Evaluation of a Tool to Measure Pharmacists' Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Barnard M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6163905 | biostudies-other | 2018 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Evaluation of a Tool to Measure Pharmacists' Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence.
Barnard Marie M West-Strum Donna D Yang Yi Y Holmes Erin E
Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) 20180712 3
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem that demands a comprehensive health care response. Provider education and training is needed for the entire health care team, including pharmacists, to competently care for IPV-impacted patients. Standardized assessments are needed to determine need for training and to evaluate the effectiveness of IPV training initiatives. The Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS) has previously been validated for physi ...[more]
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Project description:Introduction Pregnancy and perinatal periods are significant risk factors of intimate partner violence (IPV), a major public health problem that could begin or intensify during these periods. Perinatal care providers have a major role in the identification and the management of IPV. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt into French the Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS) tool, a reliable instrument to assess the knowledge, attitudes and preparedness to address IPV, and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods The PREMIS was cross-culturally adapted by conducting forward and backward translations, following international guidelines. An online cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the PREMIS-French in perinatal care providers: data completeness, factor analysis, score distribution, floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency, item-total correlations, inter-subscale correlations and test-retest reliability. Results The PREMIS was successfully translated and cross-culturally adapted to the context of metropolitan France. The results obtained from 360 perinatal care providers showed good acceptability. Exploratory factor analysis of the “Opinions” items resulted in a six-factor solution with six of the eight subscales of the original structure identified. Good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.54 to 0.97) and good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.46 to 0.92) for the “Background” and “Opinions” subscales were found. Discussion This study provides evidence of the good psychometric properties of the PREMIS-French. This valid instrument will help to understand perinatal care providers’ barriers to IPV screening and management and will help to focus on specific lacks of knowledge for developing IPV education programs.
| S-EPMC8568123 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent among female patients at fracture clinics; however, previous research suggests health care providers (HCPs) are unprepared to identify victims and provide appropriate support. To address this gap in care, we developed an IPV educational program and conducted a study to measure the impact of this program on HCPs' IPV-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and self-reported behaviours. METHODS:We enrolled 140 participants (orthopedic surgeons, surgical trainees, nonphysician HCPs and research and administrative staff) from 7 fracture clinics in North America who completed the 2-hour educational program. We used a pretest-posttest study design to assess knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and self-reported behaviours. We administered the Physician Readiness to Manage IPV Survey before, immediately after and 3 months after training and generated scores for each of the 10 subscales. Our primary outcome was change in score for the actual knowledge subscale from before training to 3 months after training. We used linear regression to conduct all analyses. RESULTS:We found significant improvement on the actual knowledge subscale 3 months after the training (mean difference [MD] 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79 to 3.09). We found statistically significant improvements on 7 additional subscales 3 months after training (perceived preparation [MD 1.96, 95% CI 1.79 to 2.13], perceived knowledge [MD 2.05, 95% CI 1.88 to 2.23], practice issues [MD 6.10, 95% CI 4.98 to 7.23], preparation [MD 1.06, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.22], legal requirements [MD 1.50, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.70], workplace issues [MD 1.11, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.26] and self-efficacy [MD 0.54, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.63]) and on all 10 subscales immediately after training (actual knowledge [MD 3.35, 95% CI 2.77 to 3.94], perceived preparation [MD 2.06, 95% CI 1.88 to 2.23], perceived knowledge [MD 2.14, 95% CI 1.98 to 2.30], practice issues [MD 4.08, 95% CI 3.35 to 4.82], preparation [MD 1.04, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.20], legal requirements [MD 1.66, 95% CI 1.47 to 1.85], workplace issues [MD 1.08, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.20], self-efficacy [MD 0.56, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.63], alcohol/drugs [MD 0.20, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.30] and victim understanding [MD 0.15, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.25]). INTERPRETATION:Our educational program led to significant improvements in participants' readiness to manage IPV. This finding suggests HCPs are better prepared to help patients who experience IPV; however, future research should aim to investigate the impact of this program directly on patients.
