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Changes in inflammation, oxidative stress and adipokines following bariatric surgery among adolescents with severe obesity.

ABSTRACT: Inflammation, oxidative stress and dysregulation of adipokines are thought to be pathophysiological mechanisms linking obesity to the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. In adults, bariatric surgery reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, and beneficially changes the levels of several adipokines, but little is known about the postsurgical changes among adolescents.In two separate longitudinal cohorts we evaluated change from baseline of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (oxLDL), adiponectin, leptin and resistin up to 12 months following elective laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) surgery in adolescents with severe obesity.In cohort 1, which consisted of 39 adolescents (mean age 16.5±1.6 years; 29 females) undergoing either RYGB or VSG, IL-6 (baseline: 2.3±3.4 pg ml(-1) vs 12 months: 0.8±0.6 pg ml(-1), P<0.01), leptin (baseline: 178±224 ng ml(-1) vs 12 months: 41.4±31.9 ng ml(-1), P<0.001) and oxLDL (baseline: 41.6±11.6 U l(-1) vs 12 months: 35.5±11.1 U l(-1), P=0.001) significantly decreased and adiponectin significantly increased (baseline: 5.4±2.4 μg ml(-1) vs 12 months: 13.5±8.9 μg ml(-1), P<0.001). In cohort 2, which consisted of 13 adolescents (mean age 16.5±1.6 years; 10 females) undergoing RYGB, results were similar: IL-6 (baseline: 1.7±0.9 pg ml(-1) vs 12 months: 0.4±0.9 pg ml(-1), P<0.05) and leptin (baseline: 92.9±31.3 ng ml(-1) vs 12 months: 37.3±33.4 ng ml(-1), P<0.001) significantly decreased and adiponectin significantly increased (baseline: 6.1±2.9 μg ml(-1) vs 12 months: 15.4±8.0 μg ml(-1), P<0.001). When the cohorts were combined to evaluate changes at 12 months, oxLDL also significantly decreased (baseline: 39.8±16.7 U l(-1) vs 12 months: 32.7±11.9 U l(-1), P=0.03).Bariatric surgery produced robust improvements in markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and several adipokines among adolescents with severe obesity, suggesting potential reductions in risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

SUBMITTER: Kelly AS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5546415 | biostudies-other | 2016 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:ImportanceThe variability and durability of improvements in pain and physical function following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) are not well described.ObjectivesTo report changes in pain and physical function in the first 3 years following bariatric surgery, and to identify factors associated with improvement.Design, setting, and participantsThe Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2 is an observational cohort study at 10 US hospitals. Adults with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery were recruited between February 2005 and February 2009. Research assessments were conducted prior to surgery and annually thereafter. Three-year follow-up through October 2012 is reported.ExposuresBariatric surgery as clinical care.Main outcomes and measuresPrimary outcomes were clinically meaningful presurgery to postsurgery improvements in pain and function using scores from the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) (ie, improvement of ≥5 points on the norm-based score [range, 0-100]) and 400-meter walk time (ie, improvement of ≥24 seconds) using established thresholds. The secondary outcome was clinically meaningful improvement using the Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (ie, improvement of ≥9.7 pain points and ≥9.3 function points on the transformed score [range, 0-100]).ResultsOf 2458 participants, 2221 completed baseline and follow-up assessments (1743 [78.5%] were women; median age was 47 years; median body mass index [BMI] was 45.9; 70.4% underwent RYGB; 25.0% underwent LAGB). At year 1, clinically meaningful improvements were shown in 57.6% (95% CI, 55.3%-59.9%) of participants for bodily pain, 76.5% (95% CI, 74.6%-78.5%) for physical function, and 59.5% (95% CI, 56.4%-62.7%) for walk time. Additionally, among participants with severe knee or disability (633), or hip pain or disability (500) at baseline, approximately three-fourths experienced joint-specific improvements in knee pain (77.1% [95% CI, 73.5%-80.7%]) and in hip function (79.2% [95% CI, 75.3%-83.1%]). Between year 1 and year 3, rates of improvement significantly decreased to 48.6% (95% CI, 46.0%-51.1%) for bodily pain and to 70.2% (95% CI, 67.8%-72.5%) for physical function, but improvement rates for walk time, knee and hip pain, and knee and hip function did not (P for all ≥.05). Younger age, male sex, higher income, lower BMI, and fewer depressive symptoms presurgery; no diabetes and no venous edema with ulcerations postsurgery (either no history or remission); and presurgery-to-postsurgery reductions in weight and depressive symptoms were associated with presurgery-to-postsurgery improvements in multiple outcomes at years 1, 2, and 3.Conclusions and relevanceAmong a cohort of participants with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery, a large percentage experienced improvement, compared with baseline, in pain, physical function, and walk time over 3 years, but the percentage with improvement in pain and physical function decreased between year 1 and year 3.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00465829.

