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Treating wheat seeds with neonicotinoid insecticides does not harm the rhizosphere microbial community.

ABSTRACT: Wheat aphids damage wheat plants directly by feeding on them and indirectly by transmitting plant pathogenic viruses, both of which result in low yield and plant death. Due to their high root absorption and systemic characteristics, neonicotinoid insecticidal seed treatments are increasingly applied to control wheat aphids throughout the growing season in China. Ecological concerns are raised in some research, because neonicotinoids can persist and accumulate in soils. They are prone to leach into waterways, and are found in crop nectars and pollens, where they may be harmful to pollinators. Less information is available about the effect of neonicotinoid seed treatments on soil microorganisms. Here, we posed the hypothesis that neonicotinoids are not harmful to soil microbial communities. We tested our hypothesis by evaluating the effects of two neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and clothianidin, on soil microbiomes using high-throughput sequencing during three points in the wheat growth season. Except for the imidacloprid-treated soil in the seedling stage, the community richness and diversity were not affected according to Chao1, ACE and the Shannon indices, and species distribution histogram at the phylum level. However, Beta diversity indices showed that the species richness of the bacterial and fungal community was suppressed by neonicotinoids in seedling stage (high neonicotinoids concentrations), whereas by the reviving period, the changes reverted into stimulation of the soil microorganisms (low neonicotinoids concentrations). Overall, the general microbiome recovered at the end of the wheat planting season. Generally, wheat seed dressing with neonicotinoid insecticides control aphids during the entire growth period, and have no lasting adverse effects on the soil microbiome. This study provides an understanding of the influence of neonicotinoids on crop land ecology at the level of soil microbe communities.

SUBMITTER: Li Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6277090 | biostudies-other | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Treating wheat seeds with neonicotinoid insecticides does not harm the rhizosphere microbial community.

Li Yaofa Y An Jingjie J Dang Zhihong Z Lv Haiying H Pan Wenliang W Gao Zhanlin Z

PloS one 20181203 12

Wheat aphids damage wheat plants directly by feeding on them and indirectly by transmitting plant pathogenic viruses, both of which result in low yield and plant death. Due to their high root absorption and systemic characteristics, neonicotinoid insecticidal seed treatments are increasingly applied to control wheat aphids throughout the growing season in China. Ecological concerns are raised in some research, because neonicotinoids can persist and accumulate in soils. They are prone to leach in ...[more]

PMID: 30507964

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Project description:Drought is the most important natural disaster affecting crop growth and development. Crop rhizosphere microorganisms can affect crop growth and development, enhance the effective utilization of nutrients, and resist adversity and hazards. In this paper, six spring wheat varieties were used as research material in the dry farming area of the western foot of the Greater Khingan Mountains, and two kinds of water control treatments were carried out: dry shed rain prevention (DT) and regulated water replenishment (CK). Phenotypic traits, including physiological and biochemical indices, drought resistance gene expression, soil enzyme activity, soil nutrient content, and the responses of potential functional bacteria and fungi under drought stress, were systematically analyzed. The results showed that compared with the control (CK), the leaf wilting, drooping, and yellowing of six spring wheat varieties were enhanced under drought (DT) treatment. The plant height, fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs), soil total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), organic carbon (SOC), and soil alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) contents were significantly decreased, among which, FW, Gs and MBC decreased by more than 7.84%, 17.43% and 11.31%, respectively. By contrast, the soil total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and soil catalase (S-CAT) contents were significantly increased (p < 0.05). TaWdreb2 and TaBADHb genes were highly expressed in T.D40, T.L36, and T.L33 and were expressed at low levels in T.N2, T.B12, and T.F5. Among them, the relative expression of the TaWdreb2 gene in T.L36 was significantly increased by 2.683 times compared with CK. Soil TN and TP are the most sensitive to drought stress and can be used as the characteristic values of drought stress. Based on this, a drought-tolerant variety (T.L36) and a drought-sensitive variety (T.B12) were selected to further analyze the changes in rhizosphere microorganisms. Drought treatment and cultivar differences significantly affected the composition of the rhizosphere microbial community. Drought caused a decrease in the complexity of the rhizosphere microbial network, and the structure of bacteria was more complex than that of fungi. The Shannon index and network modular number of bacteria in these varieties (T.L36) increased, with rich small-world network properties. Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota were the dominant bacteria under drought treatment. The beneficial bacteria Bacillus, Penicillium, and Blastococcus were enriched in the rhizosphere of T.L36. Brevibacillus and Glycomyce were enriched in the rhizosphere of T.B12. In general, drought can inhibit the growth and development of spring wheat, and spring wheat can resist drought hazards by regulating the expression of drought-related genes, regulating physiological metabolites, and enriching beneficial microorganisms.

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Dataset Information

Treating wheat seeds with neonicotinoid insecticides does not harm the rhizosphere microbial community.

Publications

Treating wheat seeds with neonicotinoid insecticides does not harm the rhizosphere microbial community.

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