| S-EPMC6298867 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundThe aim of the EDUCATE study was to determine whether an intimate partner violence educational program for health care providers working in fracture clinics increased their knowledge about intimate partner violence and their preparedness to discuss this topic with their patients. Here, we present the long-term (12-mo) follow-up data from the EDUCATE study to determine whether improvements in knowledge were maintained.MethodsFor this pretest-posttest study, we enrolled 140 health care providers from 7 academic fracture clinics in Canada and the United States. Training took place between October 2016 and June 2017. We administered the Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey before participants completed the educational program (baseline), immediately after training, and at 3 months and 12 months after training. We used the actual knowledge subscale as the primary outcome for the planned 12-month analyses; we also report on the other subscales of the survey (perceived preparation to manage intimate partner violence, perceived knowledge about the issues, practice issues, preparation, legal requirements, workplace issues, self-efficacy, alcohol or drugs, and victim understanding). We used linear regression models to compare mean 12-month scores with mean baseline scores for each subscale of the survey.ResultsAmong the 109 participating health care providers for whom 12-month assessment data were available, we found statistically significant improvements in the actual knowledge about intimate partner violence subscale of the survey (mean difference [MD] 2.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.69 to 3.32). Statistically significant improvements from baseline to 12 months were also observed for 8 of the 9 other subscales of the survey: perceived preparation (MD 2.06, 95% CI 1.88 to 2.24), perceived knowledge (MD 2.14, 95% CI 1.96 to 2.31), practice issues (MD 6.12, 95% CI 4.97 to 7.27), preparation (MD 1.10, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.26), legal requirements (MD 1.57, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.78), workplace issues (MD 1.19, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.35), self-efficacy (MD 0.56, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.67) and alcohol and drugs (MD 0.11, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.21). Improvements relative to baseline were not observed for the victim understanding subscale.InterpretationThe EDUCATE program led to significant improvements in health care providers' readiness to manage intimate partner violence, with positive changes being observed 12 months after training. These findings indicate that health care providers who receive this training may be better equipped to manage the care of patients who have experienced intimate partner violence.
| S-EPMC7676989 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionIntimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a worldwide public health problem and major human and legal rights abuses of women. It affects the physical, sexual, and psychological aspects of the victims therefore, it requires complex and multifaceted interventions. Health providers are responsible for providing essential healthcare services for IPV victims. However, there is a lack of detailed information on whether or not health providers are ready to identify and manage IPV. Therefore, this study aimed to assess health providers' readiness and associated factors in managing IPV in public health institutions at Hawassa, Ethiopia.MethodInstitutional based cross-sectional study was conducted through a simple random sample of 424 health providers. Data was collected with an anonymous questioners using physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS) tool. Linear regression analysis was used to examine relationships among variables. The strength of association was assessed by using unstandardized β with 95% CI.ResultsThe mean score of perceived provider's readiness in managing IPV was 26.18± 6.69. Higher providers age and providers perceived knowledge had positive association with provider perceived readiness in managing IPV. Whereas not had IPV training, absence of a protocol for dealing with IPV management, and provider attitude had a negative association with provider perceived readiness in managing IPV.Conclusion and recommendationThis study reviled that health providers had limited perceived readiness to manage IPV. Provision of training for providers and develop protocol for IPV managements have an important role to improve providers readiness in the managements of IPV.
