Feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care handheld echocardiography in acute ischemic stroke patients - a pilot study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kraft P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5553778 | biostudies-other | 2017 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Objective: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is routinely performed as part of standard acute ischemic stroke (AIS) workup. However, the overall yield of TTE is unclear and many patients may undergo unnecessary investigations. This study aims to investigate the utility of TTE as part of AIS workup. Methods: We collected data on consecutive patients with AIS who were admitted to our institution between 07/01/2016 and 09/30/2017. Patients were included based on neuroimaging-documented AIS, age >18 and neuroimaging studies. Primary endpoint was the proportion of cases in which TTE yielded relevant finding, defined as Atrial Septa Defect or Patent Foramen Ovale, left atrial enlargement, left ventricular thrombus or ejection fraction of <35%. Secondary endpoint was the proportion of patients who had a TTE-drive change in management. Results: Among 548 AIS patients (median age 71 [59-81] years, 50% female), 482 (87%) underwent TTE. Clinically relevant findings were observed in 183 (38%) patients, leading to additional workup in 41 (8.5%). Further workup was associated with younger median age (58 [50-65] vs. 72 [62-81], p < 0.0001, and was less likely in suspected large vessel etiology (p = 0.02). Abnormal TTE lead to treatment change in 24 (5%) patients; 22/24 were started on anticoagulation. TTE results were less likely to influence treatment changes in older patients (71 [60-80] vs. 58 [49-69] years, p = 0.02) with known atrial fibrillation (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that despite widespread use, the overall yield of TTE in AIS is low. Stratifying patients according to their likelihood of benefitting from it will be important toward better resource utilization.
| S-EPMC7040372 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo summarise the accuracy of handheld echocardiography (HAND) which, if shown to be sufficiently similar to that of standard echocardiography (STAND), could usher in a new age of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) screening in endemic areas.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Scopus, EBSCOHost and ISI Web of Science were initially searched on 27 September 2017 and again on 3 March 2020 for studies published from 2012 onwards.Eligibility criteriaStudies assessing the accuracy of HAND compared with STAND when performed by an experienced cardiologist in conjunction with the 2012 World Heart Federation criteria among populations of children and adolescents living in endemic areas were included.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies against review-specific Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)-2 criteria. A meta-analysis using the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model was conducted to produce summary results of sensitivity and specificity. Forest plots and scatter plots in receiver operating characteristic space in combination with subgroup analyses were used to investigate heterogeneity. Publication bias was not investigated.ResultsSix studies (N=4208) were included in the analysis. For any RHD detection, the pooled results from six studies were as follows: sensitivity: 81.56% (95% CI 76.52% to 86.61%) and specificity: 89.75% (84.48% to 95.01%). Meta-analytical results from five of the six included studies were as follows: sensitivity: 91.06% (80.46% to 100%) and specificity: 91.96% (85.57% to 98.36%) for the detection of definite RHD only and sensitivity: 62.01% (31.80% to 92.22%) and specificity: 82.33% (65.15% to 99.52%) for the detection of borderline RHD only.ConclusionsHAND displayed good accuracy for detecting definite RHD only and modest accuracy for detecting any RHD but demonstrated poor accuracy for the detection of borderline RHD alone. Findings from this review provide some evidence for the potential of HAND to increase access to echocardiographic screening for RHD in resource-limited and remote settings; however, further research into feasibility and cost-effectiveness of wide-scale screening is still needed.Prospero registration numberCRD42016051261.
| S-EPMC7597508 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeCT attenuation of ischemic brain reduces with time after stroke onset. We aimed to quantify this relationship and test the feasibility and accuracy of estimating stroke onset time using only CT attenuation of visible ischemic lesions, the CT-Clock Tool.MethodsWe selected CT scans with ischemic lesions representing a range of stroke-onset-to-scan times (elapsed time) from a well-defined stroke trial. We measured the attenuation of ischemic lesions and contralateral normal brain to derive attenuation ratio. We assigned scans to development (75%) or test (25%) datasets. We plotted the relationship between attenuation ratio and elapsed time in the development dataset and derived a best-fit curve. We calculated estimated time in the test dataset using only the attenuation ratio curve. We compared estimated time to elapsed time and derived absolute error for estimated time. We assessed area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve for identifying scans ≤ 4.5 h elapsed time.ResultsWe included 342 scans from 200 patients (41% male, median age 83 years). Elapsed time range: 22 min to 36 days. Estimation errors were least at early elapsed times (r = 0.82, p < 0.0001): median absolute error was 23, 106, 1030 and 1933 min for scans acquired ≤ 3, > 3-9, > 9-30 and > 30 h from stroke onset, respectively. AUROC was high at 0.955.ConclusionsIt is feasible to accurately estimate stroke onset time using simple attenuation measures of ischemic brain. Our method was most accurate 0-9 h from onset and may be useful for treatment eligibility assessment, especially where imaging resources are limited.
