Dimensions of sexual orientation and sleep disturbance among young adults.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Fricke J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5555087 | biostudies-other | 2017 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundEmerging evidence from general population studies suggests that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults are more likely to experience adverse cardiovascular outcomes relative to heterosexuals. No studies have examined whether sexual orientation disparities exist in biomarkers of early cardiovascular disease risk.PurposeTo determine whether sexual orientation disparities in biomarkers of early cardiovascular risk are present among young adults.MethodsData come from Wave IV (2008-2009) of the National Longitudinal Study for Adolescent Health (N=12,451), a prospective nationally representative study of U.S. adolescents followed into young adulthood (mean age=28.9 years). A total of 520 respondents identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual. Biomarkers included C-reactive protein, glycosylated hemoglobin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate. Analyses were conducted in 2012.ResultsIn gender-stratified models adjusted for demographics (age, race/ethnicity); SES (income, education); health behaviors (smoking, regular physical activity, alcohol consumption); and BMI, gay and bisexual men had significant elevations in C-reactive protein, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate, compared to heterosexual men. Despite having more risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and higher BMI, lesbians and bisexual women had lower levels of C-reactive protein than heterosexual women in fully adjusted models.ConclusionsEvidence was found for sexual orientation disparities in biomarkers of cardiovascular risk among young adults, particularly in gay and bisexual men. These findings, if confirmed in other studies, suggest that disruptions in core physiologic processes that ultimately confer risk for cardiovascular disease may occur early in the life course for sexual-minority men.
| S-EPMC3659331 | biostudies-literature
Project description:INTRODUCTION:Sexual and gender minority (SGM) young adults have higher smoking prevalence than their non-SGM peers. Less is known about differences in smoking characteristics within the SGM community. METHODS:Participants were SGM young adult smokers age 18-25 (N?=?165, M age?=?21.8) enrolled in a clinical trial of the Put It Out Project, a Facebook smoking cessation intervention for SGM young adults. Analyses tested differences between 1) sexual orientation groups, and 2) gender identity groups, on the following smoking characteristics: cigarettes/day, daily smoker (yes/no), social smoker (yes/no), years of smoking, number of close friends who smoke (out of 5), age of initiation, age began smoking regularly, time to first cigarette (30?min or less/>30?min), lifetime quit attempts, past-year quit attempts, and stage of change for quitting smoking (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation). RESULTS:Participants were 56% bi/pansexual, 18% gay, 18% lesbian, 8% other (e.g., asexual, queer). The gender identity of the sample was 52% cisgender, 18% transgender, 30% gender non-binary. Lesbian women began smoking at an older age (M?=?18.0, SD?=?2.0) than "other" sexual orientation participants (M?=?15.7, SD?=?2.2), p?<?.05. Transgender participants smoked the most cigarettes per day (M?=?11.3, SD?=?6.7), followed by cisgender (M?=?8.1, SD?=?5.6), then non-binary (M?=?5.7, SD?=?3.5) participants (p?<?.001; pairwise comparisons p's?<?0.05). No other constructs differed by sexual orientation or gender. CONCLUSIONS:Smoking characteristics were mostly similar across subgroups of young adult SGM smokers; however, transgender individuals were heavier smokers.
| S-EPMC6545125 | biostudies-literature
Project description:STUDY OBJECTIVES:Sexual minority adolescents experience mental and physical health disparities attributable to increased discrimination and minority stress. These same factors may also impair sleep health, although available literature on this topic is limited. This study examined longitudinal associations between adolescent sexual minority status and seven sleep behaviors in young adulthood and tested depressive symptoms and overweight as mediators. METHOD:Data were drawn from Waves 2 (11th grade) to 7 (4 years after high school) of the NEXT Generation Health Study, a national longitudinal cohort study of US adolescents (n = 1946; 6.3% sexual minorities). RESULTS:There were no significant sexual orientation disparities in sleep duration, trouble falling asleep, trouble staying asleep, or trouble waking up during young adulthood. Relative to heterosexual females, sexual minority females had higher odds of snoring/stop breathing (36.6% versus 19.2%; adjusted odds ratio = 2.57; 95% confidence interval = 1.30, 5.09) and reported more frequent daytime sleepiness (b = 0.66, 95% confidence interval = 0.05, 1.27). Mediation analyses revealed that female sexual minority status was associated with increased risk of snoring/stop breathing though overweight status (mediated 43.6% of total effect) and was also associated with increased daytime sleepiness through higher depressive symptoms (mediated 70.8% of total effect). CONCLUSIONS:Among US youth, no sexual orientation disparities were found except for snoring/stop breathing and daytime sleepiness among females. Sexual orientation disparities in these aspects of sleep are partially due to worse mental and physical health among sexual minority females, highlighting depressive symptoms and overweight problems as potential intervention targets. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Title: Health Behavior in School-Aged Children: NEXT Longitudinal Study 2009-2016; Identifier: NCT01031160.
