Impact of First Aid on Treatment Outcomes for Non-Fatal Injuries in Rural Bangladesh: Findings from an Injury and Demographic Census.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hoque DME
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5551200 | biostudies-other | 2017 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Around 90% of all fatal and non-fatal unintentional injuries occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The magnitude of unintentional injuries is unclear due to limited research and data. This paper describes the burden of lesser-known injuries (LKIs-cut injuries, unintentional poisoning, machine injuries, electrocution, injury by blunt objects, and suffocation) in rural Bangladesh, using data from the Saving of Lives from Drowning (SoLiD) project in Bangladesh. Descriptive statistics were used to report counts and rates of injuries by socio-demographic factors, injury characteristics, and circumstantial details. The annual morbidity rate of LKIs was 6878 injuries per 100,000 persons, involving 3.4% (40,520) of the population. Cut injury (44,131.2/100,000 per year) and injury by blunt objects (19768.6/100,000 per year) attributed in large numbers to the overall burden of LKIs. Males (66.1%) suffered more injuries than females. More than half (52.9%) occurred among people aged 25 to 64 years. Those involved in agriculture suffered the most injuries, mainly cut injuries (9234.1/100,000 per year) and machine-related injuries (582.9/100,000 per year). Most injuries occurred in the home setting. Increased awareness about packaging, storage, and the proper handling of appliances can help lower the frequency of LKIs. Safe architecture and awareness about home injuries is required to reduce injuries occurring in the home environment.
| S-EPMC6766074 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBurn is a major cause of childhood injury-related morbidity and mortality. Global estimates suggest that 90% of all cases occur in low-income and middle-income countries and over half of the disability-adjusted life-years are lost from fire-related burns in children. In Bangladesh, there is a scarcity of data on childhood burn injuries. The goal of the study was to describe the epidemiology of non-fatal burns in Bangladeshi children, including incidence estimates and identify high-risk groups.MethodsBangladesh Health and Injury Survey 2016 was a large scale cross-sectional survey. The survey was conducted among 299 216 population utilising a multistage cluster sampling method. Among the 100 842 children, there were 437 non-fatal burn cases.ResultsAmong different injury mechanisms in children, burn was ranked fifth (7.4%). The overall yearly incidence rate (IR) of burns was 866.7 per 100 000 children (95% CI 785.6 to 947.8) in Bangladesh. The incidence was highest among 1-4 years old children (IR 2028.3, 95% CI 1761.1 to 2334.7) and had a 3.5 times higher risk of burns compared with the 15-17 years age group. Females had a much higher IR of non-fatal burns than males between the ages of 10-15 years (1655.2 vs 482.2). About 70% of burns occurred in rural areas. Hot liquid (44.7%), flames (32.5%) and hot objects (20.7%) were identified as the main causes of burns. The kitchen (60.9%), yards (20.8%) and bedroom and living room (10.5%) were the three most common places for burns. According to the study, 34.8% of burn incidences occurred between the hours of 7:00 and 10:00.ConclusionChildren in Bangladesh suffer from a high rate of non-fatal burns. The high-risk category was identified as preschool-aged boys and adolescent girls. The majority of the incidents occurred in the morning and inside the kitchen. These findings will help raise awareness and create intervention measures to reduce the high incidence of non-fatal childhood burns in Bangladesh.
| S-EPMC9198699 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objectives: Non-fatal injuries in the high risk US Dungeness crab fishery have been under-documented, despite their potential for lost work time and income, long-term disability, and early unwanted retirement. The Fishermen Led Injury Prevention Program (FLIPP) characterized injuries in this fishery, in order to identify work hazards and inform injury control measures.Methods: The FLIPP injury survey was completed by 426 fishermen in 23 Washington, Oregon, and California fishing ports prior to the 2015-2016 Dungeness crab season; 413 (97%) provided injury information for this analysis. Participants indicated whether they had been injured in the previous 12 months, described the injury, any treatments received, and whether the injury limited their ability to work.Results: Participants were mostly male (98%), more than half (56.6%) worked as deckhands, and reported considerable fishing experience (median = 14 years, interquartile range 5-27). Eighty-nine fishermen (21.5%) reported an injury incident in the past year, of which 49 (55.1%) were limiting. The 89 incidents yielded 102 injuries, of which nearly two-thirds were sprains/strains (23, 22.5%), surface wounds/bruises (17, 15.0%), cuts (18, 17.6%), or punctures (11, 10.8%). More severe injuries, including eight fractures, were rare. The majority of injuries received either no treatment (27, 26.5%) or first aid (35, 34.3%); clinical care was less common (22, 21.6%), and emergency care rare (3, 2.9%).Conclusion: One in five Dungeness crab fishermen reported an injury incident in the previous year. Most injuries were not severe and did not result in clinical care, but approximately half were work-limiting. Control measures must account for the remote and resource-limited workplace in commercial fishing.