| S-EPMC8128810 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHandheld echocardiography (HHE) is concordant with standard transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in a variety of settings but has not been thoroughly compared to traditional TTE in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).HypothesisCompleted by experienced operators, HHE provides accurate diagnostic capabilities compared with standard TTE in AMI patients.MethodsThis study prospectively enrolled patients admitted to the coronary care unit with AMI. Experienced sonographers performed HHE with a V-scan. All patients underwent clinical TTE. Each HHE was interpreted by 2 experts blinded to standard TTE. Agreement was assessed with κ statistics and concordance correlation coefficients.ResultsAnalysis included 82 patients (mean age, 66 years; 74% male). On standard TTE, mean left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction was 46%. Correlation coefficients between HHE and TTE were 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.66 to 0.82) for LV ejection fraction and 0.69 (95% confidence interval: 0.58 to 0.77) for wall motion score index. The κ statistics ranged from 0.47 to 0.56 for LV enlargement, 0.55 to 0.79 for mitral regurgitation, and 0.44 to 0.57 for inferior vena cava dilatation. The κ statistics were highest for the anterior (0.81) and septal (0.71) apex and lowest for the mid inferolateral (0.36) and basal inferoseptal (0.36) walls.ConclusionsIn patients with AMI, HHE and standard TTE demonstrate good correlation for LV function and wall motion. Agreement was less robust for structural abnormalities and specific wall segments. In experienced hands, HHE can provide a focused assessment of LV function in patients hospitalized with AMI; however, HHE should not substitute for comprehensive TTE.
| S-EPMC6490553 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The rapid detection and identification of infectious disease pathogens is a critical need for healthcare in both developed and developing countries. As we gain more insight into the genomic basis of pathogen infectivity and drug resistance, point-of-care nucleic acid testing will likely become an important tool for global health. In this paper, we present an inexpensive, handheld, battery-powered instrument designed to enable pathogen genotyping in the developing world. Our Microfluidic Biomolecular Amplification Reader (µBAR) represents the convergence of molecular biology, microfluidics, optics, and electronics technology. The µBAR is capable of carrying out isothermal nucleic acid amplification assays with real-time fluorescence readout at a fraction of the cost of conventional benchtop thermocyclers. Additionally, the µBAR features cell phone data connectivity and GPS sample geotagging which can enable epidemiological surveying and remote healthcare delivery. The µBAR controls assay temperature through an integrated resistive heater and monitors real-time fluorescence signals from 60 individual reaction chambers using LEDs and phototransistors. Assays are carried out on PDMS disposable microfluidic cartridges which require no external power for sample loading. We characterize the fluorescence detection limits, heater uniformity, and battery life of the instrument. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate the detection of the HIV-1 integrase gene with the µBAR using the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay. Although we focus on the detection of purified DNA here, LAMP has previously been demonstrated with a range of clinical samples, and our eventual goal is to develop a microfluidic device which includes on-chip sample preparation from raw samples. The µBAR is based entirely around open source hardware and software, and in the accompanying online supplement we present a full set of schematics, bill of materials, PCB layouts, CAD drawings, and source code for the µBAR instrument with the goal of spurring further innovation toward low-cost genetic diagnostics.
| S-EPMC3731356 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study was conducted to assess the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of brain artery territory recognition based on geoprojected two-dimensional maps of diffusion MRI data in stroke patients. In this retrospective study, multiplanar diffusion MRI data of ischemic stroke patients was used to create a two-dimensional map of the entire brain. To guarantee correct representation of the stroke, a computer-aided brain artery territory diagnosis was developed and tested for its diagnostic accuracy. The test recognized the stroke-affected brain artery territory based on the position of the stroke in the map. The performance of the test was evaluated by comparing it to the reference standard of each patient's diagnosed stroke territory on record. This study was designed and conducted according to Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD). The statistical analysis included diagnostic accuracy parameters, cross-validation, and Youden Index optimization. After cross-validation on a cohort of 91 patients, the sensitivity of this territory diagnosis was 81% with a specificity of 87%. With this, the projection of strokes onto a two-dimensional map is accurate for representing the affected stroke territory and can be used to provide a static and printable overview of the diffusion MRI data. The projected map is compatible with other two-dimensional data such as EEG and will serve as a useful visualization tool.
