Dataset Information

Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Elements in Farmland Topsoil with Source Identification in Jilin Province, China.

ABSTRACT: The presence of toxic elements in agricultural soils from anthropogenic activities is a potential threat to human health through the food chain. In this study, the concentration of toxic elements in 122 agricultural topsoil composite samples were determined in order to study the current status, identify their sources and assess the level of pollution and human health risk. The results showed that the mean concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As in the farmland topsoil were 21.72, 15.09, 36.08, 0.2451, 0.0378 and 4.957 mg·kg-1, respectively. The spatial distribution showed that the soils were mainly contaminated by Cd, Pb and Hg in midwest Jilin but by Cu and As in the east. According to the pollution index (Pi), Nemerow integrated pollution index (PN) and Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo), Cd and Pb were the main pollutants in the soils. The occurrence of these elements was caused by anthropogenic activities and they were concentrated in the Songyuan-Changchun-Siping economic belt. There is limited non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk to humans. Principal component analyses suggest the Pb, Cd and Hg soil contamination was mainly derived from anthropogenic activities in the Midwest, but all examined toxic elements in the east were mainly due to geogenic anomalies and came from atmospheric deposition.

SUBMITTER: Li F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5982079 | biostudies-other | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Elements in Farmland Topsoil with Source Identification in Jilin Province, China.

Li Fengxu F Zhang Jiquan J Cao Tiehua T Li Sijia S Chen Yanan Y Liang Xuanhe X Zhao Xin X Chen Junwei J

International journal of environmental research and public health 20180522 5

The presence of toxic elements in agricultural soils from anthropogenic activities is a potential threat to human health through the food chain. In this study, the concentration of toxic elements in 122 agricultural topsoil composite samples were determined in order to study the current status, identify their sources and assess the level of pollution and human health risk. The results showed that the mean concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As in the farmland topsoil were 21.72, 15.09, 36.0 ...[more]

PMID: 29789456

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Project description:Guangxi, China, is one of the world's largest karst regions where potential toxic elements tend to accumulate, resulting in high soil background values. This study explores the ecological risk, elemental baseline values, and sources of potential toxic elements in karst regions, expanding the research to include 21 common elements. The significance of this research lies in its implications for the management of potential toxic element pollution, the formulation of environmental quality standards, and soil remediation in karst areas. In this study, 12,547 topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were collected in the study area. Pollution assessment and ecological risk evaluation of eight potential toxic elements (Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, and As) were conducted using the geo-accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to analyze the total content of 21 common elements (Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb, P, Cd, Hg, Co, Mn, Cr, V, I, S, As, pH, Se, N, CaO, Corg, Mo, and F). Additionally, the potential sources of 21 soil elements were preliminarily quantitatively analyzed using the principal component analysis-absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression receptor model. The results showed that (1) Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, V, and As were enriched in the research area and Ca, Cd, Mn, Mo, Hg, As, and Cu might have been influenced by human activities; (2) Cr, Pb, As, and Zn were generally lightly polluted, with Hg having a moderate potential ecological risk level; and (3) Ni and Zn have contributions of 37.99% and 35.07% from geological sources, agricultural fertilization, and pesticides. Mo, V, Cr, Se, Hg, and As exhibit contributions ranging from 39.44 to 59.22% originating from geological backgrounds and human activities. Corg, S, N, and P show contributions of 45.39% to 80.33% from surface vegetation. F, Co, Mn, and Pb have contributions ranging from 31.63 to 47.93% from acidic rocks in the soil parent material, mining activities, and transportation. Cd and CaO derive 31.67% and 40.23%, respectively, from soil parent material and industrial sources. I has 31.94% from geological background and human activities, and 31.95% from soil parent material and atmospheric sources. Cu has 30.56% from geological sources. The study results can serve as a scientific basis for element research in karst areas domestically and internationally.

