Family-Related Factors Associated with Caries Prevalence in the Primary Dentition of 5-6-year-old Children in Urban and Rural Areas of Jabalpur City.
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SUBMITTER: Pal A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5551338 | biostudies-other | 2017 Apr-Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Objectives:To investigate the prevalence and factors promoting caries in primary dentition of 3-5-year-old children in Northeast China. Materials and Methods:Data of 1,229 children aged 3 to 5 years were randomly selected. The caries prevalence and other indicators were assessed, and the results analyzed by SPSS. A questionnaire was also given to the children's guardians to ascertain the potential risk factors associated with caries. Results:The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index in children aged 3, 4, and 5 years old was 3.17, 5.13, and 6.07, respectively, while the caries prevalence rate was 62.16%, 75.89%, and 87.28% accordingly. The incidence of caries among rural children was higher than that in urban areas. Regarding oral health awareness, it was found that parents in urban areas had more accurate perceptions of oral health problems. It was also noted that the children's brushing habits were worrying. Family economic and medical resources are not the main causes of serious dental caries in rural areas. Conclusions:The oral health status of children aged 3-5 years is not optimistic. Many parents have a low awareness of oral health. Strengthening the promotion of oral health knowledge is an effective way to change the situation.
| S-EPMC7238319 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study was to detect molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and caries prevalence in eight-year-old children with early mixed dentition in Eastern Croatia. There is a lack of data on MIH in Croatia. There were 729 children examined in total: 356 (48.83%) were female and 373 (51.16%) were male. The presence of MIH was found in 95 children, the prevalence of MIH was 13%, and the remaining 634 (87%) did not have any changes associated with MIH. The prevalence of caries overall in the population of examined children was 11.48%. In the group of children with MIH, the prevalence of caries was 24.14%, while in the group of children with no MIH, the prevalence of caries was 11.18%. Teeth had a Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index of 1.2, the value of the SiC index was 1.4, and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index for deciduous teeth was 5.8. Children with MIH had a caries index of DMFT 2.1, and the value of the SiC index was 2.6. The index of caries for non-MIH children was DMFT 1.1 and the SiC index was 1.2. MIH prevalence in Croatia is more common in girls than in boys. MIH has a significant impact on children's development and is a major factor in the occurrence of caries.
| S-EPMC7503344 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimTo assess dental caries experience of different personality types of 35-44 years old residents in Davangere city.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in field setting. Based on Jenkins Activity Survey Questionnaire11 used to assess the personality types, a personality questionnaire was designed consisting of 20 items. Questionnaire was used to assess and categorize personality types as Type A, Type B and Type AB. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 17. Standard descriptive statistics were generated. Evaluation of data was done using chi square test.ResultsPrevalence of dental caries was 96.6% in Type A personality and 95.9% in Type B personality and this difference was not statistically significant (person chi square p value = 0.53).DiscussionIn a cross-sectional survey it is difficult to inspect personality types which is a qualitative variable with some people giving different responses at different occasions. There are chances of social desirability bias. Hence, longitudinal studies should be conducted to ascertain the association between personality types and dental carries.
| S-EPMC5343164 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Finland has the fourth highest injury mortality rate in the European Union. To better understand the causes of the high injury rate, and prevent these fatal injuries, studies are needed. Therefore, we set out to complete an analysis of the epidemiology of fatal trauma, and any contributory role for alcohol, long suspected to promote fatal injuries. As a study area, we chose the four northernmost counties of Finland; their mix of remote rural areas and urban centres allowed us to correlate mortality rates with 'rurality'.The Causes of Death Register was consulted to identify deaths from external causes over a 5-year time period. Data were retrieved from death certificates, autopsy reports and medical records. The municipalities studied were classified as either rural or urban.Of 2915 deaths categorized as occurring from external causes during our study period, 1959 were eligible for inclusion in our study. The annual crude mortality rate was 54 per 100,000 inhabitants; this rate was higher in rural vs. urban municipalities (65 vs. 45 per 100,000 inhabitants/year). Additionally, a greater number of pre-hospital deaths from accidental high-energy trauma occurred in rural areas (78 vs. 69%). 42% of all pre-hospital deaths occurred under the influence of alcohol.The crude mortality rate for fatal injuries was high overall as compared to other studies, and elevated in rural areas, where pre-hospital deaths were more common. Almost half of pre-hospital deaths occurred under the influence of alcohol.
