Dataset Information

Black-White Differences in Housing Type and Sleep Duration as Well as Sleep Difficulties in the United States.

ABSTRACT: Housing environments can directly and indirectly affect sleep, and blacks are more likely than whites to live in suboptimal housing conditions, which may independently contribute to sleep disparities. However, few large-scale epidemiological studies consider the potential influence of housing type on sleep health. Using data from the 2004-2015 National Health Interview Survey, we investigated overall and Black-White differences in the association between housing type (house/apartment versus mobile home/trailer) and sleep duration as well as sleep difficulties among 226,208 adults in the U.S. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate sex-specific prevalence ratios (PR) for sleep categories, first comparing houses/apartments to mobile homes/trailers and then blacks to whites within housing types. All models were adjusted for age, educational attainment, income, occupational class, self-reported general health status, and region of residence. Compared to participants living in houses/apartments, the prevalence of short sleep was higher for men (PR = 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.08)) and women (PR = 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04-1.09)) in mobile homes/trailers. Black men (PR = 1.26 (95% CI: 1.21-1.30)) and women (PR = 1.24 (95% CI: 1.20-1.27)) in a house/apartment were more likely to be short sleepers than their white counterparts. There was generally no significant difference in sleep characteristics (except long sleep) between black and white men in mobile homes/trailers after adjustments, and black men in houses/apartments as well as black women in both housing types were less likely to report sleep difficulties although being more likely to report short sleep. Overall, individuals in mobile homes/trailers, which may represent suboptimal housing, had worse sleep than those in houses/apartments; and racial differences in the quality of houses and apartments are likely to greatly vary in ways that still contribute to sleep disparities. Race-sex group differences in sleep duration among residents in a house/apartment and even a lack of racial difference among individuals living in mobile homes/trailers support the need for more research on residential environments and eventually multi-level interventions designed to reduce sleep disparities.

SUBMITTER: Johnson DA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5923606 | biostudies-other | 2018 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Black-White Differences in Housing Type and Sleep Duration as Well as Sleep Difficulties in the United States.

Johnson Dayna A DA Thorpe Roland J RJ McGrath John A JA Jackson W Braxton WB Jackson Chandra L CL

International journal of environmental research and public health 20180321 4

Housing environments can directly and indirectly affect sleep, and blacks are more likely than whites to live in suboptimal housing conditions, which may independently contribute to sleep disparities. However, few large-scale epidemiological studies consider the potential influence of housing type on sleep health. Using data from the 2004-2015 National Health Interview Survey, we investigated overall and Black-White differences in the association between housing type (house/apartment versus mobi ...[more]

PMID: 29561769

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Project description:OBJECTIVES:To investigate Black-White disparities in suboptimal sleep and cardiometabolic health by government-assisted rental housing status. DESIGN:National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) pooled cross-sectional data (2004-2016). SETTING:United States. PARTICIPANTS:Black and White adult participants (n?=?80,880). MEASUREMENTS:Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals for self-reported unrecommended (<6 hours), short (?6-<7 hours), and long (>9 hours) sleep duration (each separately vs recommended (?7-9 hours)) and sleep difficulties (eg, trouble falling/staying asleep ?3 days/week) (yes vs no) among Blacks compared to Whites within rental housing categories (government-assisted vs unassisted), separately, for men and women. Within sex/housing categories, we applied the same approach to compare cardiometabolic health outcomes (ie, overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke) between Blacks with worse sleep and Whites with recommended sleep. Models were adjusted for age and other potential confounders. RESULTS:Participants' mean age was 42?±?18 years, 57% were female, and 30% Black. Blacks in unassisted housing had a higher prevalence of unrecommended and short sleep (PR?=?1.22 [1.15-1.30] -men, PR?=?1.14 [1.08-1.21] -women) compared to their White counterparts (phousing?race?=?0.001 -men, phousing?race?=?0.008 -women), but no Black-White differences (PR?=?0.88 [0.73-1.07] -men, PR?=?0.98 [0.89-1.09] -women) were observed among government-assisted renters. Generally, Blacks were less likely to report sleep difficulties than Whites. Cardiometabolic health disparities between Blacks with worse sleep and Whites with recommended sleep were generally smaller among government-assisted renters, but relationships varied by sex. CONCLUSIONS:There were no racial disparities in short sleep duration, and cardiometabolic health disparities were generally attenuated when Blacks and Whites resided in government-assisted rental housing.

Project description:ObjectivesTo advance understanding of the relationship between discrimination and sleep duration and difficulties, with consideration of multiple dimensions of discrimination, and attention to concurrent stressors; and to examine the contribution of discrimination and other stressors to racial/ ethnic differences in these outcomes.DesignCross-sectional probability sample.SettingChicago, IL.ParticipantsThere were 2,983 black, Hispanic, and white adults.Measurements and resultsOutcomes included self-reported sleep duration and difficulties. Discrimination, including racial and nonracial everyday and major experiences of discrimination, workplace harassment and incivilities, and other stressors were assessed via questionnaire. In models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, greater exposure to racial (? = -0.14)) and nonracial (? = -0.08) everyday discrimination, major experiences of discrimination attributed to race/ethnicity (? = -0.17), and workplace harassment and incivilities (? = -0.14) were associated with shorter sleep (P < 0.05). The association between major experiences of discrimination attributed to race/ethnicity and sleep duration (? = -0.09, P < 0.05) was independent of concurrent stressors (i.e., acute events, childhood adversity, and financial, community, employment, and relationship stressors). Racial (? = 0.04) and non-racial (? = 0.05) everyday discrimination and racial (? = 0.04) and nonracial (? = 0.04) major experiences of discrimination, and workplace harassment and incivilities (? = 0.04) were also associated with more (log) sleep difficulties, and associations between racial and nonracial everyday discrimination and sleep difficulties remained after adjustment for other stressors (P < 0.05). Racial/ethnic differences in sleep duration and difficulties were not significant after adjustment for discrimination (P > 0.05).ConclusionsDiscrimination was associated with shorter sleep and more sleep difficulties, independent of socioeconomic status and other stressors, and may account for some of the racial/ethnic differences in sleep.

Dataset Information

Black-White Differences in Housing Type and Sleep Duration as Well as Sleep Difficulties in the United States.

Publications

Black-White Differences in Housing Type and Sleep Duration as Well as Sleep Difficulties in the United States.

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