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Anti-Caries Effects of Dental Adhesives Containing Quaternary Ammonium Methacrylates with Different Chain Lengths.

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of dental adhesives containing quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) with different alkyl chain lengths (CL) on ecological caries prevention in vitro. Five QAMs were synthesized with a CL = 3, 6, 9, 12, and 16 and incorporated into adhesives. Micro-tensile bond strength and surface charge density were used to measure the physical properties of the adhesives. The proportion change in three-species biofilms consisting of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii was tested using the TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction. Lactic acid assay, MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, exopolysaccharide staining, live/dead staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transverse microradiography (TMR) were performed to study the anti-biofilm and anti-demineralization effects of the dental adhesives. The results showed that incorporating QAMs with different alkyl chain lengths into the adhesives had no obvious effect on the dentin bond strength. The adhesives containing QAMs with a longer alkyl chain developed healthier biofilms. The surface charge density, anti-biofilm, and anti-demineralization effects of the adhesives increased with a CL of the QAMs from 3 to 12, but decreased slightly with a CL from 12 to 16. In conclusion, adhesives containing QAMs with a tailored chain length are promising for preventing secondary caries in an "ecological way".

SUBMITTER: Han Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5554024 | biostudies-other | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Dental adhesives are vital for the success of dental restorations. The objective of this study is to make strong and durable dental adhesives that are free from 2 symbolic methacrylate-based dental resins-2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryl-oxypropoxy)-phenyl]-propane (Bis-GMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA)-and have equivalent/improved bonding strength and durability. We formulated, prepared, and evaluated 2 dental adhesives using mixtures of a hydrolytically stable ether-based monomer, triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether (TEG-DVBE), with urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) or pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate. These adhesives were composed of equimolar ester-/ether-based vinyl functional groups. They were compared with Bis-GMA/HEMA-based commercial and experimental dental adhesives in terms of shear bond strength and microtensile bond strength (µTBS) to human dentin and the µTBS bond stability under extended thermocycling challenges. In addition, the resins' infiltration to dentin tubules, mechanical performance, and chemical properties were assessed by scanning electron microscopy, ISO standard flexural strength and modulus measurements, contact angle measurements, and water sorption/solubility measurements. The hybrid TEG-DVBE-containing dental adhesives generated equivalent shear bond strength and µTBS in comparison with the controls. Significantly, these adhesives outperformed the controls after being challenged by 10,000 thermocycles between 5 °C and 55 °C. Water contact angle measurements suggested that the hybrid dental adhesives were relatively more hydrophobic than the Bis-GMA/HEMA controls. However, both TEG-DVBE-containing adhesives developed more and deeper resin tags in dentin tubules and formed thicker hybrid layers at the composite-dentin interface. Furthermore, the water solubility of UDMA/TEG-DVBE resins was reduced approximately 89% in comparison with the Bis-GMA/HEMA controls. The relatively hydrophobic adhesives that achieved equivalent/enhanced bonding performance suggest great potentials in developing dental restoration with extended service life. Furthermore, the TEG-DVBE-containing materials may find wider dental applications and broader utility in medical device development.

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Anti-Caries Effects of Dental Adhesives Containing Quaternary Ammonium Methacrylates with Different Chain Lengths.

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