Project description:Groundwater contamination by potentially harmful elements (PHEs) originating from the weathering of granitic and gneissic rock dissolution poses a public health concern worldwide. This study investigated physicochemical variables and PHEs in the groundwater system and mine water of the Adenzai flood plain region, in Pakistan, emphasizing the fate distribution, source provenance, chemical speciation, and health hazard using the human health risk assessment HHRA-model. The average concentrations of the PHEs, viz., Ni, Mn, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, Co, Fe, and Zn 0.23, were 0.27, 0.07, 0.30, 0.07, 0.06, 0.08, 0.68, and 0.23 mg/L, respectively. The average values of chemical species in the groundwater system, viz., H+, OH-, Ni2+, Mn2+, Mn3+, Cr3+, Cr6+, Cu+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Pb4+, Co2+, Co3+, Fe2+, Fe3+, and Zn2+, were 1.0 × 10-4 ± 1.0 × 10-6, 1.0 × 10-4 ± 9.0 × 10-7, 2.0 × 10-1 ± 1.0 × 10-3, 3.0 × 10-1 ± 1.0 × 10-3, 1.0 × 10-22 ± 1.0 × 10-23, 4.0 × 10-6 ± 2.0 × 10-6, 4.0 × 10-11 ± 2.0 × 10-11, 9.0 × 10-3 ± 1.0 × 10-2, 2.0 × 10-1 ± 2.0 × 10-3, 7.0 × 10-2 ± 6.0 × 10-2, 5.0 × 10-2 ± 5.0 × 10-2, 2.0 × 10-2 ± 1.5 × 10-2, 6.0 × 10-2 ± 4.0 × 10-2, 8.0 × 10-31 ± 6.0 × 10-31, 3.0 × 10-1 ± 2.0 × 10-4, 4.0 × 10-10 ± 3.0 × 10-10, and 2.0 × 10-1 ± 1.0 × 10-1. The mineral compositions of PHEs, viz. Ni, were bunsenite, Ni(OH)2, and trevorite; Mn viz., birnessite, bixbyite, hausmannite, manganite, manganosite, pyrolusite, and todorokite; Cr viz., chromite and eskolaite; Cu viz., CuCr2O4, cuprite, delafossite, ferrite-Cu, and tenorite; Cd viz., monteponite; Pb viz, crocoite, litharge, massicot, minium, plattnerite, Co viz., spinel-Co; Fe viz., goethite, hematite, magnetite, wustite, and ferrite-Zn; and Zn viz., zincite, and ZnCr2O4 demarcated undersaturation and supersaturation. However, EC, Ca2+, K+, Na+, HCO3-, Cr, Cd, Pb, Co, and Fe had exceeded the WHO guideline. The Nemerow's pollution index (NPI) showed that EC, Ca2+, K+, Na+, HCO3-, Mn, Cd, Pb, Co, and Fe had worse water quality. Principal component analysis multilinear regression (PCAMLR) and cluster analysis (CA) revealed that 75% of the groundwater contamination originated from geogenic inputs and 18% mixed geogenic-anthropogenic and 7% anthropogenic sources. The HHRA-model suggested potential non-carcinogenic risks, except for Fe, and substantial carcinogenic risks for evaluated PHEs. The women and infants are extremely exposed to PHEs hazards. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks in children, males, and females had exceeded their desired level. The HHRA values of PHEs exhibited the following increasing pattern: Co > Cu > Mn > Zn > Fe, and Cd > Pb > Ni > Cr. The higher THI values of PHEs in children and adults suggested that the groundwater consumption in the entire region is unfit for drinking, domestic, and agricultural purposes. Thus, all groundwater sources need immediate remedial measures to secure health safety and public health concerns.

