Dataset Information

Effect of Transforming Growth Factor-? upon Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps Cysticerci.

ABSTRACT: Taeniids exhibit a great adaptive plasticity, which facilitates their establishment, growth, and reproduction in a hostile inflammatory microenvironment. Transforming Growth Factor-? (TGF?), a highly pleiotropic cytokine, plays a critical role in vertebrate morphogenesis, cell differentiation, reproduction, and immune suppression. TGF? is secreted by host cells in sites lodging parasites. The role of TGF? in the outcome of T. solium and T. crassiceps cysticercosis is herein explored. Homologues of the TGF? family receptors (TsRI and TsRII) and several members of the TGF? downstream signal transduction pathway were found in T. solium genome, and the expression of Type-I and -II TGF? receptors was confirmed by RT-PCR. Antibodies against TGF? family receptors recognized cysticercal proteins of the expected molecular weight as determined by Western blot, and different structures in the parasite external tegument. In vitro, TGF? promoted the growth and reproduction of T. crassiceps cysticerci and the survival of T. solium cysticerci. High TGF? levels were found in cerebrospinal fluid from untreated neurocysticercotic patients who eventually failed to respond to the treatment (P?=?0.03) pointing to the involvement of TGF? in parasite survival. These results indicate the relevance of TGF? in the infection outcome by promoting cysticercus growth and treatment resistance.

SUBMITTER: Adalid-Peralta L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5617888 | biostudies-other | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Publications

Effect of Transforming Growth Factor-β upon Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps Cysticerci.

Adalid-Peralta Laura L Rosas Gabriela G Arce-Sillas Asiel A Bobes Raúl J RJ Cárdenas Graciela G Hernández Marisela M Trejo Celeste C Meneses Gabriela G Hernández Beatriz B Estrada Karel K Fleury Agnes A Laclette Juan P JP Larralde Carlos C Sciutto Edda E Fragoso Gladis G

Scientific reports 20170927 1

Taeniids exhibit a great adaptive plasticity, which facilitates their establishment, growth, and reproduction in a hostile inflammatory microenvironment. Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ), a highly pleiotropic cytokine, plays a critical role in vertebrate morphogenesis, cell differentiation, reproduction, and immune suppression. TGFβ is secreted by host cells in sites lodging parasites. The role of TGFβ in the outcome of T. solium and T. crassiceps cysticercosis is herein explored. Homologues ...[more]

PMID: 28955045

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Taeniasis and cysticercosis are major causes of seizures and epilepsy. Infection by the causative parasite Taenia solium requires transmission between humans and pigs. The disease is considered to be eradicable, but data on attempts at regional elimination are lacking. We conducted a three-phase control program in Tumbes, Peru, to determine whether regional elimination would be feasible. METHODS:We systematically tested and compared elimination strategies to show the feasibility of interrupting the transmission of T. solium infection in a region of highly endemic disease in Peru. In phase 1, we assessed the effectiveness and feasibility of six intervention strategies that involved screening of humans and pigs, antiparasitic treatment, prevention education, and pig replacement in 42 villages. In phase 2, we compared mass treatment with mass screening (each either with or without vaccination of pigs) in 17 villages. In phase 3, we implemented the final strategy of mass treatment of humans along with the mass treatment and vaccination of pigs in the entire rural region of Tumbes (107 villages comprising 81,170 people and 55,638 pigs). The effect of the intervention was measured after phases 2 and 3 with the use of detailed necropsy to detect pigs with live, nondegenerated cysts capable of causing new infection. The necropsy sampling was weighted in that we preferentially included more samples from seropositive pigs than from seronegative pigs. RESULTS:Only two of the strategies implemented in phase 1 resulted in limited control over the transmission of T. solium infection, which highlighted the need to intensify the subsequent strategies. After the strategies in phase 2 were implemented, no cyst that was capable of further transmission of T. solium infection was found among 658 sampled pigs. One year later, without further intervention, 7 of 310 sampled pigs had live, nondegenerated cysts, but no infected pig was found in 11 of 17 villages, including all the villages in which mass antiparasitic treatment plus vaccination was implemented. After the final strategy was implemented in phase 3, a total of 3 of 342 pigs had live, nondegenerated cysts, but no infected pig was found in 105 of 107 villages. CONCLUSIONS:We showed that the transmission of T. solium infection was interrupted on a regional scale in a highly endemic region in Peru. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others.).

Dataset Information

Effect of Transforming Growth Factor-? upon Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps Cysticerci.

Publications

Effect of Transforming Growth Factor-β upon Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps Cysticerci.

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