| S-EPMC10063242 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Finland has the fourth highest injury mortality rate in the European Union. To better understand the causes of the high injury rate, and prevent these fatal injuries, studies are needed. Therefore, we set out to complete an analysis of the epidemiology of fatal trauma, and any contributory role for alcohol, long suspected to promote fatal injuries. As a study area, we chose the four northernmost counties of Finland; their mix of remote rural areas and urban centres allowed us to correlate mortality rates with 'rurality'.The Causes of Death Register was consulted to identify deaths from external causes over a 5-year time period. Data were retrieved from death certificates, autopsy reports and medical records. The municipalities studied were classified as either rural or urban.Of 2915 deaths categorized as occurring from external causes during our study period, 1959 were eligible for inclusion in our study. The annual crude mortality rate was 54 per 100,000 inhabitants; this rate was higher in rural vs. urban municipalities (65 vs. 45 per 100,000 inhabitants/year). Additionally, a greater number of pre-hospital deaths from accidental high-energy trauma occurred in rural areas (78 vs. 69%). 42% of all pre-hospital deaths occurred under the influence of alcohol.The crude mortality rate for fatal injuries was high overall as compared to other studies, and elevated in rural areas, where pre-hospital deaths were more common. Almost half of pre-hospital deaths occurred under the influence of alcohol.
| S-EPMC4849198 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveTo determine the predictors of non-fatal violence or assault among adolescents in rural Bangladesh to inform evidence-based interventions.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingHousehold survey and national census in 51 unions of rural Bangladesh.Participants methods and main outcome213?782 adolescents aged 11-19 years who reported violence during a population-based survey in 2013. We used logistic regression to determine the prevalence of factors that predict non-fatal forms of violence or assaults among adolescents. Assault or violence was defined as all injuries inflicted directly by another person or resulting from collateral impact over a 6-month recall period.Results457 (0.21%) cases of violence or assault were reported. The adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) of violence was lower among female adolescents compared with males (PR: 0.60, 95%?CI 0.47 to 0.78, p<0.001). Compared with the lowest socioeconomic quintile, being in a higher quintile was associated with lower prevalence of violence, with a 39% decrease in the adjusted prevalence of violence among adolescents in highest compared with lowest socioeconomic index (PR: 0.61, 95%?CI 0.44 to 0.84). The adjusted prevalence of violence in Chandpur and Comilla districts was 7.30 times and 7.27 times higher respectively than the prevalence of violence in Sirajganj (PR: 7.30, 95%?CI 4.07 to 13.10 and PR: 7.27, 95%?CI 3.56 to 14.84, respectively). There was no significant difference in the adjusted prevalence of violence occurring in school compared with home (PR: 1.19, 95%?CI 0.85 to 1.69).ConclusionMale adolescents may be at an increased risk of suffering violence, and socioeconomic factors and place (districts) are strong predictors of adolescent violence among a selected population in rural Bangladesh. These findings are important in guiding interventions to address the burden of violence among adolescents in communities with similar demographics as our study population. Further research is needed to identify the actual burden of violence among adolescents at national level and to establish an effective violence prevention programme across Bangladesh.