| S-EPMC10745191 | biostudies-literature
Project description:At least half a million women are victims of intimate partner violence in the United States annually, resulting in substantial harm. However, the etiology of violence to intimate partners is not well understood. Witnessing such violence in childhood has been proposed as a principal cause of adulthood perpetration, yet it remains unknown whether the association between witnessing intimate partner violence and adulthood perpetration is causal.We conducted a propensity-score analysis of intimate partner violence perpetration to determine whether childhood witnessing is associated with perpetration in adulthood, independent of a wide range of potential confounding variables, and therefore might be a causal factor. We used data from 14,564 U.S. men ages 20 and older from the 2004-2005 wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.Nearly 4% of men reported violent behavior toward an intimate partner in the past year. In unadjusted models, we found a strong association between childhood witnessing of intimate partner violence and adulthood perpetration (for witnessing any intimate partner violence, risk ratio [RR] = 2.6 [95% confidence interval = 2.1-3.2]; for witnessing frequent or serious violence, 3.0 [2.3-3.9]). In propensity-score models, the association was substantially attenuated (for witnessing any intimate partner violence, adjusted RR = 1.6 [1.2-2.0]; for witnessing frequent or serious violence, 1.6 [1.2-2.3]).Men who witness intimate partner violence in childhood are more likely to commit such acts in adulthood, compared with men who are otherwise similar with respect to a large range of potential confounders. Etiological models of intimate partner violence perpetration should consider a constellation of childhood factors.
| S-EPMC3108188 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The prevention of intimate partner violence is a desirable individual and public health goal for society. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of adolescent risk factors for partner violence in order to inform the development of evidence-based prevention strategies. We utilize data from the Rochester Youth Development Study, a two decade long prospective study of a representative community sample of 1000 participants that has extensive measures of adolescent characteristics, contexts, and behaviors that are potential precursors of partner violence. Using a developmental psychopathology framework, we assess self-reported partner violence perpetration in emerging adulthood (ages 20-22) and in adulthood (ages 29-30) utilizing the Conflict Tactics Scale. Our results indicate that risk factors for intimate partner violence span several developmental domains and are substantially similar for both genders. Internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors as well as early intimate relationships are especially salient for both genders. Additionally, cumulative risk across a number of developmental domains places adolescents at particularly high risk of perpetrating partner violence. Implications for prevention include extending existing prevention programs that focus on high risk groups with multiple risks for developmental disruption, as well as focusing on preventing or mitigating identified risk factors across both genders.
| S-EPMC5957086 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Intimate partner violence is defined by the World Health Organization as "any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological, or sexual harm to those in the relationship" and it refers to a specific relationship dynamic. In recent decades, an increasing number of studies have focused on this phenomenon, considering its exponential growth over time. Many studies have focused on risk factors for violence within the couple relationship. This paper specifically analyses the association between violence and separation or divorce. Although many interventions have been developed over the years, the effectiveness of extant interventions on violent behaviors is not yet empirically supported. Since clinical experience allows to affirm that both partners can be involved in treatment for intimate partner violence especially during mandated proceedings, the present study focuses on domestic violence in separated couples involved in a child custody evaluation process. In this case, literature supports the need for individualized assessment in order to promote the best intervention according to the specific conditions of each partner, whether the battered one or the perpetrator. However, little research has been done on child custody evaluation in the presence of violent couples. The aim of the present study is to present a model of couple clinical intervention with a separated violent couple in the context of a child custody evaluation. This model can be defined as relational-intergenerational and its main aim is to understand the exchange between familial generations and to search for factors that safeguard and care for family relations. Furthermore, according also to the therapeutic assessment approach, there is an intrinsic connection between assessment and "family transformative potential." This paper presents the specific working methodology underlying this model, through the description of a single clinical case. In particular, the proposed model provides a multi-dimensional assessment comprising three levels: individual, evaluating parents' history through representations, thoughts, and feelings; interpersonal, investigating the different relations; discussion and dialogue with the parental couple about findings.
