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Defining the risk factors for acute, subacute and chronic cough: a cross-sectional study in a Finnish adult employee population.

ABSTRACT: Chronic cough is linked to various long-standing risk factors like asthma, chronic rhinitis and oesophageal reflux disease. On the contrary, acute and subacute cough are usually considered to be caused by acute respiratory infections. Little is known about the possible long-standing risk factors for acute and subacute cough. In this study, we have identified the long-standing risk factors for acute, subacute and chronic cough in order to identify the risk factors specifically associated with chronic cough.A comprehensive 80-item questionnaire was sent via email to the participants.A community-based study to all public service employees of two towns in central Finland.There were 13 980 employees, of them 3697 responded (26.4%). Among the responders, there were 199 subjects with current daily acute cough (duration <3 weeks, prevalence 5.4%), 126 subjects with current daily subacute cough (duration 3-8 weeks, prevalence 3.4%) and 267 subjects with current daily chronic cough (duration >8 weeks, prevalence 7.2%).The risk factors that associated with each cough subtype. The subjects without any cough formed the reference group.Several risk factors were associated with both short and long cough subtypes namely family history of chronic cough, moisture damage exposure and number of reported somatic symptoms. Furthermore, allergy was associated with acute and subacute cough. Current asthma and chronic rhinitis were associated with subacute and chronic cough. Oesophageal reflux disease and advanced age were associated with chronic cough.The specific risk factors for chronic cough were oesophageal reflux disease and advanced age. Acute and subacute cough should not be regarded merely as symptoms of acute respiratory infections but possible manifestations of long-standing risk factors. A new risk factor for all cough types was family history of chronic cough.

SUBMITTER: Latti AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6082462 | biostudies-other | 2018 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Defining the risk factors for acute, subacute and chronic cough: a cross-sectional study in a Finnish adult employee population.

Lätti Anne M AM Pekkanen Juha J Koskela Heikki O HO

BMJ open 20180716 7

<h4>Objectives</h4>Chronic cough is linked to various long-standing risk factors like asthma, chronic rhinitis and oesophageal reflux disease. On the contrary, acute and subacute cough are usually considered to be caused by acute respiratory infections. Little is known about the possible long-standing risk factors for acute and subacute cough. In this study, we have identified the long-standing risk factors for acute, subacute and chronic cough in order to identify the risk factors specifically ...[more]

PMID: 30012794

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Project description:PurposeRecent evidence suggests a global burden of chronic cough in general populations. However, the definitions vary greatly among epidemiological studies, and none have been validated for clinical relevance. We aimed to examine previous epidemiological definitions in detail and explore the operational characteristics.MethodsA systematic review was conducted for epidemiological surveys that reported the prevalence of chronic cough in general adult populations during the years 1980 to 2013. A literature search was performed on Pubmed and Embase without language restriction. Epidemiological definitions for chronic cough were classified according to their components, such as cutoff duration. Meta-analyses were performed for the male-to-female ratio of chronic cough prevalence to explore operational characteristics of epidemiological definitions.ResultsA total of 70 studies were included in the systematic review. The most common epidemiological definition was identified as 'cough ≥3 months' duration without specification of phlegm (n=50); however, it conflicted with the cutoff duration in current clinical guidelines (cough ≥8 weeks). Meta-analyses were performed for the male-to-female ratio of chronic cough among 28 studies that reported sex-specific prevalence using the most common definition. The pooled male-to-female odds ratio was 1.26 (95% confidence interval 0.92-1.73) with significant heterogeneity (I²=96%, P<0.001), which was in contrast to clinical observations of female predominance from specialist clinics. Subgroup analyses did not reverse the ratio or reduce the heterogeneity.ConclusionsThis study identified major issues in defining chronic cough in future epidemiological studies. The conflict between epidemiological and clinical diagnostic criteria needs to be resolved. The unexpected difference in the gender predominance between the community and clinics warrants further studies. Clinical validation of the existing definition is required.

Project description:Introduction: Human body models (HBMs) play a key role in improving modern vehicle safety systems to protect broad populations. However, their geometry is commonly derived from single individuals chosen to meet global anthropometric targets, thus their internal anatomy may not fully represent the HBM’s target demographic. Past studies show sixth rib cross-sectional geometry differences between HBM ribs and population-derived ribs, and corrections to HBM ribs based on these data have improved HBM’s abilities to predict rib fracture locations. Methods: We measure and report average and standard deviations (SDs) in rib cross-sectional geometric properties derived from live subject CT scans of 240 adults aged 18–90. Male and female results are given as functions of rib number and rib lengthwise position for ribs 2 through 11. Population means/SDs are reported for measures of rib total area, rib cortical bone area, and rib endosteal area, as well as inertial moment properties of these rib sections. These population corridors are compared between males and females, and against the baseline rib geometries defined in six current HBMs. Results: Total cross-sectional area results found average males ribs to be larger than those of females by between approximately 1–2 SDs depending on rib number and position, and larger in cortical bone cross-sectional area by between 0–1 SDs. Inertial moment ratios showed female ribs being between approximately 0–1 SDs more elongated than male ribs, dependent again on rib number and position. Rib cross-sectional areas from 5 of the 6 HBMs were found to be overly large along substantial portions of most ribs when compared to average population corridors. Similarly, rib aspect ratios in HBMs deviated from average population data by up to 3 SDs in regions towards sternal rib ends. Discussion: Overall, while most HBMs capture overall trends such as reductions in cross-section along shaft lengths, many also exhibit local variation that deviates from population trends. This study’s results provide the first reference values for assessing the cross-sectional geometry of human ribs across a wide range of rib levels. Results also further provide clear guidelines to improve rib geometry definitions present in current HBMs in order to better represent their target demographic.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to report prevalence and evaluate the association between multimorbidity and associated risk factors in the adult population of Bangladesh. DESIGN:A cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage clustered random sampling strategy. SETTING:The study was conducted among the general population of 58 districts in Bangladesh. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 12?338 male and female individuals aged ?35 were included for analysis in this study. Identified through a household listing conducted prior to the study, from 15?297 individuals meeting the inclusion criteria, 12?338 participants were included based on availability during data collection, consent and health condition. OUTCOME MEASURES:Multimorbidity in terms of hypertension, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. RESULTS:Approximately 8.4% (95%?CI 7.0 to 9.7) of individuals suffer from multimorbidity, of which hypertension accounted for (30.1%) followed by diabetes (10.6%). The mean age of the population was 58.6 (SD ±9.2) years. The prevalence of multimorbidity was lower among men (7.7%) compared with women (8.9%). The likelihood of having multimorbidity among obese individuals were more than double than people with normal body mass index (BMI). Physical activity protected individuals from developing multimorbidity: however, the physical activity adjusted OR was 0.5 (95% CI 0.2 to 1.2). After adjusting for all covariates, higher age, higher educational status, economic status, and higher BMI were found to be significantly associated with the odds of developing multimorbidity, with an overall adjusted OR of 0.02 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.02). CONCLUSION:This study reported a high prevalence of multimorbidity in Bangladesh, although it explored the burden and identified risk factors considering only six chronic diseases. Further detailed exploration through longitudinal studies considering a wider range of diseases is needed to document the actual burden, develop effective preventive measures and clinical guidelines to improve the quality of life of the population.

Dataset Information

Defining the risk factors for acute, subacute and chronic cough: a cross-sectional study in a Finnish adult employee population.

Publications

Defining the risk factors for acute, subacute and chronic cough: a cross-sectional study in a Finnish adult employee population.

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