Dataset Information

"Direct Dripping": A High-Temperature, High-Formaldehyde Emission Electronic Cigarette Use Method.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) electrically heat and vaporize a liquid solution to produce an inhalable nicotine-containing aerosol. Normally the electrical heater is fed the liquid via an automatic wick system. Some ECIG users, however, elect to directly drip liquid onto an exposed heater coil, reportedly for greater vapor production and throat hit. Use of such "direct drip atomizers" (DDAs) may involve greater exposure to non-nicotine toxicants due to the potentially higher temperatures reached by the coil. In this study we examined nicotine and volatile aldehyde (VA) emissions from one type of DDA under various use scenarios, and measured heater temperature. METHODS:Aerosols were machine-generated from an NHALER 510 Atomizer powered by an eGo-T battery (Joyetech), using a common PG-based liquid and a fixed puffing regimen. Inter-drip interval, the number of puffs drawn between replenishing the liquid on the coil, was varied from 2-4 puffs/drip. Total particulate matter, nicotine, and VA yields were quantified. Heater temperature was monitored using an infrared camera. RESULTS:Depending on the condition, VA emissions, including formaldehyde, greatly exceeded values previously reported for conventional ECIGs and combustible cigarettes, both per puff and per unit of nicotine yield. Increasing the inter-drip interval resulted in greater VA emissions, and lower total particulate matter and nicotine yields. Maximum heater coil temperature ranged from 130°C to more than 350°C. CONCLUSIONS:Due to the higher temperatures attained, DDAs are inherently likely to produce high toxicant emissions. The diversity of ECIG use methods, including potential off-label methods, should be considered as ECIG regulatory efforts proceed.

SUBMITTER: Talih S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6220833 | biostudies-other | 2016 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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"Direct Dripping": A High-Temperature, High-Formaldehyde Emission Electronic Cigarette Use Method.

Talih Soha S Balhas Zainab Z Salman Rola R Karaoghlanian Nareg N Shihadeh Alan A

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 20150411 4

<h4>Introduction</h4>Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) electrically heat and vaporize a liquid solution to produce an inhalable nicotine-containing aerosol. Normally the electrical heater is fed the liquid via an automatic wick system. Some ECIG users, however, elect to directly drip liquid onto an exposed heater coil, reportedly for greater vapor production and throat hit. Use of such "direct drip atomizers" (DDAs) may involve greater exposure to non-nicotine toxicants due to the potentially higher ...[more]

PMID: 25863521

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Project description:Background: The microbiome is increasingly being linked to cancer risk. Little is known about the lung and oral cavity microbiomes in healthy smokers (SM), and even less for electronic cigarette (EC) users, compared healthy never-smokers (NS). Methods: In a cross-sectional pilot study of SM (N=8), EC users (N=10) and NS (N=10) saliva and bronchoscopy-collected bronchoalveolar lavage samples were collected. Bacteria species were identified through metatranscriptome profiling by RNA-sequencing to study associations with the lung and oral microbiome. Pairwise comparisons and linear modeling was assessed with false discovery rates <0.1. Results: Total bacterial load was similar for the SM, EC users and NS, and there was no differences in the bacterial diversity across groups. In the lung, there were 44 bacterial species that were statistically significantly different for SM/NS, 80% of which were decreased in the SM. There were 12 bacterial species that were different for SM/EC users, all of which were decreased, 10 of which were also identified in the SM/NS comparison. The 2 bacterial species unique to SM/EC comparison were Neisseria sp. KEM232 and Curvibacter sp. AEP1-3. From the top 5 decreased species in SM/EC, 3 were also identified in the SM/NS comparison (Neisseria elongata, Neisseria sicca, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae) and 2 of these were unique to the SM/EC comparison (Neisseria zoodegmatis and Ottowia sp. oral taxon 894). There were 8 species increased in SM compared to NS, none of which are known to be clinically significant. In the oral microbiome, 152 bacteria species were differentially abundant for the SM/NS analysis, and only 17 for the EC/NS comparison, all which were also present in SM/NS comparisons. There were 21 bacteria that were differentially abundant in both the lung and oral cavity for SM and NS, 95% also were decreased in the SM. Conclusion: Smoking and EC use do not appear to materially affect the lung microbiome, although differences are noted of unclear clinical significance. Most differentially abundant bacteria decreased, which may be due to a toxic effect of cigarette smoke, including a change in humidity or heating. Given the low number of overlapping oral and lung microbes, the oral microbiome does not appear to be a good surrogate for smoking-related effects in the lung.

Dataset Information

"Direct Dripping": A High-Temperature, High-Formaldehyde Emission Electronic Cigarette Use Method.

Publications

"Direct Dripping": A High-Temperature, High-Formaldehyde Emission Electronic Cigarette Use Method.

Similar Datasets

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