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Effect of 2 Bleaching Agents with a Content of High Concentrated Hydrogen Peroxide on Stained 2 CAD/CAM Blocks and a Nanohybrid Composite Resin: An AFM Evaluation.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate color stability of 3 restorative materials, discoloration ability of different solutions, efficacy of 2 office bleaching agents, and surface roughness and topography. Sixty specimens for Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (CME), Lava Ultimate (LU), and Vita Enamic (VE) were prepared. They were immersed into 3 staining solutions for 2 weeks and then they were bleached. According to the measured L⁎, a⁎, and b⁎ parameters described by CIELAB system, color changes (ΔE00), translucency parameters (TP), whiteness index values (W⁎), and changes in closeness to pure white (ΔW⁎) were calculated. Then 3 specimens from each group were scanned with an atomic force microscope for surface analysis. After staining, CME groups and control groups of LU and VE showed clinically acceptable color changes (ΔE00 < 1,8). After bleaching, while a reverse effect on color was observed, VE showed the furthest color values to pure white. There was no statistically significant difference between whiteness index values of LU and CME. LU was the most translucent material during the study and TP values of materials showed minimal differences. Most of the VE groups and a control group of LU showed surface roughness (Ra ) values higher than critical value for biofilm accumulation (0,2 μm).

SUBMITTER: Karakaya I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5540473 | biostudies-other | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Fatigue resistance of CAD/CAM resin composite molar crowns.

Project description:To demonstrate the fatigue behavior of CAD/CAM resin composite molar crowns using a mouth-motion step-stress fatigue test. Monolithic leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic crowns were used as a reference.Fully anatomically shaped monolithic resin composite molar crowns (Lava Ultimate, n=24) and leucite reinforced glass-ceramic crowns (IPS Empress CAD, n=24) were fabricated using CAD/CAM systems. Crowns were cemented on aged dentin-like resin composite tooth replicas (Filtek Z100) with resin-based cements (RelyX Ultimate for Lava Ultimate or Multilink Automix for IPS Empress). Three step-stress profiles (aggressive, moderate and mild) were employed for the accelerated sliding-contact mouth-motion fatigue test. Twenty one crowns from each group were randomly distributed among these three profiles (1:2:4). Failure was designated as chip-off or bulk fracture. Optical and electron microscopes were used to examine the occlusal surface and subsurface damages, as well as the material microstructures.The resin composite crowns showed only minor occlusal damage during mouth-motion step-stress fatigue loading up to 1700N. Cross-sectional views revealed contact-induced cone cracks in all specimens, and flexural radial cracks in 2 crowns. Both cone and radial cracks were relatively small compared to the crown thickness. Extending these cracks to the threshold for catastrophic failure would require much higher indentation loads or more loading cycles. In contrast, all of the glass-ceramic crowns fractured, starting at loads of approximately 450N.Monolithic CAD/CAM resin composite crowns endure, with only superficial damage, fatigue loads 3-4 times higher than those causing catastrophic failure in glass-ceramic CAD crowns.

| S-EPMC4801772 | biostudies-literature

Acid Resistance of CAD/CAM Resin Composites.

Project description:Acid resistance of CAD/CAM resin composites. Erosion-related tooth surface loss is closely related to acid exposure, such as contact with acidic beverages or disease-related reflux. As a result, dental restorations in affected patients are also exposed to acids, which indicates that the performance and longevity of a dental restoration is impacted by the acid resistance of the individually employed restorative materials. However, unlike for ceramic materials, the acid resistance of CAD/CAM resin composites is not commonly evaluated by the manufacturers, and no standardised test methods have yet been established. Against this background, the present in vitro study aimed to examine the long-term resistance of CAD/CAM resin composites (Brilliant Crios, Cerasmart, Grandio blocs, Lava Ultimate, Shofu Block HC) against three acidic media (tonic water, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid) as well as demineralized water and to investigate potential damage mechanisms. Changes in surface roughness (Sa) were detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and changes in surface hardness were measured using Vickers hardness (HV). The damage mechanisms were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and micro X-ray computer tomography (µXCT). For each material, few changes in either Sa or HV were identified for at least one of the different media; for Cerasmart, the sharpest deterioration in surface properties was observed. SEM-EDS revealed leaching of barium, aluminium, and titanium from fillers in a 2 µm zone on the rough but not on the polished surface of the specimen. Within the limitations of the current study, it can be concluded that polished CAD/CAM resin composites can be recommended for clinical use in patients with erosive conditions.

