Sleep and Cognitive Abnormalities in Acute Minor Thalamic Infarction.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wu W
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5563779 | biostudies-other | 2016 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundPrevious neuroimaging studies have detected abnormal activation and intrinsic functional connectivity of the thalamus after total sleep deprivation. However, very few studies have investigated age-related changes in the dynamic functional connectivity of the thalamus and the abnormalities in the thalamic shape following partial sleep deprivation.MethodsFifty-five participants consisting of 23 old adults (mean age: 68.8 years) and 32 young adults (mean age: 23.5 years) were included in current study. A vertex-based shape analysis and a dynamic functional connectivity analysis were used to evaluate the age-dependent structural and functional abnormalities after three hours of sleep restriction.ResultsShape analysis revealed the significant main effect of deprivation with local atrophy in the left thalamus. In addition, we observed a significant age deprivation interaction effect with reduced variability of functional connectivity between the left thalamus and the left superior parietal cortex following sleep restriction. This reduction was found only in young adults. Moreover, a significantly negative linear correlation was observed between the insomnia severity index and the changes of variability (post-deprivation minus pre-deprivation) in the functional connectivity of the left thalamus with the left superior parietal cortex.ConclusionsThe results indicated that three hours of sleep restriction could affect both the thalamic structure and its functional dynamics. They also highlighted the role of age in studies of sleep deprivation.
| S-EPMC7845526 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:We hypothesized that admission insular infarcts could be associated with early neurological deterioration (END) in acute minor stroke with large vessel occlusion. METHODS:Using acute and follow-up diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), we assessed insular involvement including the percent insular ribbon infarction (PIRI) scores and follow-up lesion patterns in acute minor stroke (NIHSS ?5) with MCA/ICA occlusion. Follow-up lesion patterns were classified as swelling, new lesions, or infarct growth. END was defined as any increase in the NIHSS score. RESULTS:Among 166 patients (age: 66±12 y, 60.8% male), 82 (49.4%) had insular lesions on baseline DWI, and 64 (38.6%) had PIRI scores ?2. On follow-up DWI, infarct growths, new lesions, and swelling were observed in 34.9%, 69.9%, and 29.5% of patients. Infarct growths were significantly more frequent in patients with insular infarcts (43.9%), especially those with a PIRI score of 2 (54.8%), than in patients without insular infarcts (p = 0.02). While END was not significantly different in patients with and without insular lesions, insular lesions were independently associated with infarct growths (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.12-4.26, p = 0.02) and END due to infarct growth (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.12-5.76, p = 0.03), particularly in those with PIRI scores ?2. CONCLUSION:In acute minor stroke with MCA/ICA occlusion, insular lesions on admission DWI, especially in patients with PIRI scores ?2, were more likely to exhibit infarct growth and END due to infarct growth. This finding may help identify patients with higher risks of clinical worsening following acute minor stroke with large vessel occlusion.
| S-EPMC7065779 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background In patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), cardioprotective effects of obstructive sleep apnea are postulated on account of hypoxemic preconditioning. The aim of this single-center substudy was to investigate a potential association between obstructive sleep apnea and the presence of coronary collaterals in patients with first-time acute MI who have been enrolled in an ongoing, multicenter clinical trial. Methods and Results In TEAM-ASV I (Treatment of Sleep Apnea Early After Myocardial Infarction With Adaptive Servo-Ventilation Trial; NCT02093377) patients with first acute MI who received a coronary angiogram within 24 hours after onset of symptoms underwent polygraphy within the first 3 days. Coronary collaterals were classified visually by assigning a Cohen-Rentrop Score (CRS) ranging between 0 (no collaterals) and 3. Of 94 analyzed patients, 14% had significant coronary collaterals with a CRS ≥2. Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) score was significantly higher in patients with CRS ≥2 compared with those with CRS <2 (31/hour [11-54] versus 13/hour [4-27]; P=0.032). A multivariable regression model revealed a significant association between obstructive AHI and CRS ≥2 that was independent of age, sex, body mass index, and culprit lesion left anterior descending artery (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12; P=0.023), but no significant association between coronary collaterals and central AHI (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.97-1.08; P=0.443). Conclusions Patients with first-time acute MI had more extensive coronary collateralization with an increased AHI or rather an increased obstructive AHI. This finding supports the hypothesis that obstructive sleep apnea exerts potential cardioprotective effects, in addition to its known deleterious effects, in patients with acute MI. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02093377.
