Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Action ability modulates time-to-collision judgments.

ABSTRACT: Time-to-collision (TTC) underestimation has been interpreted as an adaptive response that allows observers to have more time to engage in a defensive behaviour. This bias seems, therefore, strongly linked to action preparation. There is evidence that the observer's physical fitness modulates the underestimation effect so that people who need more time to react (i.e. those with less physical fitness) show a stronger underestimation effect. Here we investigated whether this bias is influenced by the momentary action capability of the observers. In the first experiment, participants estimated the time-to-collision of threatening or non-threatening stimuli while being mildly immobilized (with a chin rest) or while standing freely. Having reduced the possibility of movement led participants to show more underestimation of the approaching stimuli. However, this effect was not stronger for threatening relative to non-threatening stimuli. The effect of the action capability found in the first experiment could be interpreted as an expansion of peripersonal space (PPS). In the second experiment, we thus investigated the generality of this effect using an established paradigm to measure the size of peripersonal space. Participants bisected lines from different distances while in the chin rest or standing freely. The results replicated the classic left-to-right gradient in lateral spatial attention with increasing viewing distance, but no effect of immobilization was found. The manipulation of the momentary action capability of the observers influenced the participants' performance in the TTC task but not in the line bisection task. These results are discussed in relation to the different functions of PPS.

SUBMITTER: Vagnoni E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5550546 | biostudies-other | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Asymmetry in the Collision Judgments of People With Homonymous Field Defects and Left Hemispatial Neglect.

Project description:PurposeAlthough the impact of homonymous visual field defects (HFDs) on mobility has been investigated previously, the emphasis has been on obstacle detection. Relatively little is known about HFD patients' ability to judge collisions once an obstacle is detected. We investigated this using a walking simulator.MethodsPatients with HFDs (n = 29) and subjects with normal vision (NV; n = 21) were seated in front of a large screen on which a visual simulation of walking was displayed. They made collision judgments for a human figure that appeared for 1 second at lateral offsets from the virtual walking path. A perceived-collision threshold was calculated for right and left sides.ResultsSymmetrical collision thresholds (same on left and right sides) were measured for participants with NV (n = 21), and right (n = 9) and left (n = 7) HFD without hemispatial neglect. Participants with left neglect (n = 10) showed significant asymmetry with thresholds smaller (compared to the NV group and other HFD groups) on the blind (P < 0.001) and larger on the seeing (P = 0.05) sides. Despite the asymmetry, the overall width of the zone of perceived collision risk was not different, suggesting a relatively uniform rightward deviation in judgments of the left neglect group.ConclusionsLeft neglect was associated with rightward asymmetry in collision judgments, which may cause collisions on the left side even when an obstacle is detected. These behaviors may represent the spatial misperceptions in body midline described previously in patients with left neglect.

| S-EPMC4578261 | biostudies-literature

Role of the fronto-parietal cortex in prospective action judgments.

Project description:Prospective judgments about one's capability to perform an action are assumed to involve mental simulation of the action. Previous studies of motor imagery suggest this simulation is supported by a large fronto-parietal network including the motor system. Experiment 1 used fMRI to assess the contribution of this fronto-parietal network to judgments about one's capacity to grasp objects of different sizes between index and thumb. The neural network underlying prospective graspability judgments overlapped the fronto-parietal network involved in explicit motor imagery of grasping. However, shared areas were located in the right hemisphere, outside the motor cortex, and were also activated during perceptual length judgments, suggesting a contribution to object size estimate rather than motor simulation. Experiment 2 used TMS over the motor cortex to probe transient excitability changes undetected with fMRI. Results show that graspability judgments elicited a selective increase of excitability in the thumb and index muscles, which was maximal before the object display and intermediate during the judgment. Together, these findings suggest that prospective action judgments do not rely on the motor system to simulate the action per se but to refresh the memory of one's maximal grip aperture and facilitate its comparison with object size in right fronto-parietal areas.

| S-EPMC8018944 | biostudies-literature

Action Contribution to Competence Judgments: The Use of the Journey Schema.