| S-EPMC4849198 | biostudies-other
Project description:The outbreak of coronavirus named COVID-19, initially identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has spread rapidly at the global scale. Most countries have rapidly stopped almost all activities including industry, services and transportation of goods and people, thus decreasing air pollution in an unprecedented way, and providing a unique opportunity to study air pollutants. While satellite data have provided visual evidence for the global reduction in air pollution such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) worldwide, precise and quantitative information is missing at the local scale. Here we studied changes in particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), NO2, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) at 10 urban sites in Hangzhou, a city of 7.03 million inhabitants, and at 1 rural site, before city lockdown, January 1-23, during city lockdown, January 24-February 15, and during resumption, February 16-28, in 2020. Results show that city lockdown induced a sharp decrease in PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NO2 concentrations at both urban and rural sites. The NO2 decrease is explained by reduction in traffic emissions in the urban areas, and by lower regional transport in rural areas during lockdown, as expected. SO2 concentrations decreased from 6.3 to 5.3 ?g m-3 in the city, but increased surprisingly from 4.7 to 5.8 ?g m-3 at the rural site: this increase is attributed both to higher coal consumption for heating and emissions from traditional fireworks of the Spring Eve and Lantern Festivals during lockdown. Unexpectedly, O3 concentrations increased by 145% from 24.6 to 60.6 ?g m-3 in the urban area, and from 42.0 to 62.9 ?g m-3 in the rural area during the lockdown. This finding is explained by the weakening of chemical titration of O3 by NO due to reductions of NOx fresh emissions during the non-photochemical reaction period from 20:00 PM to 9:00 AM (local time). During the lockdown, compared to the same period in 2019, the daily average concentrations in the city decreased by 42.7% for PM2.5, 47.9% for PM10, 28.6% for SO2, 22.3% for CO and 58.4% for NO2, which is obviously explained by the absence of city activities. Overall, we observed not only the expected reduction in some atmospheric pollutants (PM, SO2, CO, NO2), but also unexpected increases in SO2 in the rural areas and of ozone (O3) in both urban and rural areas, the latter being paradoxically due to the reduction in nitrogen oxide levels. In other words, the city lockdown has improved air quality by reducing PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NO2, but has also decreased air quality by augmenting O3 and SO2.
| S-EPMC7292245 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Conflicting guideline recommendations for screening colonoscopy result due to scant data upon which to develop appropriate recommendations. No previous study has compared the prevalence of advanced adenomas or adenomas (any size) among 40-49 year old individuals with a first degree relative (FDR) with colorectal cancer (CRC) versus 40-49 year old average risk individuals with no family history of CRC. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of colon adenomas in 40-49 year old individuals and identify risk factors associated with the presence of advanced adenomas. This data will provide evidence to determine appropriate colon cancer screening guidelines in 40-49 year old persons with a family history of colon polyps or colorectal cancer.
| 2178138 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:ObjectivesThe present study investigated the prevalence and factors contributing to dental caries in 12-15-year-old adolescents in northeast China to provide information for dental caries promotion programmes.Design, setting and participantsA cross-sectional survey including caries examination and questionnaire was performed in Liaoning province, China. 3731 12-15-year-old school adolescents participated in the survey. School adolescents were randomly selected and received a clinical oral examination and completed questionnaires that assessed their oral health-related behaviours and attitudes.ResultsOverall, 3731 12-15-year-old school adolescents participated in the survey. The prevalence of dental caries in these adolescents was 53.65%, and the mean number of decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) in the adolescents was 1.64±2.38 in northeast China, which was higher than the mean in China as a whole. A remarkable difference in DMFTwas exhibited between age groups, region and gender (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, region, gender and father' education were related to the occurrence of caries in these adolescents.ConclusionThe 12-15-year-old school adolescents assessed exhibited a high prevalence of dental caries and low awareness of oral health. It is critical to protect permanent teeth, and oral and dental health education and promotion should be more comprehensively integrated into school courses for these adolescents.