| S-EPMC8475663 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Slow waves (0.5-4 Hz) predominate in the cortical electroencephalogram during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in mammals. They reflect the synchronization of large neuronal ensembles alternating between active (UP) and quiescent (Down) states and propagating along the neocortex. The thalamic contribution to cortical UP states and sleep modulation remains unclear. Here we show that spontaneous firing of centromedial thalamus (CMT) neurons in mice is phase-advanced to global cortical UP states and NREM-wake transitions. Tonic optogenetic activation of CMT neurons induces NREM-wake transitions, whereas burst activation mimics UP states in the cingulate cortex and enhances brain-wide synchrony of cortical slow waves during sleep, through a relay in the anterodorsal thalamus. Finally, we demonstrate that CMT and anterodorsal thalamus relay neurons promote sleep recovery. These findings suggest that the tonic and/or burst firing pattern of CMT neurons can modulate brain-wide cortical activity during sleep and provides dual control of sleep-wake states.
| S-EPMC6438460 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimTo study the prevalence of cognitive and emotional impairment following a minor ischemic stroke compared to an age-matched group with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).MethodsWe included patients aged 18-70 years with a minor ischemic stroke defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-2 at day 7 or at discharge if before and age-matched NSTEMI patients with the same functional mRS. We applied a selection of cognitive tests and the patients completed a questionnaire comprising of Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) at follow-up 12 months after the vascular event. Results of cognitive tests were also compared to normative data.Results325 ischemic stroke and 144 NSTEMI patients were included. There was no significant difference in cognitive functioning between ischemic stroke and NSTEMI patients. Minor stroke patients and to a lesser extent NSTEMI patients scored worse on more complex cognitive functions including planning and implementation of activities compared to validated normative data. For the minor stroke patients the location of the ischemic lesion had no influence on the result. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and fatigue was significantly higher in the stroke group compared to the NSTEMI group. Depression was independently associated with reduced cognitive function.Discussion and conclusionMinor ischemic stroke patients, and to lesser degree NSTEMI patients, had reduced cognitive function compared to normative data, especially executive functioning, on 12-month follow-up. The difference in cognitive function between stroke and NSTEMI patients was not significant. Depression was associated with low scores on cognitive tests highlighting the need to adequately address emotional sequelae when considering treatment options for cognitive disabilities.
| S-EPMC6463585 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Study objectivesImpaired sleep is an established risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, whereas less is known about how impaired sleep affects cardiovascular prognosis. The aim of this study is to determine how different aspects of impaired sleep affect the risk of case fatality and subsequent cardiovascular events following first-time acute myocardial infarction (AMI).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThe Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program, Sweden.ParticipantsThere were 2,246 first-time AMI cases.Measurements and resultsSleep impairment was assessed by the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire, which covers various indices of impaired sleep: disturbed sleep, impaired awakening, daytime sleepiness, and nightmares. Case fatality, defined as death within 28 days of initial AMI, and new cardiovascular events within up to 10 y of follow-up were identified through national registries. In women, disturbed sleep showed a consistently higher risk of long-term cardiovascular events: AMI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-3.00), stroke (HR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.19-5.76), and heart failure (HR = 2.43; 95% CI: 1.18-4.97), whereas no clear effect of impaired sleep on case fatality was found in women. In men, a strong effect on case fatality (odds ratio = 3.27; 95% CI: 1.76-6.06) was observed in regard to impaired awakening; however, no consistent effect of impaired sleep was seen on long-term cardiovascular prognosis.ConclusionResults suggest sex-specific effects of impaired sleep that differ by short- and long-term prognosis. Sleep complaints are frequent, easily recognizable, and potentially manageable. Evaluation of sleep complaints may, even if they represent prognostic markers rather than risk factors, provide additional information in clinical risk assessment that could benefit secondary cardiovascular prevention.
