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Association Between the Methicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Slaughter Poultry, Their Toxin Gene Profiles and Prophage Patterns.

ABSTRACT: In this work, 85 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from samples taken from slaughter poultry in Poland. Attempts were made to determine the prophage profile of the strains and to investigate the presence in their genome of genes responsible for the production of five classical enterotoxins (A-E), toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1), exfoliative toxins (ETA and ETB) and staphylokinase (SAK). For this purpose, multiplex PCR was performed using primer-specific pairs for targeted genes. The presence of the mecA gene was found in 26 strains (30.6%). The genomes of one of the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains and two methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains contained the gene responsible for the production of enterotoxin A. Only one MRSA strain and two MSSA strains showed the presence of the toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst) gene. Only one of the MSSA strains had the gene (eta) responsible for the production of exfoliative toxins A. The presence of the staphylokinase gene (sak) was confirmed in 13 MRSA strains and in 5 MSSA strains. The study results indicated a high prevalence of prophages among the test isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. In all, 15 prophage patterns were observed among the isolates. The presence of 77-like prophages incorporated into bacterial genome was especially often demonstrated. Various authors emphasize the special role of these prophages in the spread of virulence factors (staphylokinase, enterotoxin A) not only within strains of the same species but also between species and even types of bacteria.

SUBMITTER: Marek A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6132865 | biostudies-other | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Association Between the Methicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Slaughter Poultry, Their Toxin Gene Profiles and Prophage Patterns.

Marek Agnieszka A Pyzik Ewelina E Stępień-Pyśniak Dagmara D Urban-Chmiel Renata R Jarosz Łukasz S ŁS

Current microbiology 20180529 10

In this work, 85 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from samples taken from slaughter poultry in Poland. Attempts were made to determine the prophage profile of the strains and to investigate the presence in their genome of genes responsible for the production of five classical enterotoxins (A-E), toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1), exfoliative toxins (ETA and ETB) and staphylokinase (SAK). For this purpose, multiplex PCR was performed using primer-specific pairs for targeted genes. ...[more]

PMID: 29845336

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Project description:Phage regulatory switches (phage-RSs) are a newly described form of active lysogeny where prophages function as regulatory mechanisms for expression of chromosomal bacterial genes. In Staphylococcus aureus, ?Sa3int is a widely distributed family of prophages that integrate into the ?-toxin structural gene hlb, effectively inactivating it. However, ?-toxin-producing strains often arise during infections and are more virulent in experimental infective endocarditis and pneumonia infections. We present evidence that in S. aureus MW2, ?Sa3mw excision is temporally and differentially responsive to growth conditions relevant to S. aureus pathogenesis. PCR analyses of ?Sa3mw (integrated and excised) and of intact hlb showed that ?Sa3mw preferentially excises in response to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and during biofilm growth. ?Sa3mw remains as a prophage when in contact with human aortic endothelial cells in culture. A criterion for a prophage to be considered a phage-RS is the inability to lyse host cells. MW2 grown under phage-inducing conditions did not release infectious phage particles by plaque assay or transmission electron microscopy, indicating that ?Sa3mw does not carry out a productive lytic cycle. These studies highlight a dynamic, and perhaps more sophisticated, S. aureus-prophage interaction where ?Sa3int prophages provide a novel regulatory mechanism for the conditional expression of virulence factors.IMPORTANCE ?-Toxin is a sphingomyelinase hemolysin that significantly contributes to Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis. In most S. aureus isolates the prophage ?Sa3int inserts into the ?-toxin gene hlb, inactivating it, but human and experimental infections give rise to ?-toxin-producing variants. However, it remained to be established whether ?Sa3mw excises in response to specific environmental cues, restoring the ?-toxin gene sequence. This is not only of fundamental interest but also critical when designing intervention strategies and therapeutics. We provide evidence that ?Sa3mw actively excises, allowing the conditional expression of ?-toxin. ?Sa3int prophages may play a novel and largely uncharacterized role in S. aureus pathogenesis as molecular regulatory switches that promote bacterial fitness and adaptation to the challenges presented by the mammalian host.

Dataset Information

Association Between the Methicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Slaughter Poultry, Their Toxin Gene Profiles and Prophage Patterns.

Publications

Association Between the Methicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Slaughter Poultry, Their Toxin Gene Profiles and Prophage Patterns.

Similar Datasets

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