Project description:The current research considered the question of how performing an action, or merely preparing the body for action, can have an impact on social judgments related to person perception. Participants were asked to ascribe competence and warmth characteristics to a target person by reading a metaphoric text while their body was manipulated to be prepared for the processing of action-congruent information. In Experiment 1, participants whose forward body action matched the metaphoric action described in the text ascribed more competence characteristics to a politician than did control participants. In Experiment 2, participants whose body was merely prepared for forward movement also ascribed more competence characteristics to a politician than did control participants. In addition, the data from Experiment 2 ruled out an alternative non-embodied explanation (i.e., that effect is due to basic associative processes) grounded in the existing literatures on attitudes by demonstrating that body manipulation had no effect on competence when a non-metaphoric text was used. Finally, no evidence was found that body manipulation affects warmth judgments. These studies converge in demonstrating that forward body movements enhance the favorability of competence judgments when these match the metaphoric forward movements described by text.

| S-EPMC4812067 | biostudies-literature

Collision and annihilation of nonlinear sound waves and action potentials in interfaces.

Project description:Nerve impulses, previously proposed as manifestations of nonlinear acoustic pulses localized at the plasma membrane, can annihilate upon collision. However, whether annihilation of acoustic waves at interfaces takes place is unclear. We previously showed the propagation of nonlinear sound waves that propagate as solitary waves above a threshold (super-threshold) excitation in a lipid monolayer near a phase transition. Here we investigate the interaction of these waves. Sound waves were excited mechanically via a piezo cantilever in a lipid monolayer at the air-water interface and their amplitude is reported before and after a collision. The compression amplitude was observed via Förster resonance energy transfer between donor and acceptor dyes, measured at fixed points along the propagation path in the lipid monolayer. We provide direct experimental evidence for the annihilation of two super-threshold interfacial pulses upon head-on collision in a lipid monolayer and conclude that sound waves propagating in a lipid interface can interact linearly, nonlinearly, or annihilate upon collision depending on the state of the system. Thus we show that the main characteristics of nerve impulses, i.e. solitary character, velocity, couplings, all-or-none behaviour, threshold and even annihilation are also demonstrated by nonlinear sound waves in a lipid monolayer, where they follow directly from the thermodynamic principles applied to an interface. As these principles are equally unavoidable in a nerve membrane, our observations strongly suggest that the underlying physical basis of action potentials and the observed nonlinear-pules is identical.

| S-EPMC6030622 | biostudies-literature

E47 modulates hepatic glucocorticoid action.

Project description:Glucocorticoids (GCs) are effective drugs, but their clinical use is compromised by severe side effects including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and obesity. They bind to the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR), which acts as a transcription factor. The activation of metabolic genes by GR is thought to underlie these adverse effects. We identify the bHLH factor E47 as a modulator of GR target genes. Using mouse genetics, we find that E47 is required for the regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism by GR, and that loss of E47 prevents the development of hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis in response to GCs. Here we show that E47 and GR co-occupy metabolic promoters and enhancers. E47 is needed for the efficient recruitment of GR and coregulators such as Mediator to chromatin. Altogether, our results illustrate how GR and E47 regulate hepatic metabolism, and might provide an entry point for novel therapies with reduced side effects.

| S-EPMC6338785 | biostudies-literature

Reward facilitates tactile judgments and modulates hemodynamic responses in human primary somatosensory cortex.

Project description:Reinforcing effects of reward on action are well established, but possible effects on sensory function are less well explored. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed whether reward can influence somatosensory judgments and modulate activity in human somatosensory cortex. Participants discriminated electrical somatosensory stimuli on an index finger with correct performance rewarded financially at trial end, at one of four different anticipated levels. Higher rewards improved tactile performance and led to increased hemodynamic signals from ventral striatum on rewarded trials. Remarkably, primary somatosensory cortex contralateral to the judged hand was reactivated at the point of reward delivery, despite the absence of concurrent somatosensory input at that time point. This side-specific reactivation of primary somatosensory cortex increased monotonically with level of reward. Moreover, the level of reward received on a particular trial influenced somatosensory performance and neural activity on the subsequent trial, with better discrimination and enhanced hemodynamic response in contralateral primary somatosensory cortex for trials that followed higher rewards. These results indicate that rewards can influence not only classical reward-related regions, but also early somatosensory cortex when a decision is required for that modality.

| S-EPMC2682779 | biostudies-literature

Unifying time to contact estimation and collision avoidance across species.

