Prevalence of Airflow Obstruction in U.S. Adults Aged 40-79 Years: NHANES Data 1988-1994 and 2007-2010.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Doney B
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5567729 | biostudies-other | 2015 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:IntroductionThis study estimated the prevalence of spirometry-defined airflow obstruction by industry and occupation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among ever-employed U.S. adults.MethodsData came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008 to 2011-2012, a nationally representative study of the non-institutionalized civilian U.S.PopulationData on respondent's current and/or longest held job were used to create prevalence estimates and adjusted prevalence odds ratios (PORs) for airflow obstruction and COPD.ResultsAmong ever-employed U.S. adults, airflow obstruction prevalence was 12.40% and COPD was 3.47%. High airflow obstruction prevalence and significant PORs were reported in mining; manufacturing; construction; and services to buildings industries as well as extraction; bookbinders, prepress, and printing; installers and repairers; and construction occupations.ConclusionPrevalence of airflow obstruction varies by industry and occupation. Industries and occupations with increased risk were identified using the most current NHANES data including detailed occupations and spirometry.
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Project description:To determine the prevalence of gout associated with progressive degrees of kidney disease in the US population.We performed a cross-sectional analysis among non-institutionalized adults (age 20 and older) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys in 1988-1994 and 2007-2010. Gout status was ascertained by self-report of physician-diagnosed gout. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined in stages based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and single albuminuria measurements (albumin-to-creatinine ratio). Prevalence ratios comparing successive categories of GFR, albuminuria, and CKD as well as temporal trends over a 22-year interval were determined via Poisson regression.In the US, the crude prevalence of gout was 2-3% among participants without CKD, 4% among participants with CKD stage 1, 6-10% for stage 2, 11-13% for stage 3, and over 30% for stage 4. The adjusted prevalence ratio comparing the CKD stage 4 stratum to participants without CKD was 3.20 (95% CI: 1.96, 5.24) in 2007-2010 and remained significant even after adjustment for serum uric acid. Notably, there was a statistically significant, progressively greater adjusted prevalence ratio of gout associated with successively lower categories of GFR and higher categories of albuminuria.Among US adults, there exists a strong dose-response association between impaired renal function and prevalent gout. Health providers should be aware of the elevated burden of gout among patients with CKD especially when evaluating new onset joint pain and swelling.
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Project description:To determine the association and prevalence of gout among overweight, obese, and morbidly obese segments of the US population.Among participants (age ?20 years) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys in 1988-1994 and 2007-2010, gout status was ascertained by self-report of a physician diagnosis. Body mass index (BMI) was examined in categories of <18.5 kg/m(2) , 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2) , 25-29.9 kg/m(2) , 30-34.9 kg/m(2) , and ?35 kg/m(2) and as a continuous variable. The cross-sectional association of BMI category with gout status was adjusted for demographic and obesity-related medical disorders.In the US, the crude prevalence of gout was 1-2% among participants with a normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2) ), 3% among overweight participants, 4-5% with class I obesity, and 5-7% with class II or class III obesity. The adjusted prevalence ratio comparing the highest to a normal BMI category was 2.46 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.44-4.21) in 1988-1994 and 2.21 (95% CI 1.50-3.26) in 2007-2010. Notably, there was a progressively greater prevalence ratio of gout associated with successively higher categories of BMI. In both survey periods, for an average American adult standing 1.76 meters (5 feet 9 inches), a 1-unit higher BMI, corresponding to 3.1 kg (~6.8 pounds) greater weight, was associated with a 5% greater prevalence of gout, even after adjusting for serum uric acid (P < 0.001).Health care providers should be aware of the elevated burden of gout among both overweight and obese adults, applicable to both women and men, and observed among non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic African Americans, and Mexican Americans in the US.
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Project description:Dietary phosphorus intake in the USA has been consistently greater than the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) with several studies reporting associations between intake and health risks as well as all-cause mortality within healthy subjects and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The current study utilized a novel approach to calculate added phosphorus content in foods to determine sources (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES 2001-2016, n = 39,796) and trends in consumption (NHANES 1988-1994, 2001-2016, n = 55,744) of total, naturally occurring, and added phosphorus. Among adults (19+ years), the mean intake of total and natural phosphorus (mg/day) in 1988-1994 as compared with 2015-2016 increased (total: 1292 ± SE 11 vs. 1398 ± SE 17; natural: 1113 ± SE 10 vs. 1243 ± SE 16 mg/day); in contrast, added phosphorus intake decreased during this time (178 ± SE 2.9 vs. 155 ± SE 4.1 mg/day). Added phosphorus as a percent of total ranged from about 14.6% in 1988-1994 to about 11.6% in 2015-2016. The top five sources of total and naturally occurring phosphorus, representing approximately 20% of intake, were cheese, pizza, chicken (whole pieces), reduced-fat milk, and eggs/omelets. The top five sources of added phosphorus were cheese, soft drinks, cakes/pies, rolls/buns, and cookies/brownies, representing 45% of added phosphorus in the diet. Consumption of added phosphorus has decreased over the past few decades, possibly due to increased demand for foods with less additives/ingredients but may also be due to inaccurate phosphorus values in nutrition databases. Further studies are needed to validate the added phosphorus calculations utilized in this study and nutrition databases should consider providing added phosphorus content.