| S-EPMC7253005 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThough non-communicable diseases contribute to an increasing share of the disease burden in South Asia, health systems in most rural communities are ill-equipped to deal with chronic illness. This analysis seeks to describe care-seeking behavior among women of reproductive age who died from fatal non-communicable diseases as recorded in northwest rural Bangladesh between 2001 and 2007.MethodsThis analysis utilized data from a large population-based cohort trial in northwest rural Bangladesh. To conduct verbal autopsies of women who died while under study surveillance, physicians interviewed family members to elicit the biomedical symptoms that the women experienced as well as a narrative of the events leading to deaths. We performed qualitative textual analysis of verbal autopsy narratives for 250 women of reproductive age who died from non-communicable diseases between 2001 and 2007.ResultsThe majority of women (94%) sought at least one provider for their illnesses. Approximately 71% of women first visited non-certified providers such as village doctors and traditional healers, while 23% first sought care from medically certified providers. After the first point of care, women appeared to switch to medically certified practitioners when treatment from non-certified providers failed to resolve their illness.ConclusionsThis study suggests that treatment seeking patterns for non-communicable diseases are affected by many of the sociocultural factors that influence care seeking for pregnancy-related illnesses. Families in northwest rural Bangladesh typically delayed seeking treatment from medically certified providers for NCDs due to the cost of services, distance to facilities, established relationships with non-certified providers, and lack of recognition of the severity of illnesses. Most women did not realize initially that they were suffering from a chronic illness. Since women typically reached medically certified providers in advanced stages of disease, they were usually told that treatment was not possible or were referred to higher-level facilities that they could not afford to visit. Women suffering from non-communicable disease in these rural communities need feasible and practical treatment options. Further research and investment in adequate, appropriate care seeking and referral is needed for women of reproductive age suffering from fatal non-communicable diseases in resource-poor settings.
| S-EPMC3468372 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the fatal drowning burden and associated risk factors in Southern Bangladesh.SettingsThe survey was conducted in 39 subdistricts of all 6 districts of the Barisal division, Southern Bangladesh.ParticipantsAll residents (for a minimum 6 months prior to survey) of the Barisal division, Southern Bangladesh.Intervention/methodsA cross-sectional, divisionally representative household survey was conducted in all six districts of the Barisal division between September 2016 and February 2017, covering a population of 386 016. Data were collected by face-to-face interview with adult respondents using handheld electronic tablets. International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-v. 10 (ICD-10) Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality codes for drowning, W65-W74, X36-X39, V90, V92, X71 or X92, were used as the operational definition of a drowning event.ResultsThe overall fatal drowning rate in Barisal was 37.9/100 000 population per year (95% CI 31.8 to 43.9). The highest fatal drowning rate was observed among children aged 1-4 years (262.2/100 000/year). Mortality rates among males (48.2/100 000/year) exceeded that for females (27.9/100 000/year). A higher rate of fatal drowning was found in rural (38.9/100 000/year) compared with urban areas (29.3/100 000/year). The results of the multivariable logistic regression identified that the factors significantly associated with fatal drowning were being male (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.3), aged 1-4 years (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.4 to 6.4) and residing in a household with four or more children (four or more children OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.9; and five or more children OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.7).ConclusionDrowning is a public health problem, especially for children, in the Barisal division of Southern Bangladesh. Male gender, children 1-4 years of age and residing in a household with four or more children were associated with increased risk of fatal drowning events. The Barisal division demands urgent interventions targeted at high-risk groups identified in the survey.
