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Nut Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The associations between specific types of nuts, specifically peanuts and walnuts, and cardiovascular disease remain unclear. OBJECTIVES:The authors sought to analyze the associations between the intake of total and specific types of nuts and cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke risk. METHODS:The authors included 76,364 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1980 to 2012), 92,946 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (1991 to 2013), and 41,526 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986 to 2012) who were free of cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline. Nut consumption was assessed using food frequency questionnaires at baseline and was updated every 4 years. RESULTS:During 5,063,439 person-years of follow-up, the authors documented 14,136 incident cardiovascular disease cases, including 8,390 coronary heart disease cases and 5,910 stroke cases. Total nut consumption was inversely associated with total cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. The pooled multivariable hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease among participants who consumed 1 serving of nuts (28 g) 5 or more times per week, compared with the reference category (never or almost never), were 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.79 to 0.93; p for trend = 0.0002) and 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.72 to 0.89; p for trend <0.001), respectively. Consumption of peanuts and tree nuts (2 or more times/week) and walnuts (1 or more times/week) was associated with a 13% to 19% lower risk of total cardiovascular disease and 15% to 23% lower risk of coronary heart disease. CONCLUSIONS:In 3 large prospective cohort studies, higher consumption of total and specific types of nuts was inversely associated with total cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease.

SUBMITTER: Guasch-Ferre M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5762129 | biostudies-other | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Nut Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.

Guasch-Ferré Marta M Liu Xiaoran X Malik Vasanti S VS Sun Qi Q Willett Walter C WC Manson JoAnn E JE Rexrode Kathryn M KM Li Yanping Y Hu Frank B FB Bhupathiraju Shilpa N SN

Journal of the American College of Cardiology 20171101 20

<h4>Background</h4>The associations between specific types of nuts, specifically peanuts and walnuts, and cardiovascular disease remain unclear.<h4>Objectives</h4>The authors sought to analyze the associations between the intake of total and specific types of nuts and cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke risk.<h4>Methods</h4>The authors included 76,364 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1980 to 2012), 92,946 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (1991 to 2013), and 41,52 ...[more]

PMID: 29145952

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Project description:ContextPrevious meta-analyses evaluating the association between nut consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) had substantial methodological limitations and lacked recently published large prospective studies; hence, making an updated meta-analysis highly desirable.ObjectiveTo update the clinical guidelines for nutrition therapy in relation to the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies was conducted using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to summarize the evidence of the association between total nuts, specific types of nuts, and the incidence of, and mortality from, CVD outcomes.Data sourcesRelevant articles were identified by searching the PubMed and Cochrane databases.Data extractionTwo independent researchers screened the articles to identify those that met the inclusion criteria.Data analysisThe inverse variance method with fixed-effect or random-effects models was used to pool data across studies (expressed as risk ratio [RR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Heterogeneity was tested and quantified using the Cochrane Q test and I2-statistic, respectively. The GRADE system was used to assess the quality of the evidence.ResultsNineteen studies were included in the analyses. The results revealed an inverse association between total nut consumption (comparing highest vs lowest categories) and CVD incidence (RR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.800.91; I2,?0%), CVD mortality (RR, 0.77; 95%CI, 0.72-0.82; I2,?3%), coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence (RR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.69-0.96; I2,?74%), CHD mortality (RR, 0.76; 95%CI, 0.67-0.86; I2,?46%), stroke mortality (RR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.75-0.93; I2,?0%), and atrial fibrillation (RR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.73-0.99; I2,?0%). No association was observed with stroke incidence and heart failure. The certainty of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low.ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a beneficial role of nut consumption in reducing the incidence of, and mortality from, different CVD outcomes.

Project description:RationaleThe evidence regarding the potential health benefits of nut consumption among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus is limited.ObjectiveTo examine intake of total and specific types of nuts, including tree nuts and peanuts, in relation to subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease and stroke, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with diabetes mellitus.Methods and resultsThis prospective analysis included 16 217 men and women with diabetes mellitus at baseline or diagnosed during follow-up (Nurses' Health Study: 1980-2014, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study: 1986-2014). Nut consumption was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and updated every 2 to 4 years. During 223 682 and 254 923 person-years of follow-up, there were 3336 incident CVD cases and 5682 deaths, respectively. Higher total nut consumption was associated with a lower risk of CVD incidence and mortality. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for participants who consumed 5 or more servings of total nuts per week (1 serving=28 g), compared with those who consumed <1 serving per month, were 0.83 (0.71-0.98; P trend=0.01) for total CVD incidence, 0.80 (0.67-0.96; P trend=0.005) for coronary heart disease incidence, 0.66 (0.52-0.84; P trend <0.001) for CVD mortality, and 0.69 (0.61-0.77; P trend <0.001) for all-cause mortality. Total nut consumption was not significantly associated with risk of stroke incidence or cancer mortality. For specific types of nuts, higher tree nut consumption was associated with lower risk of total CVD, coronary heart disease incidence, and mortality because of CVD, cancer, and all causes, whereas peanut consumption was associated with lower all-cause mortality only (all P trend <0.001). In addition, compared with participants who did not change the consumption of total nuts from pre- to post-diabetes mellitus diagnosis, participants who increased consumption of total nuts after diabetes mellitus diagnosis had an 11% lower risk of CVD, a 15% lower coronary heart disease risk, a 25% lower CVD mortality, and a 27% lower all-cause mortality. The associations persisted in subgroup analyses stratified by sex/cohort, body mass index at diabetes mellitus diagnosis, smoking status, diabetes mellitus duration, nut consumption before diabetes mellitus diagnosis, or diet quality.ConclusionsHigher consumption of nuts, especially tree nuts, is associated with lower CVD incidence and mortality among participants with diabetes mellitus. These data provide novel evidence that supports the recommendation of incorporating nuts into healthy dietary patterns for the prevention of CVD complications and premature deaths among individuals with diabetes mellitus.

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Nut Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.

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Nut Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.

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