| S-EPMC9220078 | biostudies-literature

Effectiveness of Self-Adhesive Resin Luting Cement in CAD-CAM Blocks-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Project description:Self-adhesive resin cements (SARCs) are used because of their mechanical properties, ease of cementation protocols, and lack of requirements for acid conditioning or adhesive systems. SARCs are generally dual-cured, photoactivated, and self-cured, with a slight increase in acidic pH, allowing self-adhesiveness and increasing resistance to hydrolysis. This systematic review assessed the adhesive strength of SARC systems luted to different substrates and computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic blocks. The PubMed/MedLine and Science Direct databases were searched using the Boolean formula [((dental or tooth) AND (self-adhesive) AND (luting or cement) AND CAD-CAM) NOT (endodontics or implants)]. Of the 199 articles obtained, 31 were selected for the quality assessment. Lava Ultimate (resin matrix filled with nanoceramic) and Vita Enamic (polymer-infiltrated ceramic) blocks were the most tested. Rely X Unicem 2 was the most tested resin cement, followed by Rely X Unicem > Ultimate > U200, and μTBS was the test most used. The meta-analysis confirmed the substrate-dependent adhesive strength of SARCs, with significant differences between them and between SARCs and conventional resin-based adhesive cement (α < 0.05). SARCs are promising. However, one must be aware of the differences in the adhesive strengths. An appropriate combination of materials must be considered to improve the durability and stability of restorations.

| S-EPMC10140979 | biostudies-literature

Erratum: Evaluation of the repair capacities and color stabilities of a resin nanoceramic and hybrid CAD/CAM blocks.

Project description:[This corrects the article on p. 140 in vol. 12, PMID: 32601533.].

| S-EPMC7449819 | biostudies-literature

Characterisation of the Filler Fraction in CAD/CAM Resin-Based Composites.

Project description:The performance of dental resin-based composites (RBCs) heavily depends on the characteristic properties of the individual filler fraction. As specific information regarding the properties of the filler fraction is often missing, the current study aims to characterize the filler fractions of several contemporary computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) RBCs from a material science point of view. The filler fractions of seven commercially available CAD/CAM RBCs featuring different translucency variants were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Micro-X-ray Computed Tomography (µXCT), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD). All CAD/CAM RBCs investigated included midifill hybrid type filler fractions, and the size of the individual particles was clearly larger than the individual specifications of the manufacturer. The fillers in Shofu Block HC featured a sphericity of ≈0.8, while it was <0.7 in all other RBCs. All RBCs featured only X-ray amorphous phases. However, in Lava Ultimate, zircon crystals with low crystallinity were detected. In some CAD/CAM RBCs, inhomogeneities (X-ray opaque fillers or pores) with a size <80 µm were identified, but the effects were minor in relation to the total volume (<0.01 vol.%). The characteristic parameters of the filler fraction in RBCs are essential for the interpretation of the individual material's mechanical and optical properties.

| S-EPMC8071413 | biostudies-literature

Internal fit evaluation of indirect restorations fabricated from CAD/CAM composite blocks versus ceramic blocks in badly broken teeth using cone beam CT (CBCT): double-blinded randomized clinical trial.

Project description:ObjectiveThe restoration durability is essentially governed by optimum marginal integrity of an indirect restoration that is obtained and maintained by essential factors. This study aimed to evaluate the internal gap of indirect restorations fabricated from CAD/CAM composite blocks versus ceramic blocks in badly broken teeth using cone beam CT (CBCT) to determine their internal fit accuracy over the cast.Materials and methodsFifty-four participants were allocated into two groups: composite blocks or ceramic blocks. The trial participants and assessors were blinded to the material assignment, whereas the operator was not. Cavity preparation was performed followed by cavity optimization and impression taking. The produced master cast was scanned, restoration was designed using Exocad 2019 software and the final restoration was milled. The restoration was doubled-checked on the cast for internal fit using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and intraorally for interproximal contact and marginal adaptation before final cementation. CBCT measurements were collected and statistically analyzed. Restoration was cemented with resin cement and was immediately assessed clinically, then after one year and two years of follow-up periods.ResultsResults of an independent t-test revealed Composite blocks samples (0.25mm ± 0.03) to have a significantly better adaptation than ceramic blocks samples (0.29 mm ± 0.04) (p = 0.008).ConclusionsBoth materials have acceptable internal adaptation with a noticed difference reflected in their clinical performance.Clinical relevanceBoth indirect esthetic CAD/CAM restorations exhibit acceptable internal and marginal adaptation in posterior teeth however, composite blocks have a better adaptation than ceramic blocks.Trial registrationThis trial was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04784676).

| S-EPMC9130535 | biostudies-literature

Thermoanalytical Investigations on the Influence of Storage Time in Water of Resin-Based CAD/CAM Materials.