| S-EPMC8308364 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn animal studies obesity is associated with higher blood and tissue mercury concentrations; however human studies are lacking. Although the mechanism underlying this association is uncertain, obesity may alter the metabolism and distribution of methylmercury.ObjectivesWe determined whether obesity influenced blood mercury levels, the majority of which was methylmercury, for U.S. non-pregnant adults (≥20 years) and children (2-19 years) after controlling for methylmercury intake through fish and shellfish consumption, and other confounders.MethodsWe completed secondary data analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007-2010) for participants who consumed fish/shellfish within 24h of blood collection for mercury analysis. Weighted least squares regression models related blood mercury levels (the dependent variable) to methylmercury exposure (μg) from fish consumed in the previous 24h, body mass index (BMI) (for adults), BMI z-scores (for children), and other confounders.ResultsIn adjusted models, blood mercury levels were inversely correlated with BMI for adults [β, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.54 (-0.90, -0.18)]. For children, blood mercury levels were inversely correlated with BMI z-scores but the trend was not significant [β (95% CI)=-0.016 (-0.066, 0.035)]. When obese adults or children were compared with those who were overweight/normal weight, blood mercury averaged 22% lower for obese adults (95% CI: -33%, -8.2%), while blood mercury did not differ significantly for obese children [β (95% CI)=-1.7% (-31%, +39%)].ConclusionsAfter adjusting for the main, if not exclusive, exogenous source of methylmercury exposure (through fish/shellfish intake) and other confounders, our results support potential changes in the metabolism, distribution or excretion of methylmercury with increasing BMI (for adults).
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Project description:Studies in US Hispanic adults indicate no deleterious association between obesity and death. We tested the hypothesis that accounting for weight history would provide more insight into this nonassociation.We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine associations between maximum lifetime body mass index (BMI) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among US-residing Mexican American adults. BMI was classified as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5-24.9), overweight (25.0-29.9), obese class I (30.0-34.9), and obese class II (≥35.0). We used Cox proportional hazards to examine the association between maximum lifetime BMI and BMI at survey and all-cause and specific causes of death (ie, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and other) controlling for age, sex, and smoking in 6,242 Mexican American adults enrolled in NHANES III (1988-1994) and NHANES 1999-2010.Mexican Americans categorized as obese class II at maximum lifetime and time of survey had increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54 - 2.93 and HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.10-2.10). Those reporting a maximum lifetime BMI of class I or class II obesity but who were classified as normal weight at survey had increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 2.49; 95% CI, 1.72-3.61 and HR = 3.56; 95% CI, 1.15-11.06, respectively).Increased all-cause mortality risk in Mexican Americans with a lifetime BMI of 35 or greater refutes prior studies, suggesting that maximum lifetime BMI should be included when evaluating obesity-mortality associations in this population.
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Project description:Postoperative adhesions are common after surgery and can cause small-bowel obstruction (SBO) and require adhesiolysis. The impact that laparoscopy and other surgical advances have had on rates of SBO and adhesiolysis remains controversial. This study examines trends in discharges from US hospitals for SBO and adhesiolysis from 1988 to 2007.We performed an analysis of secular trends for SBO and adhesiolysis, using the National Hospital Discharge Survey. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to assess trends over time.Rates of SBO were stable over time (? = .140; P = .28). Adhesiolysis rates were stable over time (? = -.18; P = .17), although there were significant downward trends in patients older than age 65 (? = -.55; P = .01) and age 15 to 44 (? = -.84; P < .01).There has been no significant change in overall rates of SBO or adhesiolysis from 1988 to 2007. For adhesiolysis, there were decreasing trends when stratified by age. Further research is required to understand the factors associated with adhesion-related complications.
