Dataset Information

The Impact of Ghrelin in Metabolic Diseases: An Immune Perspective.

ABSTRACT: Obesity and insulin resistance have reached epidemic proportions. Obesogenic conditions are associated with increased risk for the development of other comorbidities and obesity-related diseases. In metabolic disorders, there is chronic low-grade inflammation induced by the activation of immune cells, especially in metabolic relevant organs such as white adipose tissue (WAT). These immune cells are regulated by environmental and systemic cues. Ghrelin is a peptide secreted mainly by X/A-like gastric cells and acts through the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). This receptor is broadly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and in several cell types, including immune cells. Studies show that ghrelin induces an orexigenic state, and there is increasing evidence implicating an immunoregulatory role for ghrelin. Ghrelin mainly acts on the innate and adaptive immune systems to suppress inflammation and induce an anti-inflammatory profile. In this review, we discuss the immunoregulatory roles of ghrelin, the mechanisms by which ghrelin acts and potential pharmacological applications for ghrelin in the treatment of obesity-associated inflammatory diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D).

SUBMITTER: Pereira JADS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5610818 | biostudies-other | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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The Impact of Ghrelin in Metabolic Diseases: An Immune Perspective.

Pereira Jéssica Aparecida da Silva JADS da Silva Felipe Corrêa FC de Moraes-Vieira Pedro Manoel Mendes PMM

Journal of diabetes research 20170907

Obesity and insulin resistance have reached epidemic proportions. Obesogenic conditions are associated with increased risk for the development of other comorbidities and obesity-related diseases. In metabolic disorders, there is chronic low-grade inflammation induced by the activation of immune cells, especially in metabolic relevant organs such as white adipose tissue (WAT). These immune cells are regulated by environmental and systemic cues. Ghrelin is a peptide secreted mainly by X/A-like gas ...[more]

PMID: 29082258

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Project description:Epidemiological studies have revealed concurrence of specific cancers with other disease states such as metabolic syndrome, inflammatory disease and autoimmune disease. Patients with these chronic conditions have a higher incidence of various cancers, more aggressive tumors, and a higher mortality rate. It has been proposed that obesity, inflammation and chronic disease should be correlated with cancer at the molecular level, but common gene signatures or networks have yet to be described. Here, we identify genes regulated during the process of cellular transformation in both a breast epithelial cell line and a set of isogenic fibroblastic cell lines. The resulting gene signature strongly mimics those of many different cancer types, thereby validating these experimental systems as models of oncogenesis. Furthermore, it uncovers transcriptional factors and common gene regulatory networks linking cancer with other disease states such as atheroscelorsis, type II diabetes, obesity, lupus, and cardiomyopathy. We suggest that this common transcriptional program can contribute to the concurrence of different diseases, and that the interplay between this program and cell-type specific factors can give rise to a variety of human diseases. Two isogenic cell lines were used to model transformation. The first employed an inducible oncogene: src fused to the ligand binding domain of the estrogen receptor. ER-src and pBABE control cells were dosed with Tamoxifen or Etoh control across several time points to monitor gene expression during transformation. The other model consists of three isogenic cell lines derived from primary fibroblasts in a serial manner. The first is immortalized by overexpression of telomerase (hTERT), and exhibits normal fibroblast morphology. The second expresses hTERT along with both large and small T antigens of Simian virus 40, and it displays an altered morphology but is not transformed. The third cell line expresses hTERT, T antigens, and an oncogenic derivative of Ras (H-RasV12); it is morphologically transformed and has tumorigenic potential in soft agar and nude mice. Thus, three stages of transformation are represented by these cells.

Dataset Information

The Impact of Ghrelin in Metabolic Diseases: An Immune Perspective.

Publications

The Impact of Ghrelin in Metabolic Diseases: An Immune Perspective.

Similar Datasets

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