Project description:New resin-based composites and resin-infiltrated ceramics are used to fabricate computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)-based restorations, although little information is available on the long-term performance of these materials. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of storage time (24 h, 90 days, 180 days) on the thermophysical properties of resin-based CAD/CAM materials. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used in the study. TGA provided insight into the composition of the resin-based materials and the influence of internal plasticization and water sorption. Resin-based composites showed different decomposition, heat energy and mechanical behavior, which was influenced by storage time in water. Individual materials such as Grandio bloc showed lower influence of water storage while maintaining good mechanical properties.

| S-EPMC8698771 | biostudies-literature

The influence of different storage media on Vickers hardness and surface roughness of CAD/CAM resin composites.

Project description:IntroductionThis study examined Vickers hardness as well as surface characteristics of different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin composites prior to and after storage in various media.Materials and methodsCAD/CAM resin composite blocks (Grandio Blocs (GB), Lava Ultimate (LU), Brilliant Crios (BC), Cerasmart (GC), Shofu Block HC (SB), Tetric CAD (TC), Luxacam Composite (LC); incl. different translucency variants) were prepared, polished and surface free energy was determined. The specimens were divided into four groups: dry conditions for 24 h (25 °C), demineralized water (37 °C), Pepsi Cola (37 °C) and 75% ethanol (37 °C). After seven and 28 days of storage, Vickers hardness was determined. Surface roughness was measured after the entire storage period.Results and discussionVickers hardness was in the range of about 150 HV for GB, around 115 HV for LU, and 80-100 HV for BC, GC, SB, TC and LC. Only minor differences (total: 50.2 (6.4)-56.2 (3.2) mN/m) in surface free energy could be detected. No relationship was observed between surface free energy and filler content. However, a correlation between filler content and Vickers hardness was evident. Artificial aging caused a decrease of Vickers hardness (up to -40 HV or 35%) depending on storage media, duration and material. The changes in surface texture after immersion in different media were below a value of ΔSa = 0.015 µm.ConclusionArtificial aging of CAD/CAM resin composites leads to a significant decrease of Vickers hardness for most materials, while only small changes in surface roughness were identified.

| S-EPMC10024666 | biostudies-literature

Bonding Behavior of Conventional PMMA towards Industrial CAD/CAM PMMA and Artificial Resin Teeth for Complete Denture Manufacturing in a Digital Workflow.

Project description:When applying a digital workflow, custom artificial resin teeth have to be integrated into a milled complete denture base, using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) applied with a powder-liquid technique. Debonding of denture teeth from dentures is reported to be a frequent complication. No evidence is provided as to which method of surface treatment may enhance the bonding strength. The bonding strength between artificial teeth and PMMA (Group A, n = 60), as well as between the PMMA and industrial PMMA (Group B, n = 60), was investigated following no treatment, monomer application, sandblasting, oxygen plasma, and nitrogen plasma treatment. Surface-roughness values and SEM images were obtained for each group. Shear bond strength (SBS) and fracture mode were analyzed after thermocycling. Within Group A, statistically significant higher SBS was found for all surface treatments, except for nitrogen plasma. In Group B, only nitrogen plasma showed a statistically lower SBS compared to the reference group which was equivalent to all surface treatments. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, the monomer application can be proposed as the most effective surface-treatment method to bond custom artificial teeth into a milled PMMA denture base, whereas nitrogen plasma impairs the bonding strength.

| S-EPMC8303782 | biostudies-literature

Clinical performance comparison between lithium disilicate and hybrid resin nano-ceramic CAD/CAM onlay restorations: a two-year randomized clinical split-mouth study.

Project description:A total of 20 lithium disilicate glass-ceramics (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) and 20 resin nano-ceramic (Voco Grandio Blocks) onlay restorations were performed in 20 patients using a split-mouth design to compare the two-year clinical performance of lithium disilicate and resin nano-ceramic onlay restorations. Both restorations were evaluated at baseline, one-year, and two-year clinical follow-ups based on the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests showed no statistically significant difference between Voco Grandio and IPS e.max ceramic restorations for all evaluated parameters during the different follow-up periods (p > 0.05). Cochrane's and MC-Nemar's tests indicated statistically significant differences regarding color match within the Voco Grandio group. They also indicated statistically significant differences in marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, surface texture, and postoperative hypersensitivity within both ceramic material groups (p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that the survival rate of both ceramic materials was 90%. After two years of clinical service, IPS e.max CAD and Voco Grandio onlay restorations exhibited similar clinical performance.

| S-EPMC10925567 | biostudies-literature

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