Project description:The τ-function and the η-function are phenomenological models that are widely used in the context of timing interceptive actions and collision avoidance, respectively. Both models were previously considered to be unrelated to each other: τ is a decreasing function that provides an estimation of time-to-contact (ttc) in the early phase of an object approach; in contrast, g has a maximum before ttc. Furthermore, it is not clear how both functions could be implemented at the neuronal level in a biophysically plausible fashion. Here we propose a new framework--the corrected modified Tau function--capable of predicting both τ-type ("τ(cm)") and g-type ("t(mod)") responses. The outstanding property of our new framework is its resilience to noise. We show that t(mod) can be derived from a firing rate equation, and, as g, serves to describe the response curves of collision sensitive neurons. Furthermore, we show that tcm predicts the psychophysical performance of subjects determining ttc. Our new framework is thus validated successfully against published and novel experimental data. Within the framework, links between τ-type and η-type neurons are established. Therefore, it could possibly serve as a model for explaining the co-occurrence of such neurons in the brain.

| S-EPMC3420976 | biostudies-literature

Memristor-based biomimetic compound eye for real-time collision detection.

Project description:The lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) is the movement-sensitive, wide-field visual neuron positioned in the third visual neuropile of lobula. LGMD neuron can anticipate collision and trigger avoidance efficiently owing to the earlier occurring firing peak before collision. Vision chips inspired by the LGMD have been successfully implemented in very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) system. However, transistor-based chips and single devices to simulate LGMD neurons make them bulky, energy-inefficient and complicated. The devices with relatively compact structure and simple operation mode to mimic the escape response of LGMD neuron have not been realized yet. Here, the artificial LGMD visual neuron is implemented using light-mediated threshold switching memristor. The non-monotonic response to light flow field originated from the formation and break of Ag conductive filaments is analogue to the escape response of LGMD neuron. Furthermore, robot navigation with obstacle avoidance capability and biomimetic compound eyes with wide field-of-view (FoV) detection capability are demonstrated.

| S-EPMC8514515 | biostudies-literature

Evaluation of drift time specific collision energies

Project description:Comparison among the following data independent acquisition modes provided on the Waters Synapt G2-S instrument: MSE, MSE with Ion Mobility (HDMSE), and MSE with Ion Mobility and drift time specific collision energies (UDMSE). The following on-column loads and LC gradient lengths have been used for the DDA data (1-20130710-63647): * 200 ng, 90 minutes gradient * 300 ng, 180 minutes gradient * 1000 ng, 180 minutes gradient. DDA data has been processed by using MaxQuant (v.1.3.0.5) software, searching against a organism specific (Homo Sapiens) Uniprot/Swissprot database. FDR has been controlled by using a pseudo-reverse (KR positions kept) database at both protein and peptide levels to 1%. Proteins with less than two peptides (minimum of 6 amino acids length, up to 2 missed cleavages and 3 variable modifications allowed. Variable identifications were : methionine oxidation, fixed modifications were : cysteine carbamidomethylation ) identified have been discarded. A match between runs of a 2 minutes windows among the three technical replicates has been performed.

2013-12-05 | PXD000303 | Pride

Dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene modulates individuals' empathic ability.

Project description:Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), an enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine, has broad influences on social functions. In this study, we examined to what extent two polymorphisms (-1021C/T and a 19 bp insertion/deletion) in DBH gene modulate individuals' empathic perception and response, which were measured, respectively, by reading the mind in the eyes test and the empathic concern subscale of interpersonal reactivity index. Results showed that polymorphism at -1021C/T, but not the 19 bp insertion/deletion, accounts for 2.3% variance of empathic perception and 1.4% variance of empathic response. Individuals with the CC genotype, which is associated with higher DBH activity, manifested greater empathic ability than those with CT/TT genotypes. These findings demonstrate the importance of DBH -1021C/T as a genetic basis of empathy and in predicting individual differences in social and affective processing.

| S-EPMC4158372 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data