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Dietary patterns are associated with blood lipids at 18-year-olds: a cross-sectional analysis nested in the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort.

ABSTRACT: Evidence regarding the deleterious effects of diet on blood lipids in adolescence has been inconsistent, and few studies have investigated this association using a dietary pattern approach. We examined whether dietary pattern of adolescents are associated with blood lipid concentrations.Cross-sectional analysis of 3524 18-year-old participants in the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered. Dietary patterns were established using principal component analysis and analysed as tertiles of factor scores. Independent associations between each dietary pattern tertile and blood lipid values (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) were tested using adjusted linear regression models stratified by sex. Triglycerides were log-transformed due to their skewed distribution, and the beta coefficients should be interpreted as the % change (increase or decrease).Four dietary patterns were derived: Meat Products and Fast Foods; Fruits and Vegetables; Candies, Sodas and Dairy Products; and Common Brazilian Foods. In the adjusted models, which compared the highest and lowest tertiles of dietary pattern scores, we observed that among girls: 1) the third tertile of the Meat Products and Fast Foods pattern was associated with 1.5 mg/dL (95% CI -3.05; ?-0.04) lower HDL-cholesterol; 2) the second and third tertile of the Candies, Sodas and Dairy Products pattern was associated with 5% and 10% higher triglycerides (? 1.05, 95% CI 1.01; 1.09, ? 1.10, 95% CI 1.05; 1.16), respectively; 3) the second and third tertiles of the Common Brazilian Foods pattern were associated with 4 mg/dL (? -?4.30, 95% CI -7.75; ?-0.85, ? -?4.95, 95% CI -8.53; ?-1.36, respectively) lower total cholesterol and 6% lower triglycerides (? 0.94, 95% CI 0.90; 0.99, ? 0.93, 95% CI 0.89; 0.98, respectively). For boys, 4) the third tertile of the Common Brazilian Foods was associated with 4.6 mg/dL (95% CI -7.91; ?-1.37) lower total cholesterol and 3.8 mg/dL (95% CI -6.51; -?1.13) lower LDL-cholesterol.Dietary patterns were more closely associated with blood lipids among girls than boys at age 18. Higher scores for the Common Brazilian Foods pattern were associated with lower total cholesterol in both sexes.

SUBMITTER: Vaz JDS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6106900 | biostudies-other | 2018 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:BackgroundWe aimed to investigate the association between preterm birth and body composition at 6, 18, and 30 years of age using data from three population-based birth cohort studies.MethodsGestational age (GA), defined by the date of the last menstrual period (categorized in ≤33, 34-36, and ≥ 37 weeks), was gathered in the first 24-h after delivery for all live births occurring in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, in 2004, 1993 and 1982. Body composition was assessed by air-displacement plethysmography. Outcomes included fat mass (FM, kg), percent FM (%FM), FM index (FMI, kg/m2), fat-free mass (FFM, kg); percent FFM (%FFM), FFM index (FFMI, kg/m2), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2 at 18 years in the 1993 cohort and 30 years in the 1982 cohort), and BMI Z-score (at 6 years in the 2004 cohort). We further explored the association of birth weight for GA with body composition indicators and BMI. Crude and adjusted linear regressions provided beta coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).ResultsA total of 3036, 3027, and 3369 participants, respectively, from the 2004, 1993, and 1982 cohorts were analyzed. At 6 years, preterm boys (born at 34-36 weeks) presented lower adjusted mean of FM (β = - 0.80 kg, - 1.45;-0.16, p = 0.046), %FM (β = - 2.39%, - 3.90;-0.88, p = 0.008), FMI (β = - 0.70 kg/m2, - 1.13;-0.27, p = 0.004) as well as lower FFM (β = - 0.4 kg, - 0.77; - 0.12, p = 0.010) and FFMI (β = - 0.3 kg/m2, - 0.46;-0.10, p < 0.001), and BMI Z-score (β = - 0.69,; - 0.99;-0.40, p < 0.001); but higher %FFM (β = 2.4%, 0.87;-3.90, p = 0.008), when compared to boys born at term (≥37). At 30 years, FM (15.7 kg, 0.25;31.1, p = 0.102) was higher among males born at ≤33 weeks. No association was observed for females from the three cohorts and for 18-year-old males. The association of birth weight for GA with body composition and BMI was not significant in any cohort. At 6 years, SGA boys had lower FFMI than boys AGA.ConclusionsOur results suggest that preterm birth is associated with decreased body fat and fat-free mass in childhood but higher fat mass in adulthood. Nevertheless, results were only significant for males. SGA boys also showed lower FFMI.

Project description:PurposeBrazilian society is characterized by deep socioeconomic inequalities. Using data from a population-based birth cohort, we explored how the intersectionality of family income and gender may affect adolescent health and behavioral outcomes.MethodsChildren born in 1993 in the Brazilian city of Pelotas have been followed up prospectively at the age of 15 years when the follow-up rate was 85.7% of the original cohort. Participants answered standardized questionnaires, and anthropometric measures were obtained. Outcomes in five domains were studied: overweight (body mass index above +1 SD of the World Health Organization standard for age and sex), cigarette smoking (in the previous month), violence (fight in which someone was injured, in the past year), self-reported unhappiness (based on a face scale), and psychological symptoms (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). Monthly family income was recoded in quintiles.ResultsResults were available for more than 4,101-4,334 adolescents, depending on the outcome. Overweight was more common among boys than girls (29.7% and 25.6%; p = .004) and was directly related to family income among boys (p < .001), but not among girls (p = .681). Smoking was less common among boys than girls (12.3% and 21.0%, p < .001) and showed strong inverse association with income among girls (p < .001), but not among boys (p = .099). Reported violence was twice as common among boys than girls (16.4% vs. 8.0%; p < .001); an inverse association with income was present among girls (p < .001), but not for boys (p = .925). Boys and girls were similarly likely to report being unhappy (18.4% and 20.1%; p = .176), with an inverse association with family income in girls. Psychological symptoms were slightly less common among boys than girls (25.3% and 28.3%; p = .014), with strong inverse associations with income in both sexes (p < .001). Adolescent girls from poor families were the group with the highest prevalence for three of the five outcomes: smoking, unhappiness, and psychological problems.ConclusionsGender norms influence adolescent health and behavioral outcomes, but the direction and strength of the associations are modified by socioeconomic position. Preventive strategies must take into account the intersectionality of gender and wealth.

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Dietary patterns are associated with blood lipids at 18-year-olds: a cross-sectional analysis nested in the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort.

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