Frequency of consumption of specific food items and symptoms of preeclampsia and eclampsia in Indian women.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Agrawal S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5564494 | biostudies-other | 2014 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Available evidence concerning the association between indoor air pollution (IAP) from biomass and solid fuel combustion and preeclampsia/eclampsia is not available in developing countries. We investigated the association between exposure to IAP from biomass and solid fuel combustion and symptoms of preeclampsia/eclampsia in Indian women by analyzing cross-sectional data from India's third National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3, 2005-2006). Self-reported symptoms of preeclampsia/eclampsia during pregnancy such as convulsions (not from fever), swelling of legs, body or face, excessive fatigue or vision difficulty during daylight, were obtained from 39,657 women aged 15-49 years who had a live birth in the previous 5 years. Effects of exposure to cooking smoke, ascertained by type of fuel used for cooking on preeclampsia/eclampsia risk, were estimated using logistic regression after adjusting for various confounders. Results indicate that women living in households using biomass and solid fuels have two times higher likelihood of reporting preeclampsia/eclampsia symptoms than do those living in households using cleaner fuels (OR = 2.21; 95%: 1.26-3.87; P = 0.006), even after controlling for the effects of a number of potentially confounding factors. This study is the first to empirically estimate the associations of IAP from biomass and solid fuel combustion and reported symptoms suggestive of preeclampsia/eclampsia in a large nationally representative sample of Indian women and we observed increased risk. These findings have important program and policy implications for countries such as India, where large proportions of the population rely on polluting biomass fuels for cooking and space heating. More epidemiological research with detailed exposure assessments and clinical measures of preeclampsia/eclampsia is needed in a developing country setting to validate these findings.
| S-EPMC4431462 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo determine the pattern of pathological changes in placentas of preeclamptic/eclamptic parturients and its correlation with the clinical severity as well as the perinatal outcome.MethodsA cross-sectional analytical study of placental pathologies in preeclamptic/eclamptic patients was performed in a blinded pattern and compared with matched normal controls. Data were analyzed using Epi-Info 2008 version 3.5.1.ResultsPlacental pathologies were evaluated in 61 preeclamptic/eclamptic patients and in 122 controls. Of the 61 placentas, 53 (4.7%) were of preeclampsia while 8 (0.71%) were of eclampsia. Of the preeclamptic group, 14 (23%) had mild preeclampsia while 39 (63.9%) had severe preeclampsia. Infarction, haematoma, and some histological changes increased with the severity of preeclampsia (p < 0.001). When comparing placentas in eclampsia, severe preeclampsia, mild preeclampsia, and normal controls, there was respective increase in the presence of any infarction (75%, 66.7%, 35.7% vs. 12.3%) or any haematoma (100%, 100%, 71.4% vs. 35.2%), decidual arteriopathy (87.5%, 76.9%, 64.3% vs. 35.2%), cytotrophoblastic proliferation (75%, 71.8%, 42.9% vs. 25.4%), and accelerated villous maturation (75%, 69.2%, 57.1% vs. 31.1%). There was no statistically significant difference in placental calcifications, stromal oedema, stromal fibrosis, and syncytial knots. Degree of placental infarction was correlated with the fetal birth weight. The fetal birth weight with placental involvement of >10% was significant (p=0.01).ConclusionIn mild or severe preeclampsia/eclampsia, placentas had significant histological signs of ischaemia and degree of placental involvement by infarction is inversely proportional to fetal birth weight. While feto-placental ratio was higher with increased severity of the disease, the mean weight was less. This trial is registered with researchregistry3503.
| S-EPMC6171203 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pre-eclampsia or Eclampsia (PE or E) accounts for 25% of cases of maternal mortality worldwide. There is some evidence of a link to dietary factors, but few studies have explored this association in developing countries, where the majority of the burden falls. We examined the association between adequately diversified dietary intake, iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and symptoms suggestive of PE or E in Indian women.Cross-sectional data from India's third National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3, 2005-06) was used for this study. Self-reported symptoms suggestive of PE or E during pregnancy were obtained from 39,657 women aged 15-49 years who had had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between adequately diversified dietary intake, iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and symptoms suggestive of PE or E after adjusting for maternal, health and lifestyle factors, and socio-demographic characteristics of the mother.In their most recent pregnancy, 1.2% (n=456) of the study sample experienced symptoms suggestive of PE or E. Mothers who consumed an adequately diversified diet were 34% less likely (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.51-0.87) to report PE or E symptoms than mothers with inadequately diversified dietary intake. The likelihood of reporting PE or E symptoms was also 36% lower (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47-0.88) among those mothers who consumed iron and folic acid supplementation for at least 90 days during their last pregnancy. As a sensitivity analysis, we stratified our models sequentially by education, wealth, antenatal care visits, birth interval, and parity. Our results remained largely unchanged: both adequately diversified dietary intake and iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy were associated with a reduced occurrence of PE or E symptoms.Having a adequately diversified dietary intake and iron and folic acid supplementation in pregnancy was associated with a reduced occurrence of symptoms suggestive of PE or E in Indian women.