| S-EPMC6756443 | biostudies-literature
Project description:With more than 100,000 cases estimated each year, Bangladesh is one of the countries with the highest number of people at risk for cholera. Moreover, Bangladesh is formulating a countrywide cholera-control plan to satisfy the GTFCC (The Global Task Force on Cholera Control) Roadmap's goals. With a particular focus on cholera trends, variance in baseline and clinical characteristics of cholera cases, and trends in antibiotic susceptibility among clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae, we used data from facility-based surveillance systems from icddr,b's Dhaka, and Matlab Hospitals from years 2000 to 2021. Female patients comprised 3,553 (43%) in urban and 1,099 (51.6%) in rural sites. Of the cases and most patients 5,236 (63.7%) in urban and 1,208 (56.7%) in the rural site were aged 15 years and more. More than 50% of the families belonged to the poor and lower-middle-class; in 2009 (24.4%) were in urban and in 1,791 (84.2%) were in rural sites. In the urban site, 2,446 (30%) of households used untreated drinking water, and 702 (9%) of families disposed of waste in their courtyard. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the risk of cholera has significantly increased due to waste disposal in the courtyard and the boiling of water has a protective effect against cholera. Rotavirus (9.7%) was the most prevalent co-pathogen among the under-5 children in both sites. In urban sites, the percentage of V. cholerae along with co-existing ETEC and Campylobacter is changing in the last 20 years; Campylobacter (8.36%) and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (7.15%) were the second and third most prevalent co-pathogens. Shigella (1.64%) was the second most common co-pathogen in the rural site. Azithromycin susceptibility increased slowly from 265 (8%) in 2006-2010 to 1485 (47.8%) in 2016-2021, and erythromycin susceptibility dropped substantially over 20 years period from 2,155 (98.4%) to 21 (0.9%). Tetracycline susceptibility decreased in the urban site from 2051 (45.9%) to 186 (4.2%) and ciprofloxacin susceptibility decreased from 2,581 (31.6%) to 1,360 (16.6%) until 2015, then increased 1,009 (22.6%) and 1,490 (18.2%) in 2016-2021, respectively. Since 2016, doxycycline showed 902 (100%) susceptibility. Clinicians need access to up-to-date information on antimicrobial susceptibility for treating hospitalized patients. To achieve the WHO-backed objective of eliminating cholera by 2030, the health systems need to be put under a proper surveillance system that may help to improve water and sanitation practices and deploy oral cholera vaccines strategically.
| S-EPMC10115832 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Previous research has corroborated a high burden of alcohol-related injury in Brazil and the presence of socioeconomic disparities among the injured. Yet, individual-level data is scarce. To fill this gap, we examined the association between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics with non-fatal alcohol-related injury in Maringá, Brazil. Methods: We used household survey data collected during a 2015 cross-sectional study. We conducted univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate associations of demographic (age, gender, race) and socioeconomic characteristics (employment, education, income) with non-fatal alcohol-related injury. Results: Of the 995 participants who reported injuries, 62 (6.26%) were alcohol-related. Fifty-three (85%) alcohol-related injuries were reported by males. Multivariate analysis indicated being male (OR = 5.98 95% CI = 3.02, 13.28), 15-29 years of age (OR = 3.62 95% CI = 1.72, 7.71), and identifying as Black (OR = 2.38 95% CI = 1.09, 4.95) were all significantly associated with increased likelihood of reporting an alcohol-related injury, whereas unemployment was significantly associated with decreased likelihood of reporting an alcohol-related injury (OR = 0.41 95% CI = 0.18, 0.88). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in Maringá, being male, between the ages of 15 and 29, employed, or identifying as Black were characteristics associated with a higher risk for non-fatal alcohol-related injury. Individual level data, such as ours, should be considered in combination with area-level and country-level data when developing evidence-based public-health policies.
| S-EPMC7109310 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo investigate the incidence, nature and determinants of non-fatal occupational injuries in British agriculture.MethodsAs part of a postal survey, data on lifetime histories of work in agriculture and occupational accidents were obtained from men born between 1933 and 1977 and residing in three rural areas of England and Wales. Incidence rates for different categories of accident were compared with those derived from statutory reporting. Associations with risk factors were explored by Poisson regression, and summarised by incidence rate ratios (IRRs).ResultsOf the 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 3238 (30%) reported at least one occupational accident at the ages of 14-64 years, leading to absence from work for >or=3 days, including 1492 accidents that could be linked to a specific job listed in the history of agricultural work. The reported incidence of injuries in agriculture was markedly higher than that derived from statutory reporting, particularly for self-employed farmers. During 1996-2003, the highest rates of agricultural accidents were from handling, lifting or carrying (4.9/1000 person-years), falls from a height (4.6/1000 person-years) and injury by animals (3.4/1000 person-years). After adjustment for calendar period and age, the risk of accidents was elevated in men who had only recently entered agricultural work (IRR 3.7, 95% CI 2.7 to 5.1 for men who had worked in agriculture for up to 1 year relative to those who had entered the industry >25 years earlier), and in those who carried out forestry (IRR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5 to 1.9).ConclusionOur findings confirm the substantial underascertainment of serious accidental injuries in agriculture through statutory reporting, particularly for the self-employed. The risk of accidents is highest in new recruits to the industry and in those undertaking forestry, and these groups should be a target for further preventive action.
| S-EPMC2092528 | biostudies-literature