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Effects of Individual Differences and Job Characteristics on the Psychological Health of Italian Nurses.

ABSTRACT: The Demand Resources and Individual Effects Model (DRIVE Model) is a transactional model that integrates Demands- Control-Support and Effort-Reward Imbalance models emphasising the role of individual (Coping Strategies; Overcommitment) and job characteristics (Job Demands, Social Support, Decision Latitude, Skill Discretion, Effort, Rewards) in the work-related stress process. The present study aimed to test the DRIVE Model in a sample of 450 Italian nurses and to compare findings with those of a study conducted in a sample of UK nurses. A questionnaire composed of Ways of Coping Checklist-Revised (WCCL-R); Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ); ERI Test; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used. Data supported the application of the DRIVE Model to the Italian context, showing significant associations of the individual characteristics of Problem-focused, Seek Advice and Wishful Thinking coping strategies and the job characteristics of Job Demands, Skill Discretion, Decision Latitude, and Effort with perceived levels of Anxiety and Depression. Effort represented the best predictor for psychological health conditions among Italian nurses, and Social Support significantly moderated the effects of Job Demands on perceived levels of Anxiety. The comparison study showed significant differences in the risk profiles of Italian and UK nurses. Findings were discussed in order to define focused interventions to promote nurses' wellbeing.

SUBMITTER: Zurlo MC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5973523 | biostudies-other | 2018 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Effects of Individual Differences and Job Characteristics on the Psychological Health of Italian Nurses.

Zurlo Maria Clelia MC Vallone Federica F Smith Andrew P AP

Europe's journal of psychology 20180312 1

The Demand Resources and Individual Effects Model (DRIVE Model) is a transactional model that integrates Demands- Control-Support and Effort-Reward Imbalance models emphasising the role of individual (Coping Strategies; Overcommitment) and job characteristics (Job Demands, Social Support, Decision Latitude, Skill Discretion, Effort, Rewards) in the work-related stress process. The present study aimed to test the DRIVE Model in a sample of 450 Italian nurses and to compare findings with those of ...[more]

PMID: 29899804

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Project description:BackgroundThe job performance of individual employees determines the overall performance of an organization, and organizational support is known as an important resource at the organizational level to enhance job performance. Although nursing scholars have confirmed the crucial role of organizational support in enhancing job performance, there are no studies on whether psychological capital and organizational identification mediate the association between organizational support and job performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of organizational support, psychological capital, and organizational identification on nurses' job performance.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 455 nurses from 21 public hospitals in China. Instruments were perceived organizational support scale, task performance scale, contextual performance scale, Nurse Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and Organizational Identification Questionnaire. Survey data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS, and hypotheses were tested using path model analysis.ResultsNurses' perceived organizational support, psychological capital, organizational identification, and task/contextual performance were positively correlated in every two variables. Psychological capital played an important mediating role in perceived organizational support and task/contextual performance, as well as organizational identification. The multi-mediating effect of psychological capital and organizational identification on the relationship between organizational support and task/contextual performance were 0.14 and 0.25, respectively.ConclusionsThere was a positive correlation between organizational support and job performance among nurses. Psychological support, organizational identification and contextual performance played a chain mediation role in the relationship between organizational support on task performance in nurses. Nursing managers should pay more attention to enhancing nurses' psychological capital and organizational identification through effective interventions to improve nurses' job performance.

Project description:BackgroundIn public health emergencies, nurses are vulnerable to adverse reactions, especially job burnout. It is critical to identify nurses at risk of burnout early and implement interventions as early as possible.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of the hospitals in Xiangyang City was conducted in January, 2023 using stratified cluster sampling. Anonymized data were collected from 1584 working nurses. The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) were used to evaluate the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout of nurses in public health emergencies. Logistic regression analysis was established to screen for risk factors of burnout, and a nomogram was developed to predict the risk of burnout. A calibration curve and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to validate the nomogram internally.ResultsThis study showed that only 3.7% of nurses were completely free of PTSD during a public health emergency. We found that PTSD varied by age, marital status, procreation status, length of service, employee status, and whether working in the ICU. The nurses aged 30 ~ 40 years old, single, married without children, non-regular employees, worked for less than three years or worked in the ICU had higher levels of PTSD. Regarding the prevalence of burnout, 27.4%, 48.5%, and 18.6% of nurses had a high level of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and diminished personal accomplishment (PA), respectively. There, 31.1% of nurses had more than two types of job burnout. The number of night shifts, the type of hospital, marital status, and the severity of PTSD were all associated with higher rates of exhaustion among nurses. As a graphical representation of the model, a nomogram was created and demonstrated excellent calibration and discrimination in both sets (AUC = 0.787).ConclusionsThis study confirmed the PTSD and burnout are common problems for in-service nurses during public health emergencies and screened out the high-risk groups of job burnout. It is necessary to pay more attention nurses who are single and working in general hospitals with many night shifts, especially nurses with severe PTSD. Hospitals can set up nurses' personal health records to give timely warnings to nurses with health problems, and carry out support interventions to relieve occupational stress.

Project description:BackgroundJob related factors have been associated with higher risk for developing depression, but past studies lacked full consideration of individual factors such as personality and coping. We sought to evaluate associations of personality, coping, job characteristics, and burnout with 12-month trajectories of depressive symptoms among nursing workers.MethodsCohort of nursing workers (N = 281) in a private hospital system, with baseline assessments of personality, job characteristics, and coping. Burnout and depression were measured at baseline and during monthly follow-ups. Linear mixed modeling was used to examine contributions to between- and within-individual variation in monthly depressive symptoms.ResultsPersonality trait of negative affectivity accounted for 36% of between-individual variation in depressive symptoms over 12 months, while job characteristics and coping explained an additional 5% and 8% of this variation, respectively. Exhaustion dimension of burnout was associated with between-individual variation in depressive symptoms (fixed effect β coefficient 2.44, p < 0.001), but not with within-individual variation in symptoms. Disengagement dimension of burnout was not associated with between-individual variation in depressive symptoms, but contributed to within-individual variation in depressive symptoms over time (fixed effect β coefficient 0.52, p = 0.01).LimitationsParticipants were nursing workers within a single hospital system. Participants who were excluded due to missing baseline data were more likely of non-white race, which may also limit the generalizability of our results. We used latent variables to represent certain job and coping characteristics, which may make our results less comparable with other studies examining the role of these factors in work-associated depression.ConclusionsFuture interventions to prevent depression in healthcare workers should consider multiple job and individual factors. Potential components include strategies to manage negative affectivity and reduce avoidant coping, such as cognitive reframing and mindfulness-based techniques, and organizational approaches to address burnout through augmentation of job resources.

Dataset Information

Effects of Individual Differences and Job Characteristics on the Psychological Health of Italian Nurses.

Publications

Effects of Individual Differences and Job Characteristics on the Psychological Health of Italian Nurses.

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