Dataset Information

Singular case of the driving instructor: Temporal and topographical disorientation.

ABSTRACT: Lesions of the medio-parietal lobes are linked with topographical and temporal disorientation, and are of interest to understanding mental time. We examined a 39-year-old man who worked as a driving instructor before cerebral hemorrhage, and followed his case for 8 years including neuropsychological testing and brain imaging. The patient had mild anterograde episodic amnesia, but no semantic amnesia. He felt that time passed too quickly, and developed a compulsive routine to compensate, although he was able to count time at a normal speed. Furthermore, he was unable to accurately sketch the layout of his house and to make a cross-reference type timetable for the future. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed lesions of the left anterior-posterior cingulate gyrus, and N-isopropyl-[123I] p-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography showed decreased blood flow mainly of the left medio-parietal lobe.

SUBMITTER: Futamura A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5814865 | biostudies-other | 2018 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Singular case of the driving instructor: Temporal and topographical disorientation.

Futamura Akinori A Honma Motoyasu M Shiromaru Azusa A Kuroda Takeshi T Masaoka Yuri Y Midorikawa Akira A Miller Michael W MW Kawamura Mitsuru M Ono Kenjiro K

Neurology and clinical neuroscience 20171212 1

Lesions of the medio-parietal lobes are linked with topographical and temporal disorientation, and are of interest to understanding mental time. We examined a 39-year-old man who worked as a driving instructor before cerebral hemorrhage, and followed his case for 8 years including neuropsychological testing and brain imaging. The patient had mild anterograde episodic amnesia, but no semantic amnesia. He felt that time passed too quickly, and developed a compulsive routine to compensate, although ...[more]

PMID: 29497529

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Project description:Newly differentiated pancreatic β cells lack proper insulin secretion profiles of mature functional β cells. The global gene expression differences between paired immature and mature β cells have been studied, but the dynamics of transcriptional events, correlating with temporal development of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), remain to be fully defined. This aspect is important to identify which genes and pathways are necessary for β-cell development or for maturation, as defective insulin secretion is linked with diseases such as diabetes. In this study, we assayed through RNA sequencing the global gene expression across six β-cell developmental stages in mice, spanning from β-cell progenitor to mature β cells. A computational pipeline then selected genes differentially expressed with respect to progenitors and clustered them into groups with distinct temporal patterns associated with biological functions and pathways. These patterns were finally correlated with experimental GSIS, calcium influx, and insulin granule formation data. Gene expression temporal profiling revealed the timing of important biological processes across β-cell maturation, such as the deregulation of β-cell developmental pathways and the activation of molecular machineries for vesicle biosynthesis and transport, signal transduction of transmembrane receptors, and glucose-induced Ca2+ influx, which were established over a week before β-cell maturation completes. In particular, β cells developed robust insulin secretion at high glucose several days after birth, coincident with the establishment of glucose-induced calcium influx. Yet the neonatal β cells displayed high basal insulin secretion, which decreased to the low levels found in mature β cells only a week later. Different genes associated with calcium-mediated processes, whose alterations are linked with insulin resistance and deregulation of glucose homeostasis, showed increased expression across β-cell stages, in accordance with the temporal acquisition of proper GSIS. Our temporal gene expression pattern analysis provided a comprehensive database of the underlying molecular components and biological mechanisms driving β-cell maturation at different temporal stages, which are fundamental for better control of the in vitro production of functional β cells from human embryonic stem/induced pluripotent cell for transplantation-based type 1 diabetes therapy.

Dataset Information

Singular case of the driving instructor: Temporal and topographical disorientation.

Publications

Singular case of the driving instructor: Temporal and topographical disorientation.

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