Project description:Mining and smelting activities are the primary sources of toxic metal pollution in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pollution risk and identify sources of metals in the arable soil of a Zn/Pb mining and smelting district located in Huize, in Southwest China. Topsoil (346) and profile (three) samples were collected and analyzed to determine the total concentrations of eight toxic elements (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni). The results showed that the mean Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni concentrations were 9.07, 0.37, 25.0, 512, 88.7, 239, 1761 and 90.3 mg/kg, respectively, all of which exceeded both the Huize and Yunnan soil background levels. Overall the topsoil was quite acidic, with a mean pH of 5.51. The mean geoaccumulation index (Igeo) revealed that the pollution level was in the order of Pb > Zn > Cd > Hg > As > Ni > Cu > Cr. The ecological risk index (Ei) indicated that there were serious contamination risks for Cd and Hg, high risk for Pb, moderate risk for As, and Cd and Hg were the dominant contributors to the high combined ecological risk index (Er) with a mean parameter of 699 meaning a serious ecological risk. The Nemerow pollution index (Pn) showed that 99.1% of soil samples were highly polluted or worse. Horizontally, high concentrations of Cd, Hg, As, Pb and Zn appeared in the north and middle of the study area, while Cr, Cu and Ni showed an opposite trend. Vertically, as the depth increased, Cd, Hg, As, Pb and Zn contents declined, but Cr, Cu and Ni exhibited an increasing trend. The mobilities of the metals were in the order of Zn > Cd > Hg > As > Pb. Horizontal and vertical distribution, coupled with correlation analysis, PCA and CA suggested that Cd, Hg, As, Pb and Zn mainly came from the anthropogenic sources, whereas Cr and Ni had a lithogenic origin. The source of Cu was a combination of the presence of parent materials as well as human activities. This study provides a base for the local government to control the toxic metal pollution and restore the soil environment system and an effective method to identify the sources of the studied pollutants.

Project description:The Wanshan district of Guizhou Province has a long history of mercury mining and smelting. Previous studies have been carried out on heavy metal (HM) pollution in the soil around Wanshan (such as in urban and farmland areas), but these studies have not been conducted at mercury smelting sites. In this study, the distribution characteristics of As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Sb, Pb and Zn and their sources in the shallow stratum (<10 m) of the mercury smelting site in the Wanshan district were analyzed. Human health risks were evaluated using deterministic risk assessment (DRA) and probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) models. The contribution rates of different HM sources to human health risks were also calculated. The maximum HM concentration in mercury smelting site soil occured in the shallow soil (0-1 m), and the concentration sequences were as follows: 358.51 mg kg-1 (Hg) > 248.6 mg kg-1 (Zn) > 67.42 mg kg-1 (As) > 59.04 mg kg-1 (Ni) > 57.56 mg kg-1 (Pb) > 49.59 mg kg-1 (Cr) > 46.65 mg kg-1 (Sb) > 15.65 mg kg-1 (Cu) > 2.02 mg kg-1 (Be) > 0.78 mg kg-1 (Cd). The variable coefficients (CVs) were 1.64 (As), 0.67 (Be), 3.15 (Cd), 1.89 (Cr), 0.95 (Cu), 3.08 (Hg), 0.79 (Ni), 1.41 (Sb), 0.68 (Pb) and 1.13 (Zn), respectively. The HM concentrations in deep soils (9 m) still exceed the local background values, suggesting that heavy metals in shallow soil have migrated downward in the site. Three pollution sources identified with the shallow soil (0-1 m) HMs using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, were mercury smelting and coal combustion mixed sources (As, Hg and Zn), parent material sources (Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd and Sb) and wastewater discharge sources (Cu and Pb), respectively. DRA indicated that oral ingestion was the main pathway affecting the carcinogenic risk (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ) of heavy metals. The total-CR of twenty-five sampling points is between 1.219 × 10-6 and 3.446 × 10-4, and the total-HQ is between 0.37 and 43.56. PRA results indicated that DRA will underestimate the health risk of all populations in Guizhou Province, especially female, and BWa is the most influential variable for the PRA results. Smelting and coal combustion mixed sources contributed the most CR (99.29%) and with an HQ of 89.38% were the major sources of pollution affecting human health.

Dataset Information

Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Elements in Farmland Topsoil with Source Identification in Jilin Province, China.

Publications

Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Elements in Farmland Topsoil with Source Identification in Jilin Province, China.

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