Project description:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:We hypothesized that physical activity (PA) improves insulin sensitivity in adolescents with severe obesity beyond that attributable to metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS). SUBJECTS/METHODS:StepWatchTM monitors objectively measured PA in 88 participants in the Teen Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) study. Primary outcomes included absolute change in fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and fasting glucose from pre-surgery (baseline) to 6, 12, 24, and 36 months post-MBS. SAS PROC TRAJ generated activity trajectories based on probability and individual participant step count trajectories. Linear regression models were used, adjusted for baseline value, visit, surgical procedure, sex, and percent change in BMI. Additional models adjusted for percent change in iliac waist circumference (IWC) or percent body fat (BF), measured by bio-impedance. RESULTS:Two activity trajectories were identified: more active (MA, n = 13) and less active (LA, n = 75). MA baseline mean daily step count was >6000, increasing to >9000 at 2 years. LA mean daily step count remained at ~4000. Few participants recorded moderate step activity (cadence >80 steps/minute). Still, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR differed in association with activity trajectoy. MA was associated with a greater absolute decrease in fasting insulin (-7.8 ?U/ml [95% CI: (-11.8, -3.7)], p???0.001) and a greater decrease in HOMA-IR (-1.9 [95% CI: (-3.0, -0.7)], p = 0.001), when adjusted for percent change in BMI. The significant independent effect of MA remained when adjusted for percent change in IWC or percent BF. Clinically, 100% of MA trajectory participants normalized fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and fasting glucose by 6 months and normalization remained throughout the 36 months follow up. In contrast, 76.3 and 65.8% of LA trajectory participants normalized fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, respectively, by 12 months with 28.6% of both remaining normalized at 36 months. CONCLUSIONS:PA is independently associated with improved insulin sensitivity beyond that attributable to MBS in adolescents with severe obesity.

Project description:BackgroundParental underestimation of the severity and risks of their child's obesity and parents' potential implicit weight bias contribute to the reluctance to consider bariatric surgery for their adolescent children with obesity. Despite evidence for safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery in adolescents, pediatric providers may be hesitant or uncomfortable to discuss the benefits and refer patients for surgical evaluation. Understanding these barriers is an essential step toward effective long-term care in this patient population.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that parental views on bariatric surgery are primarily influenced by personal experiences with bariatric surgery, their implicit bias, understanding of health risks of obesity, and counseling by pediatric providers.SettingData were collected and analyzed at an academic medical center in the United States.MethodsAfter a retrospective chart review of 192 adolescents with obesity, a telephone survey of patients' parents was conducted.ResultsParents of 71.4% of patients who received outpatient weight loss counseling had accurate recollection of that event. Only 12.8% of parents who were referred to lifestyle programs successfully enrolled. Neither prior personal exposure to bariatric surgery nor enrollment of the child in a lifestyle program increased parents' likelihood to consider bariatric surgery for their child (P = .10 and .70, respectively). Most parents (84.6%) who were counseled by their pediatric provider about bariatric surgery would consider it, compared with only 34.5% of the parents who did not receive counseling (P < .001).ConclusionsCounseling by pediatric providers, not involvement in lifestyle programs or exposure to bariatric surgery, increased parents' willingness to consider bariatric surgery for their child. Given the current recommendations to incorporate bariatric surgery as a treatment modality in severe adolescent obesity, earlier counseling about the role of surgery by pediatric providers is essential. More detailed provider education on the current state of bariatric surgery in the treatment of severe adolescent obesity is also necessary.

Project description:IMPORTANCE:Severe obesity is associated with mobility limitations and higher incidence of multijoint musculoskeletal pain. It is unknown whether substantial weight loss improves these important outcomes in adolescents with severe obesity. OBJECTIVE:To examine the association of bariatric surgery with functional mobility and musculoskeletal pain in adolescents with severe obesity up to 2 years after surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:The Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery Study is a prospective, multicenter, observational study, which enrolled 242 adolescents (?19 years of age) who were undergoing bariatric surgery from March 2007 through February 2012 at 5 US adolescent bariatric surgery centers. This analysis was conducted in November 2015. INTERVENTIONS:Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n?=?161), sleeve gastrectomy (n?=?67), or laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (n?=?14). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:Participants completed a 400-m walk test prior to bariatric surgery (n?=?206) and at 6 months (n?=?195), 12 months (n?=?176), and 24 months (n?=?149) after surgery. Time to completion, resting heart rate (HR), immediate posttest HR, and HR difference (resting HR minus posttest HR) were measured and musculoskeletal pain concerns, during and after the test, were documented. Data were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, baseline body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), and surgical center (posttest HR and HR difference were further adjusted for changes in time to completion). RESULTS:Of the 206 adolescents with severe obesity included in the study, 156 were female (75.7%), the mean (SD) age was 17.1 (1.6) years, and the mean (SD) body mass index was 51.7 (8.5). Compared with baseline, significant improvements were observed at 6 months for the walk test time to completion (mean, 376 seconds; 95% CI, 365-388 to 347 seconds; 95% CI, 340-358; P?<?.01), resting HR (mean, 84 beats per minute [bpm]; 95% CI, 82-86 to 74 bpm; 95% CI, 72-76), posttest HR (mean, 128 bpm; 95% CI, 125-131 to 113 bpm; 95% CI, 110-116), and HR difference (mean, 40 bpm; 95% CI, 36-42 to 34 bpm; 95% CI, 31-37). These changes in time to completion, resting HR, and HR difference persisted at 12 months and 24 months. Posttest HR further improved from 6 months to 12 months (mean, 113 bpm; 95% CI, 110-116 to 108 bpm; 95% CI, 105-111). There were statistically significant reductions in musculoskeletal pain concerns at all points. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:These data provide evidence that bariatric surgery in adolescents with severe obesity is associated with significant improvement in functional mobility and in the reduction of walking-related musculoskeletal pain up to 2 years after surgery.

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Changes in inflammation, oxidative stress and adipokines following bariatric surgery among adolescents with severe obesity.

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