| S-EPMC6853407 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background This study focuses on sexual orientation and gender-based differences among Israeli young adult substance use behaviors. In addition, it evaluates young adult perception of substance use and acceptance of substances use by close friends. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study. A self-reported anonymous questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample of 496 young-adults (age: M?=?23.14, SD?=?2.48), which included 126 heterosexual males, 128 heterosexual females, 131 gay men, and 111 lesbians. Results This study revealed significant sexual orientation and gender differences in all outcomes examined. Significant substance usage differences were found for same-sex orientation as 52% reported cannabis use and 24% reported using other illegal substances during the past 12?months compared to 34 and 6% (respectively) among heterosexuals. Significant gender differences were found, as male participants reported 50% cannabis use and 19% reported other illegal substance use in the past 12?months compared to 35 and 11% (respectively) among females. Additionally, compared with heterosexuals, gay men and lesbians perceived/assessed significantly higher substance usage rates among their close friends and higher levels of substance use acceptance by close friends. Regression models indicated the important role of respondent perceived and acceptance of substance use among close friends. Binge drinking, cannabis use, and other illegal substance use were positively associated with participants’ perceived substance use and substance use acceptance level by close friends, after controlling for gender, sexual orientation, age, and level of education. Conclusions Close friends and community norms can play an important role in shaping substance usage among young adults, especially among gay men and lesbians. The results of the current study highlight the need for developing prevention and harm reduction drug policies for Israeli young adults, especially for gay men and lesbians. Interventions should also focus on young adult peers and community norms related to substance use by professionals in educational, policy-making, and therapeutic contexts.
| S-EPMC7541271 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe goal of the present study was to examine whether sexual minority young adults are more vulnerable to developing cardiometabolic risk following exposure to stressful life events than heterosexual young adults.MethodData came from the National Longitudinal Study for Adolescent Health (Shin, Edwards, & Heeren, 2009; Brummett et al., 2013), a prospective nationally representative study of U.S. adolescents followed into young adulthood. A total of 306 lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) respondents and 6,667 heterosexual respondents met inclusion criteria for this analysis. Measures of cumulative stressful life events were drawn from all 4 waves of data collection; sexual orientation and cardiometabolic biomarkers were assessed at Wave 4 (2008-2009).ResultsGay/bisexual men exposed to 1-2 (β = 0.71, p = .01) and 5+ (β = 0.87, p = .01) stressful life events had a statistically significant elevation in cardiometabolic risk, controlling for demographics, health behaviors, and socioeconomic status. Moreover, in models adjusted for all covariates, lesbian/bisexual (β = 0.52, p = .046) women with 5+ stressful life events had a statistically significant elevation in cardiometabolic risk. There was no relationship between stressful life events and cardiometabolic risk among heterosexual men or women.ConclusionStressful life events during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood place LGB young adults at heightened risk for elevated cardiometabolic risk as early as young adulthood. The mechanisms underlying this relationship require future study.
| S-EPMC4436691 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Genome-wide transcriptional profiling results were used to systematically assess the extent to which transcriptomes of older adults with insomnia show expression of genes that are different from those without insomnia
2022-07-22 | GSE208668 | GEO
Project description:We examined risky sexual choice under the lens of rational decision-making. Participants (N = 257) completed a novel sexual-choice task in which they selected from among hypothetical sexual partners varying in physical attractiveness and in the probability that one would contract a sexually transmitted infection (STI) from a one-time sexual encounter with them. We found that nearly all participants evaluated the sexual-choice alternatives in a coherent fashion consistent with utility-based theories of rational choice. In subsequent analyses, we classified participants' responses according to whether their sexual preferences were based on maximizing attractiveness or minimizing the risk of STIs. Finally, we established an association between sexual choice in our task and reported real-world sexual risk-taking.