| S-EPMC8593713 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFrom 2005 to 2015, the prevalence of dental caries in both primary and permanent dentitions was significantly increased in China. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of permanent dental caries in school-aged children had already reached 19.7%-54.0%, 97.5% affecting first permanent molars. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and contributing factors of dental caries in 6-year-old children in four regions of China to provide information for oral health promotion programs.MethodsA randomized cluster sampling method was employed in the study. All 6-year-old first grade children from the selected schools were invited to receive a clinical oral examination. Dental caries were diagnosed according to the World Health Organization criteria. The erupting first permanent molars were recorded using the modified International Caries Detection Assessment System. Questionnaires assessing children's oral health-related behaviors and their caretakers' oral health awareness and attitudes were completed by the children's parents or guardians.ResultsOverall, 4,936 6-year-old school children participated in the survey. The prevalence of caries among these children was 87.7%, with a mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth of 6.04 (SD, 4.24). In primary dentition, the caries prevalence was 87.7%, and the mean dmft score was 6.01 (SD, 4.22). In permanent dentition, the caries prevalence was 2.0%, the mean DFS score was 0.04 (SD, 0.31). All permanent dental caries occurred on the first permanent molars. Carious tooth surfaces were identified as modified ICDAS code "A" to indicate initial caries and distinct visual change in enamel. The mean DAS score of non-cavitated caries in the first permanent molars was 0.18 (SD, 0.67). Logistic regression analysis showed that regional and gender factors were significantly related to the caries experience of these children.ConclusionsThe 6-year-old children from four regions of China had sever primary dental caries and the first permanent molars were at high risk for dental caries. It is critical to protect permanent teeth from caries as early as the eruption of the first permanent molars.
| S-EPMC6546074 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is a recognized risk factor for the global burden of disease in human populations. We are presenting here the application of toxicogenomics in the evaluation of the toxic effects of organic content of atmospheric particle matter (PM), from urban and rural environments (city of Barcelona and village of La Pobla, NE Spain), using the developing zebrafish embryo. The main goal is to identify the metabolic pathways involved in the adverse effects observed in zebrafish embryos exposed to PM organic content from urban and rural environments, also allowing the selection of genes of interest that are differentially expressed. The relevance of particle size to the PM toxicity is also addressed. Indeed, the zebrafish embryos were exposed to PM of aerodynamic diameter larger than 7.2 μm and smaller than 0.5 μm (PM10 and PM0.5, respectively). PM0.5 concentrated biological and toxic activities linked to organic substances. Transcriptomic analyses showed strong induction of the AhR signalling pathway (a.k.a. dioxin-like activity) for embryos exposed to both rural and urban extracts, correlating with the concentrations of PAHs. Urban extracts, with strong contribution of traffic emissions, specifically de-regulated oxidative stress-related genes, as well as pancreatic and eye-lens specific genes, two organs known to be affected by air pollution in humans. Exposure to rural extracts, with high contribution of wood burning emissions, affected genes implicated in basic cellular functions, in agreement with their strong embryotoxicity. Extracts from rural and urban samples elicited both common and specific transcriptome responses, suggesting different potentially adverse outcomes depending on PM source and composition. The authors thank the financial support of the Spanish Ministry (project TEA-PARTICLE, grant number CGL2011-29621) and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology for the doctoral grant of Sofia R. Mesquita (SFRH/BD/80710/2011) funded by the Program POPH-QREN through the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science and the European Social Fund, and support through project PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2013.
2015-10-26 | GSE53522 | GEO
Project description:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the association between urban-rural location and the occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Yangon Region, and to estimate the proportion of urban and rural participants already diagnosed with DM, and of those, the proportion under treatment and under control. DESIGN:Two cross-sectional studies, using the WHO STEPs methodology. SETTING:The Yangon Region of Myanmar, urban and rural areas. PARTICIPANTS:Men and women, aged 25-74 years, included during the study period from September-November 2013 (urban) and 2014 (rural areas) (n=1372). Institutionalised people, physically and mentally ill person, monks and nuns were excluded. RESULTS:The age-standardised prevalence of DM was 12.1% in urban and 7.1% in rural areas (p=0.039). In urban areas, the prevalence of DM was lowest in the highest educational groups (p<0.001). There were no differences in DM prevalence between gender or income levels. In rural areas, those who were physically inactive had a low intake of fruit and vegetable and were overweight/obese had a higher DM prevalence than others. In a logistic regression, the OR for DM in rural compared with urban areas was 0.38 (0.22, 0.65), adjusted for sociodemographic variables and behavioural risk factors. In urban areas, 43.1% of participants had the experience of receiving blood glucose measurements by a doctor or health worker, and 61.5% of all cases of DM were already diagnosed, 78.7% were under treatment and 45.8% were under control. The corresponding proportions in rural areas were 26.4%, 52.4%, 78.1% and 32.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION:The prevalence of DM in the Yangon Region was high, and significantly higher in urban than in rural areas. More health services are needed to serve this population with a large proportion of undiagnosed diabetes. Preventive measures to halt and reduce the prevalence of DM are urgently needed.
| S-EPMC5884374 | biostudies-literature