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Dietary Choline Intake: Current State of Knowledge Across the Life Cycle.

ABSTRACT: Choline, an essential dietary nutrient for humans, is required for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, the methyl group donor, betaine, and phospholipids; and therefore, choline is involved in a broad range of critical physiological functions across all stages of the life cycle. The current dietary recommendations for choline have been established as Adequate Intakes (AIs) for total choline; however, dietary choline is present in multiple different forms that are both water-soluble (e.g., free choline, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine) and lipid-soluble (e.g., phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin). Interestingly, the different dietary choline forms consumed during infancy differ from those in adulthood. This can be explained by the primary food source, where the majority of choline present in human milk is in the water-soluble form, versus lipid-soluble forms for foods consumed later on. This review summarizes the current knowledge on dietary recommendations and assessment methods, and dietary choline intake from food sources across the life cycle.

SUBMITTER: Wiedeman AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6213596 | biostudies-other | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Dietary Choline Intake: Current State of Knowledge Across the Life Cycle.

Wiedeman Alejandra M AM Barr Susan I SI Green Timothy J TJ Xu Zhaoming Z Innis Sheila M SM Kitts David D DD

Nutrients 20181016 10

Choline, an essential dietary nutrient for humans, is required for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, the methyl group donor, betaine, and phospholipids; and therefore, choline is involved in a broad range of critical physiological functions across all stages of the life cycle. The current dietary recommendations for choline have been established as Adequate Intakes (AIs) for total choline; however, dietary choline is present in multiple different forms that are both water-sol ...[more]

PMID: 30332744

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Project description:Abstract Objectives Adequate intake of dietary choline, an essential nutrient, is pivotal for an optimal pregnant outcome and fetal programming, which may be affected by choline-metabolising genetic polymorphisms. This case-control study aims to investigate the interaction between choline intake during pregnancy and genetic polymorphisms in choline dehydrogenase (CHDH) and betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) on preterm birth risk among Chinese women. Methods 129 women with preterm delivery and 141 parturients with full-term delivery were recruited respectively at Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai between March 2016 and July 2018. Dietary choline intake during pregnancy was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire, genotyping was conducted for CHDH (G233C, rs12676) and BHMT (G742A, rs3733890), and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels were assayed. X2 test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and unconditional logistic regression were conducted for statistical analysis. Results Neither choline intake during pregnancy nor CHDH rs12676 or BHMT rs3733890 alone was significantly correlated with the incidence of preterm birth after adjustment for total energy intake, folate consumption, delivery age, occupation, prepregnancy BMI, parity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and gestational diabetes. However, significant interactions were observed between maternal choline intake during pregnancy and CHDH rs12676 (Pinteraction = 0.023) or BHMT rs373389 (Pinteraction = 0.045) on preterm delivery risk after adjusting for multiple confounding variables. Plasma Hcy level was about 38% higher in the case women carrying CC genotype of CHDH rs12676 who consumed less choline than the median during pregnancy, compared to the control women with GG genotype who had more choline intake than the median level (P<0.001). Similarly, the case women carrying AA genotype of BHMT rs373389 who consumed less choline than the median showed about 21% higher Hcy levels, compared with the control women with GG genotype who had more choline intake than the median level (P<0.001). Conclusions Our results indicate that genetic polymorphism of CHDH rs12676 or BHMT rs3733890 may interact with maternal choline intake, which may modify preterm birth risk among Chinese women partially through the disturbance in choline metabolism. This study was registered at clinic trails (No. NCT02841813). Funding Sources This study was supported by the Danone Nutrition Research and Education Grant (DIC2017-09).

Dataset Information

Dietary Choline Intake: Current State of Knowledge Across the Life Cycle.

Publications

Dietary Choline Intake: Current State of Knowledge Across the Life Cycle.

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