Dataset Information

Data for estimating the U.S. labor wedge.

ABSTRACT: The after-tax labor wedge is defined as the log difference between the MRS and the MPL excluding taxes. This article introduces the data and approach that are used to estimate the U.S. after-tax labor wedge to provide empirical support for the research article entitled "Credit Crunch, Heterogeneity and the Labor Wedge" (Zhang, 2018 (Forthcoming)) [4]. I measure the U.S. after-tax labor wedge and then decompose it into the sum of the gap between the MPL and the real wage (the MPL component) and the gap between the real wage and the MRS (the MRS component). The after-tax labor wedge and its decomposition are measured using quarterly data from 1947Q1 to 2017Q3.

SUBMITTER: Zhang L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6126211 | biostudies-other | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Data for estimating the U.S. labor wedge.

Zhang Lini L

Data in brief 20180524

The after-tax labor wedge is defined as the log difference between the MRS and the MPL excluding taxes. This article introduces the data and approach that are used to estimate the U.S. after-tax labor wedge to provide empirical support for the research article entitled "Credit Crunch, Heterogeneity and the Labor Wedge" (Zhang, 2018 (Forthcoming)) [4]. I measure the U.S. after-tax labor wedge and then decompose it into the sum of the gap between the MPL and the real wage (the MPL component) and t ...[more]

PMID: 30191169

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Project description:Among nonoccupationally exposed U.S. residents, drinking water and diet are considered primary exposure pathways for inorganic arsenic (iAs). In drinking water, iAs is the primary form of arsenic (As), while dietary As speciation techniques are used to differentiate iAs from less toxic arsenicals in food matrices.Our goal was to estimate the distribution of iAs exposure rates from drinking water intakes and rice consumption in the U.S. population and ethnic- and age-based subpopulations.The distribution of iAs in drinking water was estimated by population, weighting the iAs concentrations for each drinking water utility in the Second Six-Year Review data set. To estimate the distribution of iAs concentrations in rice ingested by U.S. consumers, 54 grain-specific, production-weighted composites of rice obtained from U.S. mills were extracted and speciated using both a quantitative dilute nitric acid extraction and speciation (DNAS) and an in vitro gastrointestinal assay to provide an upper bound and bioaccessible estimates, respectively. Daily drinking water intake and rice consumption rate distributions were developed using data from the What We Eat in America (WWEIA) study.Using these data sets, the Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation (SHEDS) model estimated mean iAs exposures from drinking water and rice were 4.2 ?g/day and 1.4 ?g/day, respectively, for the entire U.S. population. The Tribal, Asian, and Pacific population exhibited the highest mean daily exposure of iAs from cooked rice (2.8 ?g/day); the mean exposure rate for children between ages 1 and 2 years in this population is 0.104 ?g/kg body weight (BW)/day.An average consumer drinking 1.5 L of water daily that contains between 2 and 3?ng?iAs/mL is exposed to approximately the same amount of iAs as a mean Tribal, Asian, and Pacific consumer is exposed to from rice. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP418.Among nonoccupationally exposed U.S. residents, drinking water and diet are considered primary exposure pathways for inorganic arsenic (iAs). In drinking water, iAs is the primary form of arsenic (As), while dietary As speciation techniques are used to differentiate iAs from less toxic arsenicals in food matrices.Our goal was to estimate the distribution of iAs exposure rates from drinking water intakes and rice consumption in the U.S. population and ethnic- and age-based subpopulations.The distribution of iAs in drinking water was estimated by population, weighting the iAs concentrations for each drinking water utility in the Second Six-Year Review data set. To estimate the distribution of iAs concentrations in rice ingested by U.S. consumers, 54 grain-specific, production-weighted composites of rice obtained from U.S. mills were extracted and speciated using both a quantitative dilute nitric acid extraction and speciation (DNAS) and an in vitro gastrointestinal assay to provide an upper bound and bioaccessible estimates, respectively. Daily drinking water intake and rice consumption rate distributions were developed using data from the What We Eat in America (WWEIA) study.Using these data sets, the Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation (SHEDS) model estimated mean iAs exposures from drinking water and rice were [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, for the entire U.S. population. The Tribal, Asian, and Pacific population exhibited the highest mean daily exposure of iAs from cooked rice ([Formula: see text]); the mean exposure rate for children between ages 1 and 2 years in this population is [Formula: see text] body weight (BW)/day.An average consumer drinking 1.5 L of water daily that contains between 2 and [Formula: see text] is exposed to approximately the same amount of iAs as a mean Tribal, Asian, and Pacific consumer is exposed to from rice. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP418.

Dataset Information

Data for estimating the U.S. labor wedge.

Publications

Data for estimating the U.S. labor wedge.

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