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Serum Potassium Levels and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Significant Coronary Artery Disease.

ABSTRACT: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have increased risks of sudden cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death (SCA/SCD) that are not explained by traditional risk factors. We examined associations between serum potassium and SCA/SCD in a large cohort of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and moderate CKD.Among 22,009 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization at our institution between 1999 and 2011, 6181 patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate of ?60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and were not receiving renal replacement therapy. The risk of SCA/SCD and all-cause mortality associated with potassium concentration was evaluated at the time of cardiac catheterization (baseline) and most proximate to SCA/SCD events. Covariate-adjusted Cox models were used to examine relationships between baseline potassium measurements and outcomes. A propensity score-matched, case-control design was used to assess risk associations of potassium measurements obtained proximate to SCA events.In the baseline potassium analysis, compared with levels in the normal range, there was no significant risk association between hyperkalemia (>5 mEq/l) or hypokalemia (<3.5 mEq/l) and SCA/SCD or all-cause death after covariate adjustment. In the proximate potassium analysis, hyperkalemia occurred more frequently than hypokalemia (16.7% vs. 3%), and was associated with a doubling in SCA/SCD risk (adjusted odd ratio: 2.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.33-4.23) whereas there was no significant relationship between hypokalemia and outcome.Among CKD patients with significant CAD, elevated serum potassium levels >5.0 mEq/l are common and are associated with an increased short-term risk of SCA/SCD. Early detection and treatment of hyperkalemia may reduce the high risk of SCD among CKD patients.

SUBMITTER: Pun PH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5733834 | biostudies-other | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Serum Potassium Levels and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Significant Coronary Artery Disease.

Pun Patrick H PH Goldstein Benjamin A BA Gallis John A JA Middleton John P JP Svetkey Laura P LP

Kidney international reports 20170717 6

<h4>Introduction</h4>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have increased risks of sudden cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death (SCA/SCD) that are not explained by traditional risk factors. We examined associations between serum potassium and SCA/SCD in a large cohort of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and moderate CKD.<h4>Methods</h4>Among 22,009 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization at our institution between 1999 and 2011, 6181 patients had an estimated glomerular filtr ...[more]

PMID: 29270520

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Project description:BackgroundLate gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) offers the potential to noninvasively characterize the phenotypic substrate for sudden cardiac death (SCD).ObjectivesThe authors assessed the utility of infarct characterization by CMR, including scar microstructure analysis, to predict SCD in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsPatients with stable CAD were prospectively recruited into a CMR registry. LGE quantification of core infarction and the peri-infarct zone (PIZ) was performed alongside computational image analysis to extract morphologic and texture scar microstructure features. The primary outcome was SCD or aborted SCD.ResultsOf 437 patients (mean age: 64 years; mean left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF]: 47%) followed for a median of 6.3 years, 49 patients (11.2%) experienced the primary outcome. On multivariable analysis, PIZ mass and core infarct mass were independently associated with the primary outcome (per gram: HR: 1.07 [95% CI: 1.02-1.12]; P = 0.002 and HR: 1.03 [95% CI: 1.01-1.05]; P = 0.01, respectively), and the addition of both parameters improved discrimination of the model (Harrell's C-statistic: 0.64-0.79). PIZ mass, however, did not provide incremental prognostic value over core infarct mass based on Harrell's C-statistic or risk reclassification analysis. Severely reduced LVEF did not predict the primary endpoint after adjustment for scar mass. On scar microstructure analysis, the number of LGE islands in addition to scar transmurality, radiality, interface area, and entropy were all associated with the primary outcome after adjustment for severely reduced LVEF and New York Heart Association functional class of >1. No scar microstructure feature remained associated with the primary endpoint when PIZ mass and core infarct mass were added to the regression models.ConclusionsComprehensive LGE characterization independently predicted SCD risk beyond conventional predictors used in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) insertion guidelines. These results signify the potential for a more personalized approach to determining ICD candidacy in CAD.

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Serum Potassium Levels and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Significant Coronary Artery Disease.

Publications

Serum Potassium Levels and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Significant Coronary Artery Disease.

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