatic cancer (PanCan) incidence exist, but little is known about incidence trends in heterogeneous Asian Americans. We examined PanCan incidence and temporal patterns among detailed ethnic populations, including Asian American subgroups. METHODS:A total of 71,099 invasive exocrine PanCan cases were identified using the California Cancer Registry between 1988 and 2015. Cases were grouped into mutually exclusive groups of non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH black, Hispanic, NH Asian/Pacific Islander (API), and NH American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN). Asians were further identified by specific ethnicity. RESULTS:The age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs, per 100,000) of PanCan varied significantly across racial/ethnic groups, ranging from the highest of 10.4 in NH blacks to 7.6 in NH whites, 7.1 in Hispanics, 6.2 in NH APIs, and to the lowest of 5.2 in NH AIAN. Despite the relatively low rate in the NH APIs, the rates across Asian subgroups varied significantly, with rates similar to NH whites in Japanese (8.1) and Koreans (7.5) to the low rate in South Asians (4.4). CONCLUSIONS:Significant heterogeneity of PanCan incidence in disaggregated Asian Americans is a novel finding. These results fill a gap regarding PanCan burden in Asian Americans and underscore the importance of disaggregating ethnic populations in cancer research.
| S-EPMC6629494 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV), a global public health threat, is targeted for elimination by 2030. As national HBV prevalence and incidence is lacking for South Africa, our study aimed to provide such data in the public health sector.MethodsWe analysed laboratory-confirmed HBV data from 2015 to 2019 to determine annual prevalence and incidence rates of HBV infection per 100,000 population, HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM test positivity rates, and HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM testing rates per 100,000 population. Time trend and statistical analyses were performed on HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM test positivity rates.ResultsThe national prevalence rate of HBV infection per 100,000 population increased from 56.14 in 2015 to 67.76 in 2019. Over the five years, the prevalence rate was higher in males than females, highest amongst individuals 25 to 49 years old and highest in Gauteng province. The HBsAg test positivity rate dropped from 9.77% in 2015 to 8.09% in 2019. Over the five years, the HBsAg test positivity rate was higher in males than females, amongst individuals 25 to 49 years old and amongst individuals of Limpopo province. Amongst HBsAg positive children under 5 years old, the majority (65.7%) were less than a year old. HBsAg testing rates per 100,000 population were higher in females under 45 years of age and in males 45 years and above. The national incidence rate of acute HBV infection per 100,000 population dropped from 3.17 in 2015 to 1.69 in 2019. Over the five-year period, incidence rates were similar between males and females, highest amongst individuals 20 to 39 years old and highest in Mpumalanga province. Amongst individuals 20 to 24 years old, there was a substantial decline in the incidence and anti-HBc IgM test positivity rates over time. Anti-HBc IgM testing rates per 100,000 population were higher in females under 40 years of age and in males 40 years and above.ConclusionCritical to hepatitis B elimination is strengthened infant vaccination coverage and interruption of vertical transmission. Transmission of HBV infection in adults may be reduced through heightened awareness of transmission routes and prevention measures.
| S-EPMC8739689 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Heart disease (HD) is the second leading cause of death in Korea. Several studies in Korea have analyzed the trends of incidence and mortality of myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic heart disease (IHD), but few have investigated incidence and mortality trends of HD and its subtypes. The aim of this study was to assess the national trends in incidence and case fatality rates of overall HD and its subtypes (including IHD, heart failure (HF), arrhythmia, hypertensive HD (HHD), valvular HD, pulmonary HD, and others) in Korea between 2006 and 2015. Using records from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) claims database (2003-2015) and by obtaining the causes of death (Korean Statistical Information Service, 2006-2017), we analyzed the crude and age-standardized incidence rates from 2006 to 2015 and the case fatality rates from 2006 to 2017 of HD and its subtypes. Between 2006 and 2015, the incidence of overall HD changed minimally, but the age-standardized incidence of HD decreased from 210.0 persons per 100,000 populations in 2006 to 161.3 persons in 2015. However, incidence rates have increased in arrhythmia, HD other, pulmonary HD, and the case fatality rates have increased in HF, valvular HD, and HD other. Therefore, it is essential to continuously monitor the incidence and case fatality rates of HD and its subtypes and expand the focus onto prevention and treatment strategies from MI or IHD to various HD subtypes. Active prevention and management are needed to alleviate the burden of HD due to an aging population in Korea.