| S-EPMC4364955 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background:Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are used to estimate the usual food and nutrient intakes over a period of time. Such estimates can suffer from measurement errors, either due to bias induced by respondent's answers or to errors induced by the structure of the questionnaire (e.g., using a limited number of food items and an aggregated food database with average portion sizes). The "structural validation" presented in this study aims to isolate and quantify the impact of the inherent structure of a FFQ on the estimation of food and nutrient intakes, independently of respondent's perception of the questionnaire. Methods:A semi-quantitative FFQ (n?=?94 items, including 50 items with questions on portion sizes) and an associated aggregated food composition database (named the item-composition database) were developed, based on the self-reported weekly dietary records of 1918 adults (18-79 years-old) in the French Individual and National Dietary Survey 2 (INCA2), and the French CIQUAL 2013 food-composition database of all the foods (n?=?1342 foods) declared as consumed in the population. Reference intakes of foods ("REF_FOOD") and nutrients ("REF_NUT") were calculated for each adult using the food-composition database and the amounts of foods self-reported in his/her dietary record. Then, answers to the FFQ were simulated for each adult based on his/her self-reported dietary record. "FFQ_FOOD" and "FFQ_NUT" intakes were estimated using the simulated answers and the item-composition database. Measurement errors (in %), spearman correlations and cross-classification were used to compare "REF_FOOD" with "FFQ_FOOD" and "REF_NUT" with "FFQ_NUT". Results:Compared to "REF_NUT," "FFQ_NUT" total quantity and total energy intake were underestimated on average by 198?g/day and 666 kJ/day, respectively. "FFQ_FOOD" intakes were well estimated for starches, underestimated for most of the subgroups, and overestimated for some subgroups, in particular vegetables. Underestimation were mainly due to the use of portion sizes, leading to an underestimation of most of nutrients, except free sugars which were overestimated. Conclusion:The "structural validation" by simulating answers to a FFQ based on a reference dietary survey is innovative and pragmatic and allows quantifying the error induced by the simplification of the method of collection.
| S-EPMC5742348 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The measurement of vitamin D nutritional status through dietary assessment is cost effective. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is usually validated against food records (FR). There is no vitamin D-specific FFQ for Qatar population. The objective of this study was to develop a vitamin D-centric FFQ and validate FFQ against three-day FR for Qatar population. A quantitative FFQ based on vitamin D containing foods consumed in Qatar was developed. Vitamin D contents of foods were gathered from food labels and food composition tables from the United States Department of Agriculture. A vitamin D content database was developed for this study purpose. Dietary intakes while using FFQ and three-day FR were collected from 62 women. Vitamin D intakes from FFQ and three-day FR were validated with quartile comparison and Bland-Altman (BA) tests. BA plot showed an agreement between FFQ and three-day FR vitamin D intakes. The BA index was 3.23%, which is <5%, a commonly used standard for validation. Quartile correlation showed that ?73% of subjects were within the same or adjacent quartile. In conclusion, an agreement was found between vitamin D intakes from FFQ and three-day FR in Qatari women. More studies are needed to validate the vitamin D-specific FFQ in Qatari population at large.
| S-EPMC7074537 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Preeclampsia/eclampsia is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet patients' perspectives about their diagnosis are not well understood. Our study examines patient knowledge among women with preeclampsia/eclampsia in a large urban hospital in Ghana. METHODS:Postpartum women diagnosed with preeclampsia or eclampsia were asked to complete a survey 2-5?days after delivery that assessed demographic information, key obstetric factors, and questions regarding provider counseling. Provider counseling on diagnosis, causes, complications, and future health effects of preeclampsia/eclampsia was quantified on a 4-point scale ('Counseling Composite Score'). Participants also completed an objective knowledge assessment regarding preeclampsia/eclampsia, scored from 0 to 22 points ('Preeclampsia/Eclampsia Knowledge Score' (PEKS)). Linear regression was used to identify predictors of knowledge score. RESULTS:A total of 150 participants were recruited, 88.7% (133) with preeclampsia and 11.3% (17) with eclampsia. Participants had a median age of 32?years, median parity of 2, and mean number of 5.4 antenatal visits. Approximately half of participants reported primary education as their highest level of education. While 74% of women reported having a complication during pregnancy, only 32% of participants with preeclampsia were able to correctly identify their diagnosis, and no participants diagnosed with eclampsia could correctly identify their diagnosis. Thirty-one percent of participants reported receiving no counseling from providers, and only 11% received counseling in all four categories. Even when counseled, 40-50% of participants reported incomplete understanding. Out of 22 possible points on a cumulative knowledge assessment scale, participants had a mean score of 12.9?±?0.38. Adjusting for age, parity, and the number of antenatal visits, higher scores on the knowledge assessment are associated with more provider counseling (? 1.4, SE 0.3, p?<?0.001) and higher level of education (? 1.3, SE 0.48, p?=?0.008). CONCLUSIONS:Counseling by healthcare providers is associated with higher performance on a knowledge assessment about preeclampsia/eclampsia. Patient knowledge about preeclampsia/eclampsia is important for efforts to encourage informed healthcare decisions, promote early antenatal care, and improve self-recognition of warning signs-ultimately improving morbidity and reducing mortality.