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Project description:ImportanceThere have been concerns about increasing levels of hearing impairment in children and adolescents, especially in relation to noise exposure, because even mild levels of hearing loss can affect educational outcomes.ObjectiveTo further characterize changes in prevalence of hearing loss and noise exposures in the US pediatric population over time.Design, setting, and participantsThis is a retrospective analysis of demographic and audiometric data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994), NHANES 2005-2006, NHANES 2007-2008, and NHANES 2009-2010. The NHANES are nationally representative survey data sets collected and managed by the US National Center for Health Statistics, and this study includes a total of 7036 survey participants ages 12 to 19 years with available audiometric measurements.ExposuresHearing-related behaviors and risk factors such as history of ear infections, noise exposures, firearm use, and hearing protection use.Main outcomes and measuresLevel of hearing loss measured by pure-tone audiometry, as well as high-frequency and low-frequency hearing loss and noise-induced threshold shifts.ResultsOverall, data from 7036 survey participants ages 12 to 19 years with available audiometric measurements were analyzed. The prevalence of hearing loss increased from NHANES III to NHANES 2007-2008 (17.0% to 22.5% for >15 dB hearing loss; absolute difference, 5.5%; 95% CI, 6.1%-10.3%) but decreased in the NHANES 2009-2010 to 15.2% (absolute difference, 7.2%; 95% CI, 2.0%-12.4%) with no significant overall secular trend identified. There was an overall rise in exposure to loud noise or music through headphones 24 hours prior to audiometric testing from NHANES III to NHANES 2009-2010. However, noise exposure, either prolonged or recent, was not consistently associated with an increased risk of hearing loss across all surveys. The most recent survey cycle showed that nonwhite race/ethnicity and low socioeconomic status are independent risk factors for hearing loss.Conclusions and relevanceThis analysis did not identify significant changes in prevalence of hearing loss in US youth ages 12 to 19 years over this time period despite increases in reported noise exposures. No consistent associations were shown between noise exposure and hearing loss, though there was an association between racial/ethnic minority status and low socioeconomic status and increased risk of hearing loss. Ongoing monitoring of hearing loss in this population is necessary to elucidate long-term trends and identify targets for intervention.
| S-EPMC5710291 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Trends in the prevalence and control of diabetes defined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are important for health care policy and planning.To update trends in the prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes, and glycemic control.Cross-sectional.NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) in 1988-1994 and 1999-2010.Adults aged 20 years or older.We used calibrated HbA1c levels to define undiagnosed diabetes (?6.5%); prediabetes (5.7% to 6.4%); and, among persons with diagnosed diabetes, glycemic control (<7.0% or <8.0%). Trends in HbA1c categories were compared with fasting glucose levels (?7.0 mmol/L [?126 mg/dL] and 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L [100 to 125 mg/dL]).In 2010, approximately 21 million U.S. adults aged 20 years or older had total confirmed diabetes (self-reported diabetes or diagnostic levels for both fasting glucose and calibrated HbA1c). During 2 decades, the prevalence of total confirmed diabetes increased, but the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes remained fairly stable, reducing the proportion of total diabetes cases that are undiagnosed to 11% in 2005-2010. The prevalence of prediabetes was lower when defined by calibrated HbA1c levels than when defined by fasting glucose levels but has increased from 5.8% in 1988-1994 to 12.4% in 2005-2010 when defined by HbA1c levels. Glycemic control improved overall, but total diabetes prevalence was greater and diabetes was less controlled among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites.Cross-sectional design.Over the past 2 decades, the prevalence of total diabetes has increased substantially. However, the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes cases decreased, suggesting improvements in screening and diagnosis. Among the growing number of persons with diagnosed diabetes, glycemic control improved but remains a challenge, particularly among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans.National Institutes of Health.
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Project description:Little information is available on temporal trends in sodium intake in the U.S. population using urine sodium excretion as a biomarker. Our aim was to assess 1988-2010 trends in estimated 24-h urine sodium (24hUNa) excretion among U.S. adults (age 20-59 y) participating in the cross-sectional NHANES. We used subsamples from a 1988-1994 convenience sample, a 2003-2006 one-third random sample, and a 2010 one-third random sample to comply with resource constraints. We estimated 24hUNa excretion from measured sodium concentrations in spot urine samples by use of calibration equations (for men and women) derived from the International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure study. Estimated 24hUNa excretion increased over the 20-y period [1988-1994, 2003-2006, and 2010; means ± SEMs (n): 3160 ± 38.4 mg/d (1249), 3290 ± 29.4 mg/d (1235), and 3290 ± 44.4 mg/d (525), respectively; P-trend = 0.022]. We observed significantly higher mean estimated 24hUNa excretion in each survey period (P < 0.001) for men compared with women (31-33%) and for persons with a higher body mass index (BMI; 32-35% for obese vs. normal weight) or blood pressure (17-26% for hypertensive vs. normal blood pressure). After adjusting for age, sex, and race-ethnicity, temporal trends in mean estimated 24hUNa excretion remained significant (P-trend = 0.004). We observed no temporal trends in mean estimated 24hUNa excretion among BMI subgroups, nor after adjusting for BMI. Although several limitations apply to this analysis (the use of a convenience sample in 1988-1994 and using estimated 24hUNa excretion as a biomarker of sodium intake), these first NHANES data suggest that mean estimated 24hUNa excretion increased slightly in U.S. adults over the past 2 decades, and this increase may be explained by a shift in the distribution of BMI.
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