| S-EPMC7696411 | biostudies-literature
Project description:GenoSysFat 1: Salmon feed-switch experiment vegetable ↔ fish oil 2015-2016
| PRJEB24480 | ENA
Project description:BackgroundAccelerating declines in tuberculosis (TB) incidence is paramount for achieving global goals set for 2030 by the Sustainable Development Goals and the End TB Strategy. The aim of this study was to identify key country-level social determinants of national TB incidence trends.MethodsThis longitudinal ecological study used country-level data extracted from online databases from the period 2005-2015. We used multivariable Poisson regression models allowing for distinct within- and between-country effects to estimate associations between national TB incidence rates and 13 social determinants of health. The analysis was stratified by country income status.ResultsThe study sample included 48 low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs) and 68 high- and upper-middle income countries (HUMICs), with a total of 528 and 748 observations between 2005-2015, respectively. National TB incidence rates declined in 108/116 countries between 2005-2015, with an average drop of 12.95% in LLMICs and 14.09% in HUMICs. Between LLMICs, higher Human Development Index (HDI), social protection spending, TB case detection, and TB treatment success were associated with lower TB incidence. Higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS was associated with higher TB incidence. Within LLMICs, increases in HDI over time were associated with lower TB incidence rates. Between HUMICs, higher HDI, health spending, and diabetes prevalence were associated with lower TB incidence, whereas higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS and alcohol-use were associated with higher TB incidence. Within HUMICs, increases in HIV/AIDS and diabetes prevalence over time were associated with higher TB incidence.ConclusionsIn LLMICs, TB incidence rates remain highest in countries with low human development, social protection spending and TB programme performance, and high rates of HIV/AIDS. Strengthening human development is likely to accelerate declines in TB incidence. In HUMICs, TB incidence rates remain highest in countries with low human development, health spending and diabetes prevalence, and high rates of HIV/AIDS and alcohol use. Here, slowing rising rates of HIV/AIDS and diabetes is likely to accelerate declines in TB incidence.
| S-EPMC9930041 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe public-private ADVANCE collaboration developed and tested a system to generate evidence on vaccine benefits and risks using European electronic healthcare databases. In the safety of vaccines, background incidence rates are key to allow proper monitoring and assessment. The goals of this study were to compute age-, sex-, and calendar-year stratified incidence rates of nine autoimmune diseases in seven European healthcare databases from four countries and to assess validity by comparing with published data.MethodsEvent rates were calculated for the following outcomes: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Bell's palsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, immune thrombocytopenia purpura, Kawasaki disease, optic neuritis, narcolepsy, systemic lupus erythematosus, and transverse myelitis. Cases were identified by diagnosis codes. Participating organizations/databases originated from Denmark, Italy, Spain, and the UK. The source population comprised all persons registered, with at least 1 year of data prior to the study start, or follow-up from birth. Stratified incidence rates were computed per database over the period 2003 to 2014.ResultsBetween 2003 and 2014, 148,947 incident cases of nine autoimmune diseases were identified. Crude incidence rates were highest for Bell's palsy [23.8/100,000 person-years (PYs), 95% confidence interval (CI) 23.6-24.1] and lowest for Kawasaki disease (0.7/100,000 PYs, 95% CI 0.6-0.7). Specific patterns were observed by sex, age, calendar time, and data sources. Rates were comparable with published estimates.ConclusionA range of autoimmune events could be identified in the ADVANCE system. Estimation of rates indicated consistency across selected European healthcare databases, as well as consistency with US published data.
| S-EPMC7892524 | biostudies-literature