| S-EPMC7580154 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSleep disturbance and its daytime sequelae, which comprise complex, transdiagnostic sleep problems, are pervasive problems in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and are associated with negative outcomes. Effective interventions must be both evidence based and individually tailored. Some AYAs prefer self-management and digital approaches. Leveraging these preferences is helpful, given the dearth of AYA treatment providers trained in behavioral sleep medicine. We involved AYAs in the co-design of a behavioral, self-management, transdiagnostic sleep app called DOZE (Delivering Online Zzz's with Empirical Support).ObjectiveThis study tests the feasibility and acceptability of DOZE in a community AYA sample aged 15-24 years. The secondary objective is to evaluate sleep and related outcomes in this nonclinical sample.MethodsParticipants used DOZE for 4 weeks (2 periods of 2 weeks). They completed sleep diaries, received feedback on their sleep, set goals in identified target areas, and accessed tips to help them achieve their goals. Measures of acceptability and credibility were completed at baseline and end point. Google Analytics was used to understand the patterns of app use to assess feasibility. Participants completed questionnaires assessing fatigue, sleepiness, chronotype, depression, anxiety, and quality of life at baseline and end point.ResultsIn total, 83 participants created a DOZE account, and 51 completed the study. During the study, 2659 app sessions took place with an average duration of 3:02 minutes. AYAs tracked most days in period 1 (mean 10.52, SD 4.87) and period 2 (mean 9.81, SD 6.65), with a modal time of 9 AM (within 2 hours of waking). DOZE was appraised as highly acceptable (mode≥4) on the items "easy to use," "easy to understand," "time commitment," and "overall satisfaction" and was rated as credible (mode≥4) at baseline and end point across all items (logic, confident it would work, confident recommending it to a friend, willingness to undergo, and perceived success in treating others). The most common goals set were decreasing schedule variability (34/83, 41% of participants), naps (17/83, 20%), and morning lingering in bed (16/83, 19%). AYAs accessed tips on difficulty winding down (24/83, 29% of participants), being a night owl (17/83, 20%), difficulty getting up (13/83, 16%), and fatigue (13/83, 16%). There were significant improvements in morning lingering in bed (P=.03); total wake time (P=.02); sleep efficiency (P=.002); total sleep time (P=.03); and self-reported insomnia severity (P=.001), anxiety (P=.002), depression (P=.004), and energy (P=.01).ConclusionsOur results support the feasibility, acceptability, credibility, and preliminary efficacy of DOZE. AYAs are able to set and achieve goals based on tailored feedback on their sleep habits, which is consistent with research suggesting that AYAs prefer autonomy in their health care choices and produce good results when given tools that support their autonomy.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03960294; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03960294.
| S-EPMC8694239 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Limited patient-provider communication about sexual health is a crucial barrier to patients receiving treatment for sexual problems, and little is known about how patient sexual orientation is associated with patient-provider communication about sexual problems. OBJECTIVE:To describe the prevalence of patient-provider communication about sexual problems and the associations between communication and (1) persistent sexual problems and (2) whether those who identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual had disclosed their sexual orientation to their clinicians. DESIGN:Cross-sectional, online survey PARTICIPANTS: 4325 English-speaking US adults from KnowledgePanel®, a probability-based sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population. MAIN MEASURES:Sexual orientation, disclosure of sexual orientation (being "out") to a health care provider, communication with health care providers regarding sexual problems or concerns, and persistent sexual problems or concerns. KEY RESULTS:In the past year, 8-15% of US adults discussed a sexual problem or concern with a health care provider. Between 23 and 42% of US adults reported persistent sexual problem(s) in the past year, and of those, 18% of gay/lesbian women, 20% of heterosexual women, 22% of bisexual women, 30% of gay men, 31% of heterosexual men, and 37% of bisexual men had discussed a sexual concern with a clinician. Eighty percent of gay/lesbian women and 70% of gay men had disclosed their sexual orientation to their regular health care provider, versus only 24% of bisexual men and women. Among those who were "out," 30% had ever talked to a clinician about a sexual problem compared with 17% of those who were not "out." A smaller proportion of lesbian women had ever received care or treatment for a sexual problem, 6% compared with 14-23% in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS:There are significant unmet needs among US adults with regard to patient-provider communication about sexual problems or concerns. Improving patient-provider communication about sexual health is critical.
| S-EPMC6848742 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe opioid epidemic in the U.S. continues to increase in severity, and misuse of prescription opioids is of particular concern since it commonly precedes heroin use. This study examined whether sexual orientation (i.e., sexual identity and sexual attraction) is a risk factor for prescription opioid misuse and use disorder among a nationally representative sample of adults in the U.S.MethodsThis study used data from adult participants (ages ≥18 years) in the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Chi-square tests and logistic regression examined how sexual identity and sexual attraction relate to past-year and past-month prescription opioid misuse and past-year prescription opioid use disorder. Multivariable models examined associations controlling for demographic characteristics and other drug use. Gender-stratified analyses were also conducted. Data were analyzed in 2018.ResultsIn multivariable analyses, compared with those identifying as heterosexual, bisexual individuals were at 1.53 (95% CI=1.20, 1.97) and 1.66 (95% CI=1.14, 2.42) higher odds of reporting past-year and past-month misuse, respectively. In stratified analyses, female bisexuals remained at high risk. Regarding sexual attraction, compared with being attracted to only the opposite sex, being attracted to mostly the opposite sex (AOR=2.15, 95% CI=1.77, 2.63) or being equally attracted to both sexes (AOR=1.78, 95% CI=1.38, 2.30) were associated with higher odds for past-year opioid misuse. In stratified analyses, these associations were limited to females.ConclusionsSexual orientation disparities in opioid misuse and use disorder among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults was found.
| S-EPMC6385586 | biostudies-literature