| S-EPMC3985096 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Central thalamic deep brain stimulation (CT-DBS) has been proposed as an experimental therapeutic approach to produce consistent sustained regulation of forebrain arousal for several neurological diseases. We investigated local field potentials (LFPs) induced by CT-DBS from the thalamic central lateral nuclei (CL) and the striatum as potential biomarkers for the enhancement of lever-pressing skill learning. LFPs were simultaneously recorded from multiple sites in the CL, ventral striatum (Vstr), and dorsal striatum (Dstr). LFP oscillation power and functional connectivity were assessed and compared between the CT-DBS and sham control groups. The theta and alpha LFP oscillations were significantly increased in the CL and striatum in the CT-DBS group. Furthermore, interhemispheric coherences between bilateral CL and striatum were increased in the theta band. Additionally, enhancement of c-Fos activity, dopamine D2 receptor (Drd2), and ?4-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (?4-nAChR) occurred after CT-DBS treatment in the striatum and hippocampus. CT-DBS strengthened thalamic-striatal functional connectivity, which demonstrates that the inter-regional connectivity enhancement might contribute to synaptic plasticity in the striatum. Altered dopaminergic and cholinergic receptors resulted in modulation of striatal synaptic plasticity's ability to regulate downstream signaling cascades for higher brain functions of lever-pressing skill learning.
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Project description:Study objectivesPolysomnographic investigation of sleep architecture in children presenting with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS).MethodsFifteen consecutive subjects meeting criteria for PANS (mean age = 7.2 y; range 3-10 y) underwent single-night full polysomnography (PSG) read by a pediatric neurologist.ResultsThirteen of 15 subjects (87%) had abnormalities detected with PSG. Twelve of 15 had evidence of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep motor disinhibition, as characterized by excessive movement, laughing, hand stereotypies, moaning, or the continuation of periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) into REM sleep.ConclusionsThis study shows various forms of REM sleep motor disinhibition present in a population of children with PANS.
| S-EPMC4918985 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Central thalamic electrical stimulation has been proposed as a method for remediation of acquired cognitive disability. Long-standing experimental and clinical observations indicate a key role for neurons within the central thalamus in maintaining the alert waking state and facilitating attended behaviors. Here, we show that continuous high frequency (100 Hz) electrical stimulation of the central thalamus generates widespread cortical activation of c-fos across all cortical layers and a selective pattern of regulation of zif268 within the supragranular, granular, and infragranular cortical laminae. Significant elevation of both immediate early genes also is seen in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Use of the same stimulation parameters is shown to facilitate untrained goal-directed seeking behavior and object recognition memory in rodents. An overall increase of exploratory motor behaviors and grooming activity also is observed, consistent with a global increase in arousal. Taken together, these studies indicate that electrical stimulation of the central thalamus may enhance cognitive performance through neocortical and hippocampal neuronal activation and specific regulation of gene expression.
| S-EPMC1622923 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObejctiveObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) increases left ventricular transmural pressure more than central sleep apnoea (CSA) owing to negative intrathoracic pressure swings. We tested the hypothesis that the severity of OSA, and not CSA, is therefore associated with spheric cardiac remodelling after acute myocardial infarction.MethodsThis sub-analysis of a prospective observational study included 24 patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Spheric remodelling, calculated according to the sphericity index, was assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 12 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. OSA and CSA [apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥ 5/hour] were diagnosed by polysomnography.ResultsWithin 12 weeks after acute myocardial infarction, patients with OSA exhibited a significant increase in systolic sphericity index compared to patients without sleep-disordered breathing (no SDB) and patients with CSA (OSA vs. CSA vs. no SDB: 0.05 ± 0.04 vs. 0.01 ± 0.04 vs. - 0.03 ± 0.03, p = 0.002). In contrast to CSA, the severity of OSA was associated with an increase in systolic sphericity index after accounting for TIMI-flow before percutaneous coronary intervention, infarct size, pain-to-balloon-time and systolic blood pressure [OSA: B (95% CI) 0.443 (0.021; 0.816), p = 0.040; CSA: 0.193 (- 0.134; 0.300), p = 0.385].ConclusionIn contrast to CSA and no SDB, OSA is associated with spheric cardiac remodelling within the first 12 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. Data suggest that OSA-related negative intrathoracic pressure swings may contribute to this remodelling after acute myocardial infaction.
| S-EPMC8238704 | biostudies-literature