| S-EPMC6107842 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and breastfeeding is unclear. We conducted a systematic review to summarise the evidence of breastfeeding outcomes following exposure to IPV.DesignSystematic review.MethodsWe searched for published studies without study design or language restrictions (up to July 2019) in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS and The Global Health Library. Studies assessing various breastfeeding outcomes (initiation, duration and exclusive breastfeeding) in women exposed to IPV in any form (physical, psychological or sexual) and at any stage (1 year pre-pregnancy, during or post-pregnancy) were included. Two authors independently selected the studies and conducted the quality appraisal by use of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results were summarised taking precision and quality into account.ResultsA total of 16 studies (participants n=414 393) were included and they adjusted for a total of 48 different confounders. The majority of studies were cross-sectional (n=11) and most studies were judged to be fair/low quality. Four out of seven studies found that IPV exposure shortened breastfeeding duration (adjusted ORs/aORs=0.22 (95% CI: 0.05-0.85), 1.18 (95% CI: 1.01-1.37), 5.92 (95% CI: 1.72-27.98), 1.28 (95% CI: 1.18-1.39)). Further, 5/10 studies found that IPV led to early termination of exclusive breastfeeding (aORs=1.53 (95% CI: 1.01-23.1), 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71-0.96), 1.35 (95% CI: 1.07-1.71), 0.17 (95% CI: 0.07-0.4), 1839 (95% CI: 1.61-2911)) and 2/6 studies found that IPV significantly reduced breastfeeding initiation (aORs=2.00 (95% CI: 1.2-3.3), 0.81 (95% CI: 0.7-0.93)).ConclusionIPV exposure appears to associate negatively with some breastfeeding outcomes. Individual patient data meta-analysis is required to quantify the magnitude of the association for specific IPV-outcome combinations. More high-quality studies and definition of core confounders are warranted.Prospero registration numberCRD42019129353.
| S-EPMC7783610 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction:Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent problem with profound health consequences. Research suggests that internal medicine (IM) residents are unprepared to screen for and address IPV. We designed a curriculum to improve IM residents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in caring for IPV survivors. Methods:The curriculum was delivered to first-year IM residents from 2016 to 2017 at Johns Hopkins Bayview. Part 1 was 60 minutes long, with a video, evidence-based didactic teaching, and case-based discussion. Part 2 was 90 minutes long, with evidence-based didactic teaching, role-play of patient-provider conversations about IPV, and debriefing about strategies for discussing IPV. We evaluated knowledge, confidence, and self-reported behaviors pre- and postintervention using two-tailed paired t tests. Results:Thirty-two residents received IPV training. In comparing precurriculum (n = 29, 91% of total participants) and postcurriculum (n = 28, 88% of total participants) surveys, there was significant improvement in knowledge about IPV (p < .001). Postcurriculum, learners reported greater confidence in detecting IPV (p < .001), documenting IPV (p < .001), and referring to resources (p < .001). Participants reported increased comfort with managing difficult emotions about IPV in patients (p < .01) and themselves (p < .001) and increased comfort in discussing IPV with female (p < .001) and male (p < .001) patients. Postcurriculum, all respondents felt they were more skillful in discussing IPV and would be more likely to screen for IPV. Discussion:Our curriculum improved residents' knowledge, confidence, comfort, and preparedness in screening for and discussing IPV.
| S-EPMC7331963 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy increases adverse pregnancy outcomes. Knowledge of societal, community, family and individual related factors associated with IPV in pregnancy is limited in Ethiopia. Our study examined these factors in an Ethiopian context.A cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending antenatal care at governmental health institutions, using a consecutive probability sampling strategy. A total of 720 pregnant women were interviewed by five trained nurses or midwives, using a standardized and /pretested survey questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to assess factors contributing to IPV. We used Akaike's information criteria, to identify the model that best describes the factors influencing IPV in pregnancy.Among the women interviewed, physical IPV was reported by 35.6%, and lifetime emotional or physical abuse by 81.0%. Perceiving violence as a means to settle interpersonal conflicts, presence of supportive attitudes of wife beating in the society, regarding violence as an expression of masculinity, and presence of strict gender role differences in the society, were all positively associated to IPV in pregnancy. The presence of groups legitimizing men's violence in the community, feeling isolated, having no social support for victims, and presence of high unemployment, were the perceived community related factors positively associated with IPV in pregnancy.IPV in pregnancy is very prevalent in Ethiopia and is associated with multiple social ecologic factors. Reduction of IPV in pregnancy calls for cross sectorial efforts from stakeholders at different levels.
| S-EPMC5875784 | biostudies-other