| S-EPMC7566025 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Our study aimed to evaluate whether the type of food products and the frequency of their consumption are associated with cognitive functioning in younger and older adults. The impact of diets that are high in added sugars and saturated fat on cognitive functioning, especially on memory, was at the center of our interest. Participants in the study were 204 healthy adults (aged 20-55) who performed a multitasking cognitive test and completed dietary and psychological questionnaires. Stepwise regression analysis with age and food consumption patterns as predictors, and the cognitive task performance as a dependent variable, revealed that cognitive task performance worsened with age. However, we found that the frequency of consuming different types of foods (healthy versus unhealthy dietary patterns) moderates the effects of age on cognitive functioning. Red meat and animal fat consumption were negatively correlated with cognitive performance, and this relation was dependent on the age of our participants. Conversely, white meat and fish consumption were positively related to memory. Different indices of dietary patterns (both positive and negative) were stronger predictors of cognitive performance in the older adult group. We interpret our results as evidence that diet may be a protective (or worsening) factor in age-related cognitive decline.
| S-EPMC8399560 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The clinical spectrum of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is determined by the interplay between environmental and genetic factors, most of which remains unknown. ERAP1, ERAP2 and LNPEP genes code for multifunctional aminopeptidases involved with antigen processing and degradation of small peptides such as angiotensin II (Ang II), vasopressin and oxytocin. We aimed to test for associations between genetic variants in aminopeptidases and HDP. A total of 1282 pregnant women (normotensive controls, n = 693; preeclampsia, n = 342; chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia, n = 61; eclampsia, n = 74; and HELLP syndrome, n = 112) were genotyped for variants in LNPEP (rs27300, rs38034, rs2303138), ERAP1 (rs27044, rs30187) and ERAP2 (rs2549796 rs2927609 rs11135484). We also evaluated the effect of ERAP1 rs30187 on plasma Ang II levels in an additional cohort of 65 pregnant women. The genotype C/C, in ERAP1 rs30187 variant (c.1583 T > C, p.Lys528Arg), was associated with increased risk of eclampsia (OR = 1.85, p = 0.019) whereas ERAP2 haplotype rs2549796(C)-rs2927609(C)-rs11135484(G) was associated with preeclampsia (OR = 1.96, corrected p-value = 0.01). Ang II plasma levels did not differ across rs30187 genotypic groups (p = 0.895). In conclusion, ERAP1 gene is associated with eclampsia whereas ERAP2 is associated with preeclampsia, although the mechanism by which genetic variants in ERAPs influence the risk of preeclampsia and eclampsia remain to be elucidated.
| S-EPMC7990956 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Food items on a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) may be left blank because the food was not consumed, because of difficulties remembering the frequency or amount of intake, or due to an oversight.We explored the predictors and frequency of consumption of omitted food items on an FFQ used in the Nurses' Health Study II. Of 87,676 women who returned a mailed 147-item FFQ in 1999, 34% completed the entire questionnaire, whereas 66% left at least 1 food item blank. Ten or more food items were omitted by 5% of participants. Foods were more likely omitted by women who were older or more physically active. We resurveyed 2876 participants who had left between 1 and 70 food items blank and asked them to fill in the blanks. Overall, 2485 participants provided complete responses.In the resurvey, 64% of the formerly omitted foods were marked as consumed never or less than once per month, 20% as 1 to 3 times per month, 8% as once per week, and 9% as more than once per week. Commonly consumed foods and beverages were less likely omitted because they were not consumed than rarely consumed foods. The best estimate for the true intake value of an omitted food was 0.82 times the average population intake.While calculating nutrient intake, the assumption that items missing represent zero intake is reasonable. However, food items consumed more often in the population at large are less likely than rarely consumed food items to be left blank because they were not consumed.
| S-EPMC3935217 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The mechanisms leading to worse outcomes in African-American (AA) women with preeclampsia/eclampsia remain unclear. Our objective was to identify racial differences in maternal comorbidities, peripartum characteristics, and maternal and fetal outcomes.When compared to white women with preeclampsia/eclampsia, AA women had an increased unadjusted risk of inpatient maternal mortality (OR 3.70, 95% CI: 2.19-6.24). After adjustment for covariates, in-hospital mortality for AA women remained higher than that for white women (OR 2.85, 95% CI: 1.38-5.53), while the adjusted risk of death among Hispanic women did not differ from that for white women. We also found an increased risk of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) among AA women. When compared to white women with preeclampsia, AA women had an increased unadjusted odds of IUFD (OR 2.78, 95% CI: 2.49-3.11), which remained significant after adjustment for covariates (adjusted OR 2.45, 95% CI: 2.14-2.82). In contrast, IUFD among Hispanic women did not differ from that for white women after adjusting for covariates.Our data suggest that African-American women are more likely to have risk factors for preeclampsia and more likely to suffer an adverse outcome during peripartum care. Future research should examine whether controlling co-morbidities and other risk factors will help to alleviate racial disparities in outcomes in this cohort of women.
| S-EPMC4782921 | biostudies-literature