| S-EPMC4652171 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The purpose of the present study was to establish the accuracy of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in diagnosis of acute type A aortic dissection in comparison to computed tomography (CT), with reference to the intraoperative image.The retrospective analysis included 178 patients referred to the cardiac surgery unit in our center due to acute type A dissection between 01-01-2008 and 31-12-2013, who underwent both TTE and CT. Intraoperative image was considered as a reference.Statistical analysis did not show any significant differences between computed tomography and echocardiography in the detection of the proximal aortic dissection. In patients with aortic valve abnormalities, procedure of choice was replacement by a composite graft (77,59%), whereas patients with a normal image of aortic valve were more likely to have the valve sparing procedure (50,88%). The R-Spearman statistics shows a strong positive correlation between maximum diameter of ascending aorta measured by TTE and CT (cc 0.869) and TTE and intraoperative measurement (cc 0.844).Our data confirm that transthoracic echocardiography is a reliable method for diagnosis of proximal aortic dissection. TTE provides a reliable value of maximum diameter of the ascending aorta in comparison to both CT and direct intraoperative measurement. Moreover, transthoracic echocardiography gives the additional information that influences the operative technique of choice and identifies the high-risk patients (cardiac tamponade, severe aortic dilatation, severe aortic regurgitation). Our retrospective analysis confirms the pivotal role of TTE in the evaluation of the patients with suspected proximal aortic dissection in emergency room setting.
| S-EPMC4396118 | biostudies-other
Project description:AimsPulmonary transit time (PTT; the time for ultrasound contrast to travel from the right ventricle [RV] to the left atrium) may provide a single metric that reports on cardiopulmonary function while overcoming some of the challenges of standard echocardiographic measures. We conducted a pilot study to test the feasibility and reproducibility of echocardiographically derived PTT and to determine its association with established measures of cardiopulmonary function.Methods and resultsA total of 39 patients receiving clinically indicated ultrasound contrast were prospectively enrolled. PTT was measured in the apical four-chamber view using commercially available software. Reproducibility and inter-observer agreement were assessed in 9 patients. PTT was correlated with established measures of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, RV function, and pulmonary vascular status. PTT could be measured in 89% (33/37) of patients without a contraindication to ultrasound contrast; all measurements from the last 20 patients were interpretable and obtained independently by a sonographer. Reproducibility and inter-observer agreement were excellent. PTT correlated well with standard echocardiographic indicators of cardiac status. A PTT >4.5 seconds accurately identified all but 1 patient with cardiopulmonary dysfunction.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrates that measurement of PTT using ultrasound contrast is highly reproducible, accurately reflects global cardiopulmonary function across a range of cardiopulmonary disease, and can be readily obtained by an independent sonographer. Further studies are needed to determine whether PTT has incremental value in diagnosis and prognosis compared to conventional echocardiographic parameters.
| S-EPMC4536186 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background To clarify differences in clinical significance of intracardiac thrombi in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation-associated stroke as identified by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Methods and Results Using patient data on nonvalvular atrial fibrillation-associated ischemic stroke between 2011 and 2014 from 15 South Korean stroke centers (n=4841) and 18 Japanese centers (n=1192), implementation rates of TEE/TTE, and detection rates of intracardiac thrombi at each center were correlated. The primary outcome was recurrent ischemic stroke at 1 year after the onset. A total of 5648 patients (median age, 75 years; 2650 women) were analyzed. Intracardiac thrombi were detected in 75 patients (1.3%) overall. Thrombi were detected in 7.8% of patients with TEE (either TEE alone or TEE+TTE: n=679) and in 0.6% of those with TTE alone (n=3572). Thrombus detection rates varied between 0% and 14.3% among centers. As TEE implementation rates at each center increased from 0% to 56.7%, thrombus detection rates increased linearly (detection rate [%]=0.11×TEE rate [%]+1.09 [linear regression], P<0.01). TTE implementation rates (32.3%-100%) were not associated with thrombus detection rates (P=0.53). Intracardiac thrombi were associated with risk of recurrent ischemic stroke overall (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.35, 95% CI, 1.07-5.16). Thrombus-associated ischemic stroke risk was high in patients with TEE (aHR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.17-8.35), but not in those with TTE alone (aHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.12-6.51). Conclusions Our data suggest clinical relevance of TEE for accurate detection and risk stratification of intracardiac thrombi in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation-associated stroke. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01581502.
| S-EPMC8751927 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Elevated plasma homocysteine is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke, however the etiology remains poorly understood. Elevated homocysteine is known to inhibit methyltransferases including DNA methyltransferases, but no methylome-wide analysis of elevated homocysteine has been reported. Peripheral blood genomic DNA methylation in 8 Singaporean-Chinese ischemic stroke patients (4 male, 4 female) with varying homocysteine titer and hypertensive status were profiled using methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) protein-enriched genome sequencing (MBD-seq) on Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx. A methylome wide screen was undertaken for gender, total plasma homocysteine, hypertension and age. The data show considerable variability within the small cohort, including at genes which are related to one carbon metabolism and cardiovascular disease. Peripheral blood genomic DNA methylation in 8 Singaporean-Chinese ischemic stroke patients (4 male, 4 female) was profiled using methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) protein-enriched genome sequencing (MBD-seq) on Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx. Methylation parrterns were correlated with homocysteine levels, lypertensive status, gender and age.
2014-05-27 | E-GEOD-57962 | biostudies-arrayexpress