Dataset Information

Cutaneous Scarring: Basic Science, Current Treatments, and Future Directions.

ABSTRACT: Significance: Scarring of the skin from burns, surgery, and injury constitutes a major burden on the healthcare system. Patients affected by major scars, particularly children, suffer from long-term functional and psychological problems. Recent Advances: Scarring in humans is the end result of the wound healing process, which has evolved to rapidly repair injuries. Wound healing and scar formation are well described on the cellular and molecular levels, but truly effective molecular or cell-based antiscarring treatments still do not exist. Recent discoveries have clarified the role of skin stem cells and fibroblasts in the regeneration of injuries and formation of scar. Critical Issues: It will be important to show that new advances in the stem cell and fibroblast biology of scarring can be translated into therapies that prevent and reduce scarring in humans without major side effects. Future Directions: Novel therapies involving the use of purified human cells as well as agents that target specific cells and modulate the immune response to injury are currently undergoing testing. In the basic science realm, researchers continue to refine our understanding of the role that particular cell types play in the development of scar.

SUBMITTER: Marshall CD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5792238 | biostudies-other | 2018 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Publications

Cutaneous Scarring: Basic Science, Current Treatments, and Future Directions.

Marshall Clement D CD Hu Michael S MS Leavitt Tripp T Barnes Leandra A LA Lorenz H Peter HP Longaker Michael T MT

Advances in wound care 20180201 2

<b>Significance:</b> Scarring of the skin from burns, surgery, and injury constitutes a major burden on the healthcare system. Patients affected by major scars, particularly children, suffer from long-term functional and psychological problems. <b>Recent Advances:</b> Scarring in humans is the end result of the wound healing process, which has evolved to rapidly repair injuries. Wound healing and scar formation are well described on the cellular and molecular levels, but truly effective molecula ...[more]

PMID: 29392092

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Project description:Glucocorticoids are the most effective anti-inflammatory therapy for asthma yet are relatively ineffective in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Glucocorticoids suppress inflammation via several molecular mechanisms. Glucocorticoids suppress the multiple inflammatory genes that are activated in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, by reversing histone acetylation of activated inflammatory genes through binding of ligand-bound glucocorticoid receptors (GR) to co-activator molecules and recruitment of histone deacetylase-2 to the activated inflammatory gene transcription complex (trans-repression). At higher concentrations of glucocorticoids GR homodimers interact with DNA recognition sites to activate transcription through increased histone acetylation of anti-inflammatory genes and transcription of several genes linked to glucocorticoid side effects (trans-activation). Glucocorticoids also have post-transcriptional effects and decrease stability of some pro-inflammatory mRNA species. Decreased glucocorticoid responsiveness is found in patients with severe asthma and asthmatics who smoke, as well as in all patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Several molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance have now been identified which involve post-translational modifications of GR. Histone deacetylase-2 is markedly reduced in activity and expression as a result of oxidative/nitrative stress so that inflammation becomes resistant to the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids. Dissociated glucocorticoids and selective GR modulators which show improved trans-repression over trans-activation effects have been developed to reduce side effects, but so far it has been difficult to dissociate anti-inflammatory effects from adverse effects. In patients with glucocorticoid resistance alternative anti-inflammatory treatments are being investigated as well as drugs that may reverse the molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance.

Dataset Information

Cutaneous Scarring: Basic Science, Current Treatments, and Future Directions.

Publications

Cutaneous Scarring: Basic Science, Current Treatments, and Future Directions.

Similar Datasets

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