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Periodontitis and Alzheimer's Disease: A Possible Comorbidity between Oral Chronic Inflammatory Condition and Neuroinflammation.

ABSTRACT: Periodontitis is an oral chronic infection/inflammatory condition, identified as a source of mediators of inflammation into the blood circulation, which may contribute to exacerbate several diseases. There is increasing evidence that inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although inflammation is present in both diseases, the exact mechanisms and crosslinks between periodontitis and AD are poorly understood. Therefore, this article aims to review possible comorbidity between periodontitis and AD. Here, the authors discuss the inflammatory aspects of periodontitis, how this oral condition produces a systemic inflammation and, finally, the contribution of this systemic inflammation for worsening neuroinflammation in the progression of AD.

SUBMITTER: Teixeira FB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5649154 | biostudies-other | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Periodontitis and Alzheimer's Disease: A Possible Comorbidity between Oral Chronic Inflammatory Condition and Neuroinflammation.

Teixeira Francisco B FB Saito Miki T MT Matheus Filipe C FC Prediger Rui D RD Yamada Elizabeth S ES Maia Cristiane S F CSF Lima Rafael R RR

Frontiers in aging neuroscience 20171010

Periodontitis is an oral chronic infection/inflammatory condition, identified as a source of mediators of inflammation into the blood circulation, which may contribute to exacerbate several diseases. There is increasing evidence that inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although inflammation is present in both diseases, the exact mechanisms and crosslinks between periodontitis and AD are poorly understood. Therefore, this article aims to review possib ...[more]

PMID: 29085294

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Project description:Increasing evidence has shown a correlation between chronic periodontitis (CP) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, there is still a lack of direct evidence, and especially key molecules to connect the two diseases. This study aims to investigate potential protein links between CP and AD within the inflammatory aspect. The hippocampus of CP model mice and controls were collected, and changes in protein expression were evaluated using two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) analysis combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 15 differentially expressed proteins were identified in CP model mice, as compared with the controls. Among them, S100-A9, transthyretin, Cofilin 2, peroxiredoxin 2, and lipocalin-2 were validated by Western blot according to their dual function both in inflammation and AD. Based on 2D-DIGE analysis, CP animal model had higher levels of S100-A9, Cofilin 2, peroxiredoxin 2, and lipocalin-2 compared to controls. The level of Cofilin 2, one of the well-established proteins in the pathology of AD, was strongly correlated with the time course of CP pathology, indicating a specific molecular correlation between CP and AD. Moreover, the in vivo results showed the level of Cofilin 2 increased significantly along with a prominent increase of the phosphorylation of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) and tau protein in the cell lysates of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g-LPS)-treated SK-N-SH APPwt cells. Cofilin 2 inhibition resulted in a sharp decrease in PP2A dependent of tau phosphorylation. Furthermore, tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1 was one of the most important inflammatory cytokines for the Pg-LPS-induced Cofilin 2 upregulation in SK-N-SH APPwt cells. These results showed inflammation served as the bond between CP and AD, whereas inflammatory related proteins could be the key linkers between the two diseases. Determining the association between CP and AD at the molecular mechanism will not only hold the direct evidence of the association between the two diseases but also provide a new way of preventing and treating AD: the effective prevention and treatment of CP could serve as a useful method to alleviate the development of AD.

Dataset Information

Periodontitis and Alzheimer's Disease: A Possible Comorbidity between Oral Chronic Inflammatory Condition and Neuroinflammation.

Publications

Periodontitis and Alzheimer's Disease: A Possible Comorbidity between Oral Chronic Inflammatory Condition and Neuroinflammation.

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